Other versions by this Author
In an age when so many people only look forward, THE WESTERN EXPERIENCE combines new and traditional approaches to the past that, combined with an interpretive approach, challenge, stimulate, and engage students. The approach of the authors is appealing to those who want students to come away from their course with more than a grasp of the “facts”, but instead wish students to analyze assumptions and use critical thinking skills. To further this goal, the authors not only see their book as a collection of interpretive essays that can serve as an example of historical writing, but they show and exemplify how historians struggle and deal with the past, for instance by discussing various controversies in history such as the Black Athena question.
In addition, while the text presents a chronological survey of the history of Western Civilization, the narrative weaves several recurring themes that are strengthened and highlighted in new ways in this edition. The themes of social structure, the body politic, organization of production and the impact of technology, evolution of the family and changing gender roles, war, religion and cultural expression are laid out at the beginning of each chapter in the form of a color coded grid that the student and instructor will find easy to follow through the narrative.
The Western Experience, Volume A, with Powerweb
by Chambers, Mortimer; Hanawalt, Barbara; Rabb, Theodore K.; Woloch, Isser; Grew, RaymondEdition: 8th
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2002-07-26
Publisher(s): McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages
-
This Item Qualifies for Free Shipping!*
*Excludes marketplace orders.
List Price: $95.15
Rent Textbook
Select for Price
New Textbook
We're Sorry
Sold Out
Used Textbook
We're Sorry
Sold Out
eTextbook
We're Sorry
Not Available
How Marketplace Works:
- This item is offered by an independent seller and not shipped from our warehouse
- Item details like edition and cover design may differ from our description; see seller's comments before ordering.
- Sellers much confirm and ship within two business days; otherwise, the order will be cancelled and refunded.
- Marketplace purchases cannot be returned to eCampus.com. Contact the seller directly for inquiries; if no response within two days, contact customer service.
- Additional shipping costs apply to Marketplace purchases. Review shipping costs at checkout.
Summary
Table of Contents
List of Maps XXIV
List of Boxes XXVII
Books Related Interest XXX
Preface XXXI
Introduction XXXVII
Chapter 1 The First Civilizations
I. The Earliest Humans
Human Beings as Food Gatherers/Human Beings as Food Producers/Early Near Eastern Villages
II.The First Civilizations in Mesopotamia
The Emergence of Civilization/Sumer/The Babylonian Kingdom/Mesopotamian Culture
III.Egypt
The Old and Middle Kingdoms/The New Kingdom/A View of Egyptian Society
IV. Palestine
Canaanites and Phoenicians/Hebrew Society and the Bible/The Jewish Legacy
V.*The Early Indo-Europeans
The Hittite Kingdom/The Close of the Bronze Age
VI. The Near Eastern States
The Assyrian State/The Chaldeans and the Medes/The Persian Empire
Chapter 2 The Forming of Greek Civilizations
I.Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.)
Cretan Civilization/Crete and the Greeks/Mycenaean Civilization (ca. 1600-1100 B.C.)
II.The Greek Renaissance (ca. 800-600 B.C.)
Greek Religion/Public Games/Colonization (ca. 750-550 B.C.)/The Alphabet/Archaic Literature
III.The Polis
Organization and Government/The Economy of the Poleis (ca. 700-400 B.C.)/Sparta and Athens (ca. 700-500 B.C.)
IV.The Challenge of Persia
The Invasion under Darius and Marathon (490 B.C.)/The Second Persian War (480-479 B.C.)
V.The Wars of the Fifth Century (479-404 B.C.)
The Athenian Empire/The Age of Pericles/The Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.)
Chapter 3 Classical and Hellenistic Greece
I. Classical Greek Culture (ca. 500-323 B.C.)
Philosophy/Greek Tragedy/Comedy: Aristophanes/Historical Writing/The Family in Classical Greece
II. The Rise of Macedonia
Philip II of Macedonia/Alexander the Great
III. The Hellenistic Age (323-30 B.C.)
The Dissolution of Alexanders Empire/The Economic Life/Literature, Art, and Science/Philosophy and Religion
Chapter 4 The Roman Republic
I. The Unification of Italy (to 264 B.C.)
The Geography of Italy/Early Rome/The Struggle of the Orders (494-287 B.C.)/Roman Society in the Republic/Early Expansion of Rome
II. The Age of Mediterranean Conquest (264-133 B.C.)
The Punic Wars/Expansion in the Eastern Mediterranean/The Nature of Roman Expansion
III. The Roman Revolution (133-27 B.C.)
Social Change and the Gracchi/The Years if the Warlords/The First Triumvirate/The Supremacy of Julius Caesar
IV. The End of the Roman Republic
The Second Triumvirate/Octavian Triumphant
V. The Founding of the Roman Empire
Augustus and the Principate/Augustus, the First Roman Emperor
Chapter 5 The Empire and Christianity
I. The Empire at Its Height
The Successors of Augustus/The Five Good Emperors/Roman Imperial Civilization
II. The Period of Crises
The Crisis of Leadership/Weaknesses in the Institution of Slavery/The Plight of the Poor
III. The Late Roman Empire
Restoration under Diocletian/Constantine and the Bureaucracy/The Decline of the Western Empire
IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals
The Mystery Religions/The Jews in the Roman Empire/Origins of Christianity/Battles within Christianity/The Fathers of the Church
Chapter 6 The Making of Western Europe
I. The New Community of Peoples
The Great Migrations/Germanic Society/Germans and Romans
II. The New Political Structures
The Early Byzantine Empire/Justinian the Great (r. 527-650)/The Frankish Kingdom/Kingship in Italy and Spain/Anglo-Saxon England
III. The New Economy, 500-900
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
Books Related Interest XXX
Preface XXXI
Introduction XXXVII
Chapter 1 The First Civilizations
I. The Earliest Humans
Human Beings as Food Gatherers/Human Beings as Food Producers/Early Near Eastern Villages
II.The First Civilizations in Mesopotamia
The Emergence of Civilization/Sumer/The Babylonian Kingdom/Mesopotamian Culture
III.Egypt
The Old and Middle Kingdoms/The New Kingdom/A View of Egyptian Society
IV. Palestine
Canaanites and Phoenicians/Hebrew Society and the Bible/The Jewish Legacy
V.*The Early Indo-Europeans
The Hittite Kingdom/The Close of the Bronze Age
VI. The Near Eastern States
The Assyrian State/The Chaldeans and the Medes/The Persian Empire
Chapter 2 The Forming of Greek Civilizations
I.Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.)
Cretan Civilization/Crete and the Greeks/Mycenaean Civilization (ca. 1600-1100 B.C.)
II.The Greek Renaissance (ca. 800-600 B.C.)
Greek Religion/Public Games/Colonization (ca. 750-550 B.C.)/The Alphabet/Archaic Literature
III.The Polis
Organization and Government/The Economy of the Poleis (ca. 700-400 B.C.)/Sparta and Athens (ca. 700-500 B.C.)
IV.The Challenge of Persia
The Invasion under Darius and Marathon (490 B.C.)/The Second Persian War (480-479 B.C.)
V.The Wars of the Fifth Century (479-404 B.C.)
The Athenian Empire/The Age of Pericles/The Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.)
Chapter 3 Classical and Hellenistic Greece
I. Classical Greek Culture (ca. 500-323 B.C.)
Philosophy/Greek Tragedy/Comedy: Aristophanes/Historical Writing/The Family in Classical Greece
II. The Rise of Macedonia
Philip II of Macedonia/Alexander the Great
III. The Hellenistic Age (323-30 B.C.)
The Dissolution of Alexanders Empire/The Economic Life/Literature, Art, and Science/Philosophy and Religion
Chapter 4 The Roman Republic
I. The Unification of Italy (to 264 B.C.)
The Geography of Italy/Early Rome/The Struggle of the Orders (494-287 B.C.)/Roman Society in the Republic/Early Expansion of Rome
II. The Age of Mediterranean Conquest (264-133 B.C.)
The Punic Wars/Expansion in the Eastern Mediterranean/The Nature of Roman Expansion
III. The Roman Revolution (133-27 B.C.)
Social Change and the Gracchi/The Years if the Warlords/The First Triumvirate/The Supremacy of Julius Caesar
IV. The End of the Roman Republic
The Second Triumvirate/Octavian Triumphant
V. The Founding of the Roman Empire
Augustus and the Principate/Augustus, the First Roman Emperor
Chapter 5 The Empire and Christianity
I. The Empire at Its Height
The Successors of Augustus/The Five Good Emperors/Roman Imperial Civilization
II. The Period of Crises
The Crisis of Leadership/Weaknesses in the Institution of Slavery/The Plight of the Poor
III. The Late Roman Empire
Restoration under Diocletian/Constantine and the Bureaucracy/The Decline of the Western Empire
IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals
The Mystery Religions/The Jews in the Roman Empire/Origins of Christianity/Battles within Christianity/The Fathers of the Church
Chapter 6 The Making of Western Europe
I. The New Community of Peoples
The Great Migrations/Germanic Society/Germans and Romans
II. The New Political Structures
The Early Byzantine Empire/Justinian the Great (r. 527-650)/The Frankish Kingdom/Kingship in Italy and Spain/Anglo-Saxon England
III. The New Economy, 500-900
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
Introduction XXXVII
Chapter 1 The First Civilizations
I. The Earliest Humans
Human Beings as Food Gatherers/Human Beings as Food Producers/Early Near Eastern Villages
II.The First Civilizations in Mesopotamia
The Emergence of Civilization/Sumer/The Babylonian Kingdom/Mesopotamian Culture
III.Egypt
The Old and Middle Kingdoms/The New Kingdom/A View of Egyptian Society
IV. Palestine
Canaanites and Phoenicians/Hebrew Society and the Bible/The Jewish Legacy
V.*The Early Indo-Europeans
The Hittite Kingdom/The Close of the Bronze Age
VI. The Near Eastern States
The Assyrian State/The Chaldeans and the Medes/The Persian Empire
Chapter 2 The Forming of Greek Civilizations
I.Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.)
Cretan Civilization/Crete and the Greeks/Mycenaean Civilization (ca. 1600-1100 B.C.)
II.The Greek Renaissance (ca. 800-600 B.C.)
Greek Religion/Public Games/Colonization (ca. 750-550 B.C.)/The Alphabet/Archaic Literature
III.The Polis
Organization and Government/The Economy of the Poleis (ca. 700-400 B.C.)/Sparta and Athens (ca. 700-500 B.C.)
IV.The Challenge of Persia
The Invasion under Darius and Marathon (490 B.C.)/The Second Persian War (480-479 B.C.)
V.The Wars of the Fifth Century (479-404 B.C.)
The Athenian Empire/The Age of Pericles/The Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.)
Chapter 3 Classical and Hellenistic Greece
I. Classical Greek Culture (ca. 500-323 B.C.)
Philosophy/Greek Tragedy/Comedy: Aristophanes/Historical Writing/The Family in Classical Greece
II. The Rise of Macedonia
Philip II of Macedonia/Alexander the Great
III. The Hellenistic Age (323-30 B.C.)
The Dissolution of Alexanders Empire/The Economic Life/Literature, Art, and Science/Philosophy and Religion
Chapter 4 The Roman Republic
I. The Unification of Italy (to 264 B.C.)
The Geography of Italy/Early Rome/The Struggle of the Orders (494-287 B.C.)/Roman Society in the Republic/Early Expansion of Rome
II. The Age of Mediterranean Conquest (264-133 B.C.)
The Punic Wars/Expansion in the Eastern Mediterranean/The Nature of Roman Expansion
III. The Roman Revolution (133-27 B.C.)
Social Change and the Gracchi/The Years if the Warlords/The First Triumvirate/The Supremacy of Julius Caesar
IV. The End of the Roman Republic
The Second Triumvirate/Octavian Triumphant
V. The Founding of the Roman Empire
Augustus and the Principate/Augustus, the First Roman Emperor
Chapter 5 The Empire and Christianity
I. The Empire at Its Height
The Successors of Augustus/The Five Good Emperors/Roman Imperial Civilization
II. The Period of Crises
The Crisis of Leadership/Weaknesses in the Institution of Slavery/The Plight of the Poor
III. The Late Roman Empire
Restoration under Diocletian/Constantine and the Bureaucracy/The Decline of the Western Empire
IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals
The Mystery Religions/The Jews in the Roman Empire/Origins of Christianity/Battles within Christianity/The Fathers of the Church
Chapter 6 The Making of Western Europe
I. The New Community of Peoples
The Great Migrations/Germanic Society/Germans and Romans
II. The New Political Structures
The Early Byzantine Empire/Justinian the Great (r. 527-650)/The Frankish Kingdom/Kingship in Italy and Spain/Anglo-Saxon England
III. The New Economy, 500-900
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
Human Beings as Food Gatherers/Human Beings as Food Producers/Early Near Eastern Villages
II.The First Civilizations in Mesopotamia
The Emergence of Civilization/Sumer/The Babylonian Kingdom/Mesopotamian Culture
III.Egypt
The Old and Middle Kingdoms/The New Kingdom/A View of Egyptian Society
IV. Palestine
Canaanites and Phoenicians/Hebrew Society and the Bible/The Jewish Legacy
V.*The Early Indo-Europeans
The Hittite Kingdom/The Close of the Bronze Age
VI. The Near Eastern States
The Assyrian State/The Chaldeans and the Medes/The Persian Empire
Chapter 2 The Forming of Greek Civilizations
I.Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.)
Cretan Civilization/Crete and the Greeks/Mycenaean Civilization (ca. 1600-1100 B.C.)
II.The Greek Renaissance (ca. 800-600 B.C.)
Greek Religion/Public Games/Colonization (ca. 750-550 B.C.)/The Alphabet/Archaic Literature
III.The Polis
Organization and Government/The Economy of the Poleis (ca. 700-400 B.C.)/Sparta and Athens (ca. 700-500 B.C.)
IV.The Challenge of Persia
The Invasion under Darius and Marathon (490 B.C.)/The Second Persian War (480-479 B.C.)
V.The Wars of the Fifth Century (479-404 B.C.)
The Athenian Empire/The Age of Pericles/The Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.)
Chapter 3 Classical and Hellenistic Greece
I. Classical Greek Culture (ca. 500-323 B.C.)
Philosophy/Greek Tragedy/Comedy: Aristophanes/Historical Writing/The Family in Classical Greece
II. The Rise of Macedonia
Philip II of Macedonia/Alexander the Great
III. The Hellenistic Age (323-30 B.C.)
The Dissolution of Alexanders Empire/The Economic Life/Literature, Art, and Science/Philosophy and Religion
Chapter 4 The Roman Republic
I. The Unification of Italy (to 264 B.C.)
The Geography of Italy/Early Rome/The Struggle of the Orders (494-287 B.C.)/Roman Society in the Republic/Early Expansion of Rome
II. The Age of Mediterranean Conquest (264-133 B.C.)
The Punic Wars/Expansion in the Eastern Mediterranean/The Nature of Roman Expansion
III. The Roman Revolution (133-27 B.C.)
Social Change and the Gracchi/The Years if the Warlords/The First Triumvirate/The Supremacy of Julius Caesar
IV. The End of the Roman Republic
The Second Triumvirate/Octavian Triumphant
V. The Founding of the Roman Empire
Augustus and the Principate/Augustus, the First Roman Emperor
Chapter 5 The Empire and Christianity
I. The Empire at Its Height
The Successors of Augustus/The Five Good Emperors/Roman Imperial Civilization
II. The Period of Crises
The Crisis of Leadership/Weaknesses in the Institution of Slavery/The Plight of the Poor
III. The Late Roman Empire
Restoration under Diocletian/Constantine and the Bureaucracy/The Decline of the Western Empire
IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals
The Mystery Religions/The Jews in the Roman Empire/Origins of Christianity/Battles within Christianity/The Fathers of the Church
Chapter 6 The Making of Western Europe
I. The New Community of Peoples
The Great Migrations/Germanic Society/Germans and Romans
II. The New Political Structures
The Early Byzantine Empire/Justinian the Great (r. 527-650)/The Frankish Kingdom/Kingship in Italy and Spain/Anglo-Saxon England
III. The New Economy, 500-900
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
The Emergence of Civilization/Sumer/The Babylonian Kingdom/Mesopotamian Culture
III.Egypt
The Old and Middle Kingdoms/The New Kingdom/A View of Egyptian Society
IV. Palestine
Canaanites and Phoenicians/Hebrew Society and the Bible/The Jewish Legacy
V.*The Early Indo-Europeans
The Hittite Kingdom/The Close of the Bronze Age
VI. The Near Eastern States
The Assyrian State/The Chaldeans and the Medes/The Persian Empire
Chapter 2 The Forming of Greek Civilizations
I.Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.)
Cretan Civilization/Crete and the Greeks/Mycenaean Civilization (ca. 1600-1100 B.C.)
II.The Greek Renaissance (ca. 800-600 B.C.)
Greek Religion/Public Games/Colonization (ca. 750-550 B.C.)/The Alphabet/Archaic Literature
III.The Polis
Organization and Government/The Economy of the Poleis (ca. 700-400 B.C.)/Sparta and Athens (ca. 700-500 B.C.)
IV.The Challenge of Persia
The Invasion under Darius and Marathon (490 B.C.)/The Second Persian War (480-479 B.C.)
V.The Wars of the Fifth Century (479-404 B.C.)
The Athenian Empire/The Age of Pericles/The Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.)
Chapter 3 Classical and Hellenistic Greece
I. Classical Greek Culture (ca. 500-323 B.C.)
Philosophy/Greek Tragedy/Comedy: Aristophanes/Historical Writing/The Family in Classical Greece
II. The Rise of Macedonia
Philip II of Macedonia/Alexander the Great
III. The Hellenistic Age (323-30 B.C.)
The Dissolution of Alexanders Empire/The Economic Life/Literature, Art, and Science/Philosophy and Religion
Chapter 4 The Roman Republic
I. The Unification of Italy (to 264 B.C.)
The Geography of Italy/Early Rome/The Struggle of the Orders (494-287 B.C.)/Roman Society in the Republic/Early Expansion of Rome
II. The Age of Mediterranean Conquest (264-133 B.C.)
The Punic Wars/Expansion in the Eastern Mediterranean/The Nature of Roman Expansion
III. The Roman Revolution (133-27 B.C.)
Social Change and the Gracchi/The Years if the Warlords/The First Triumvirate/The Supremacy of Julius Caesar
IV. The End of the Roman Republic
The Second Triumvirate/Octavian Triumphant
V. The Founding of the Roman Empire
Augustus and the Principate/Augustus, the First Roman Emperor
Chapter 5 The Empire and Christianity
I. The Empire at Its Height
The Successors of Augustus/The Five Good Emperors/Roman Imperial Civilization
II. The Period of Crises
The Crisis of Leadership/Weaknesses in the Institution of Slavery/The Plight of the Poor
III. The Late Roman Empire
Restoration under Diocletian/Constantine and the Bureaucracy/The Decline of the Western Empire
IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals
The Mystery Religions/The Jews in the Roman Empire/Origins of Christianity/Battles within Christianity/The Fathers of the Church
Chapter 6 The Making of Western Europe
I. The New Community of Peoples
The Great Migrations/Germanic Society/Germans and Romans
II. The New Political Structures
The Early Byzantine Empire/Justinian the Great (r. 527-650)/The Frankish Kingdom/Kingship in Italy and Spain/Anglo-Saxon England
III. The New Economy, 500-900
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
The Old and Middle Kingdoms/The New Kingdom/A View of Egyptian Society
IV. Palestine
Canaanites and Phoenicians/Hebrew Society and the Bible/The Jewish Legacy
V.*The Early Indo-Europeans
The Hittite Kingdom/The Close of the Bronze Age
VI. The Near Eastern States
The Assyrian State/The Chaldeans and the Medes/The Persian Empire
Chapter 2 The Forming of Greek Civilizations
I.Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.)
Cretan Civilization/Crete and the Greeks/Mycenaean Civilization (ca. 1600-1100 B.C.)
II.The Greek Renaissance (ca. 800-600 B.C.)
Greek Religion/Public Games/Colonization (ca. 750-550 B.C.)/The Alphabet/Archaic Literature
III.The Polis
Organization and Government/The Economy of the Poleis (ca. 700-400 B.C.)/Sparta and Athens (ca. 700-500 B.C.)
IV.The Challenge of Persia
The Invasion under Darius and Marathon (490 B.C.)/The Second Persian War (480-479 B.C.)
V.The Wars of the Fifth Century (479-404 B.C.)
The Athenian Empire/The Age of Pericles/The Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.)
Chapter 3 Classical and Hellenistic Greece
I. Classical Greek Culture (ca. 500-323 B.C.)
Philosophy/Greek Tragedy/Comedy: Aristophanes/Historical Writing/The Family in Classical Greece
II. The Rise of Macedonia
Philip II of Macedonia/Alexander the Great
III. The Hellenistic Age (323-30 B.C.)
The Dissolution of Alexanders Empire/The Economic Life/Literature, Art, and Science/Philosophy and Religion
Chapter 4 The Roman Republic
I. The Unification of Italy (to 264 B.C.)
The Geography of Italy/Early Rome/The Struggle of the Orders (494-287 B.C.)/Roman Society in the Republic/Early Expansion of Rome
II. The Age of Mediterranean Conquest (264-133 B.C.)
The Punic Wars/Expansion in the Eastern Mediterranean/The Nature of Roman Expansion
III. The Roman Revolution (133-27 B.C.)
Social Change and the Gracchi/The Years if the Warlords/The First Triumvirate/The Supremacy of Julius Caesar
IV. The End of the Roman Republic
The Second Triumvirate/Octavian Triumphant
V. The Founding of the Roman Empire
Augustus and the Principate/Augustus, the First Roman Emperor
Chapter 5 The Empire and Christianity
I. The Empire at Its Height
The Successors of Augustus/The Five Good Emperors/Roman Imperial Civilization
II. The Period of Crises
The Crisis of Leadership/Weaknesses in the Institution of Slavery/The Plight of the Poor
III. The Late Roman Empire
Restoration under Diocletian/Constantine and the Bureaucracy/The Decline of the Western Empire
IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals
The Mystery Religions/The Jews in the Roman Empire/Origins of Christianity/Battles within Christianity/The Fathers of the Church
Chapter 6 The Making of Western Europe
I. The New Community of Peoples
The Great Migrations/Germanic Society/Germans and Romans
II. The New Political Structures
The Early Byzantine Empire/Justinian the Great (r. 527-650)/The Frankish Kingdom/Kingship in Italy and Spain/Anglo-Saxon England
III. The New Economy, 500-900
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
Canaanites and Phoenicians/Hebrew Society and the Bible/The Jewish Legacy
V.*The Early Indo-Europeans
The Hittite Kingdom/The Close of the Bronze Age
VI. The Near Eastern States
The Assyrian State/The Chaldeans and the Medes/The Persian Empire
Chapter 2 The Forming of Greek Civilizations
I.Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.)
Cretan Civilization/Crete and the Greeks/Mycenaean Civilization (ca. 1600-1100 B.C.)
II.The Greek Renaissance (ca. 800-600 B.C.)
Greek Religion/Public Games/Colonization (ca. 750-550 B.C.)/The Alphabet/Archaic Literature
III.The Polis
Organization and Government/The Economy of the Poleis (ca. 700-400 B.C.)/Sparta and Athens (ca. 700-500 B.C.)
IV.The Challenge of Persia
The Invasion under Darius and Marathon (490 B.C.)/The Second Persian War (480-479 B.C.)
V.The Wars of the Fifth Century (479-404 B.C.)
The Athenian Empire/The Age of Pericles/The Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.)
Chapter 3 Classical and Hellenistic Greece
I. Classical Greek Culture (ca. 500-323 B.C.)
Philosophy/Greek Tragedy/Comedy: Aristophanes/Historical Writing/The Family in Classical Greece
II. The Rise of Macedonia
Philip II of Macedonia/Alexander the Great
III. The Hellenistic Age (323-30 B.C.)
The Dissolution of Alexanders Empire/The Economic Life/Literature, Art, and Science/Philosophy and Religion
Chapter 4 The Roman Republic
I. The Unification of Italy (to 264 B.C.)
The Geography of Italy/Early Rome/The Struggle of the Orders (494-287 B.C.)/Roman Society in the Republic/Early Expansion of Rome
II. The Age of Mediterranean Conquest (264-133 B.C.)
The Punic Wars/Expansion in the Eastern Mediterranean/The Nature of Roman Expansion
III. The Roman Revolution (133-27 B.C.)
Social Change and the Gracchi/The Years if the Warlords/The First Triumvirate/The Supremacy of Julius Caesar
IV. The End of the Roman Republic
The Second Triumvirate/Octavian Triumphant
V. The Founding of the Roman Empire
Augustus and the Principate/Augustus, the First Roman Emperor
Chapter 5 The Empire and Christianity
I. The Empire at Its Height
The Successors of Augustus/The Five Good Emperors/Roman Imperial Civilization
II. The Period of Crises
The Crisis of Leadership/Weaknesses in the Institution of Slavery/The Plight of the Poor
III. The Late Roman Empire
Restoration under Diocletian/Constantine and the Bureaucracy/The Decline of the Western Empire
IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals
The Mystery Religions/The Jews in the Roman Empire/Origins of Christianity/Battles within Christianity/The Fathers of the Church
Chapter 6 The Making of Western Europe
I. The New Community of Peoples
The Great Migrations/Germanic Society/Germans and Romans
II. The New Political Structures
The Early Byzantine Empire/Justinian the Great (r. 527-650)/The Frankish Kingdom/Kingship in Italy and Spain/Anglo-Saxon England
III. The New Economy, 500-900
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
The Hittite Kingdom/The Close of the Bronze Age
VI. The Near Eastern States
The Assyrian State/The Chaldeans and the Medes/The Persian Empire
Chapter 2 The Forming of Greek Civilizations
I.Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.)
Cretan Civilization/Crete and the Greeks/Mycenaean Civilization (ca. 1600-1100 B.C.)
II.The Greek Renaissance (ca. 800-600 B.C.)
Greek Religion/Public Games/Colonization (ca. 750-550 B.C.)/The Alphabet/Archaic Literature
III.The Polis
Organization and Government/The Economy of the Poleis (ca. 700-400 B.C.)/Sparta and Athens (ca. 700-500 B.C.)
IV.The Challenge of Persia
The Invasion under Darius and Marathon (490 B.C.)/The Second Persian War (480-479 B.C.)
V.The Wars of the Fifth Century (479-404 B.C.)
The Athenian Empire/The Age of Pericles/The Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.)
Chapter 3 Classical and Hellenistic Greece
I. Classical Greek Culture (ca. 500-323 B.C.)
Philosophy/Greek Tragedy/Comedy: Aristophanes/Historical Writing/The Family in Classical Greece
II. The Rise of Macedonia
Philip II of Macedonia/Alexander the Great
III. The Hellenistic Age (323-30 B.C.)
The Dissolution of Alexanders Empire/The Economic Life/Literature, Art, and Science/Philosophy and Religion
Chapter 4 The Roman Republic
I. The Unification of Italy (to 264 B.C.)
The Geography of Italy/Early Rome/The Struggle of the Orders (494-287 B.C.)/Roman Society in the Republic/Early Expansion of Rome
II. The Age of Mediterranean Conquest (264-133 B.C.)
The Punic Wars/Expansion in the Eastern Mediterranean/The Nature of Roman Expansion
III. The Roman Revolution (133-27 B.C.)
Social Change and the Gracchi/The Years if the Warlords/The First Triumvirate/The Supremacy of Julius Caesar
IV. The End of the Roman Republic
The Second Triumvirate/Octavian Triumphant
V. The Founding of the Roman Empire
Augustus and the Principate/Augustus, the First Roman Emperor
Chapter 5 The Empire and Christianity
I. The Empire at Its Height
The Successors of Augustus/The Five Good Emperors/Roman Imperial Civilization
II. The Period of Crises
The Crisis of Leadership/Weaknesses in the Institution of Slavery/The Plight of the Poor
III. The Late Roman Empire
Restoration under Diocletian/Constantine and the Bureaucracy/The Decline of the Western Empire
IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals
The Mystery Religions/The Jews in the Roman Empire/Origins of Christianity/Battles within Christianity/The Fathers of the Church
Chapter 6 The Making of Western Europe
I. The New Community of Peoples
The Great Migrations/Germanic Society/Germans and Romans
II. The New Political Structures
The Early Byzantine Empire/Justinian the Great (r. 527-650)/The Frankish Kingdom/Kingship in Italy and Spain/Anglo-Saxon England
III. The New Economy, 500-900
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
The Assyrian State/The Chaldeans and the Medes/The Persian Empire
Chapter 2 The Forming of Greek Civilizations
I.Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.)
Cretan Civilization/Crete and the Greeks/Mycenaean Civilization (ca. 1600-1100 B.C.)
II.The Greek Renaissance (ca. 800-600 B.C.)
Greek Religion/Public Games/Colonization (ca. 750-550 B.C.)/The Alphabet/Archaic Literature
III.The Polis
Organization and Government/The Economy of the Poleis (ca. 700-400 B.C.)/Sparta and Athens (ca. 700-500 B.C.)
IV.The Challenge of Persia
The Invasion under Darius and Marathon (490 B.C.)/The Second Persian War (480-479 B.C.)
V.The Wars of the Fifth Century (479-404 B.C.)
The Athenian Empire/The Age of Pericles/The Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.)
Chapter 3 Classical and Hellenistic Greece
I. Classical Greek Culture (ca. 500-323 B.C.)
Philosophy/Greek Tragedy/Comedy: Aristophanes/Historical Writing/The Family in Classical Greece
II. The Rise of Macedonia
Philip II of Macedonia/Alexander the Great
III. The Hellenistic Age (323-30 B.C.)
The Dissolution of Alexanders Empire/The Economic Life/Literature, Art, and Science/Philosophy and Religion
Chapter 4 The Roman Republic
I. The Unification of Italy (to 264 B.C.)
The Geography of Italy/Early Rome/The Struggle of the Orders (494-287 B.C.)/Roman Society in the Republic/Early Expansion of Rome
II. The Age of Mediterranean Conquest (264-133 B.C.)
The Punic Wars/Expansion in the Eastern Mediterranean/The Nature of Roman Expansion
III. The Roman Revolution (133-27 B.C.)
Social Change and the Gracchi/The Years if the Warlords/The First Triumvirate/The Supremacy of Julius Caesar
IV. The End of the Roman Republic
The Second Triumvirate/Octavian Triumphant
V. The Founding of the Roman Empire
Augustus and the Principate/Augustus, the First Roman Emperor
Chapter 5 The Empire and Christianity
I. The Empire at Its Height
The Successors of Augustus/The Five Good Emperors/Roman Imperial Civilization
II. The Period of Crises
The Crisis of Leadership/Weaknesses in the Institution of Slavery/The Plight of the Poor
III. The Late Roman Empire
Restoration under Diocletian/Constantine and the Bureaucracy/The Decline of the Western Empire
IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals
The Mystery Religions/The Jews in the Roman Empire/Origins of Christianity/Battles within Christianity/The Fathers of the Church
Chapter 6 The Making of Western Europe
I. The New Community of Peoples
The Great Migrations/Germanic Society/Germans and Romans
II. The New Political Structures
The Early Byzantine Empire/Justinian the Great (r. 527-650)/The Frankish Kingdom/Kingship in Italy and Spain/Anglo-Saxon England
III. The New Economy, 500-900
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
Cretan Civilization/Crete and the Greeks/Mycenaean Civilization (ca. 1600-1100 B.C.)
II.The Greek Renaissance (ca. 800-600 B.C.)
Greek Religion/Public Games/Colonization (ca. 750-550 B.C.)/The Alphabet/Archaic Literature
III.The Polis
Organization and Government/The Economy of the Poleis (ca. 700-400 B.C.)/Sparta and Athens (ca. 700-500 B.C.)
IV.The Challenge of Persia
The Invasion under Darius and Marathon (490 B.C.)/The Second Persian War (480-479 B.C.)
V.The Wars of the Fifth Century (479-404 B.C.)
The Athenian Empire/The Age of Pericles/The Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.)
Chapter 3 Classical and Hellenistic Greece
I. Classical Greek Culture (ca. 500-323 B.C.)
Philosophy/Greek Tragedy/Comedy: Aristophanes/Historical Writing/The Family in Classical Greece
II. The Rise of Macedonia
Philip II of Macedonia/Alexander the Great
III. The Hellenistic Age (323-30 B.C.)
The Dissolution of Alexanders Empire/The Economic Life/Literature, Art, and Science/Philosophy and Religion
Chapter 4 The Roman Republic
I. The Unification of Italy (to 264 B.C.)
The Geography of Italy/Early Rome/The Struggle of the Orders (494-287 B.C.)/Roman Society in the Republic/Early Expansion of Rome
II. The Age of Mediterranean Conquest (264-133 B.C.)
The Punic Wars/Expansion in the Eastern Mediterranean/The Nature of Roman Expansion
III. The Roman Revolution (133-27 B.C.)
Social Change and the Gracchi/The Years if the Warlords/The First Triumvirate/The Supremacy of Julius Caesar
IV. The End of the Roman Republic
The Second Triumvirate/Octavian Triumphant
V. The Founding of the Roman Empire
Augustus and the Principate/Augustus, the First Roman Emperor
Chapter 5 The Empire and Christianity
I. The Empire at Its Height
The Successors of Augustus/The Five Good Emperors/Roman Imperial Civilization
II. The Period of Crises
The Crisis of Leadership/Weaknesses in the Institution of Slavery/The Plight of the Poor
III. The Late Roman Empire
Restoration under Diocletian/Constantine and the Bureaucracy/The Decline of the Western Empire
IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals
The Mystery Religions/The Jews in the Roman Empire/Origins of Christianity/Battles within Christianity/The Fathers of the Church
Chapter 6 The Making of Western Europe
I. The New Community of Peoples
The Great Migrations/Germanic Society/Germans and Romans
II. The New Political Structures
The Early Byzantine Empire/Justinian the Great (r. 527-650)/The Frankish Kingdom/Kingship in Italy and Spain/Anglo-Saxon England
III. The New Economy, 500-900
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
Greek Religion/Public Games/Colonization (ca. 750-550 B.C.)/The Alphabet/Archaic Literature
III.The Polis
Organization and Government/The Economy of the Poleis (ca. 700-400 B.C.)/Sparta and Athens (ca. 700-500 B.C.)
IV.The Challenge of Persia
The Invasion under Darius and Marathon (490 B.C.)/The Second Persian War (480-479 B.C.)
V.The Wars of the Fifth Century (479-404 B.C.)
The Athenian Empire/The Age of Pericles/The Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.)
Chapter 3 Classical and Hellenistic Greece
I. Classical Greek Culture (ca. 500-323 B.C.)
Philosophy/Greek Tragedy/Comedy: Aristophanes/Historical Writing/The Family in Classical Greece
II. The Rise of Macedonia
Philip II of Macedonia/Alexander the Great
III. The Hellenistic Age (323-30 B.C.)
The Dissolution of Alexanders Empire/The Economic Life/Literature, Art, and Science/Philosophy and Religion
Chapter 4 The Roman Republic
I. The Unification of Italy (to 264 B.C.)
The Geography of Italy/Early Rome/The Struggle of the Orders (494-287 B.C.)/Roman Society in the Republic/Early Expansion of Rome
II. The Age of Mediterranean Conquest (264-133 B.C.)
The Punic Wars/Expansion in the Eastern Mediterranean/The Nature of Roman Expansion
III. The Roman Revolution (133-27 B.C.)
Social Change and the Gracchi/The Years if the Warlords/The First Triumvirate/The Supremacy of Julius Caesar
IV. The End of the Roman Republic
The Second Triumvirate/Octavian Triumphant
V. The Founding of the Roman Empire
Augustus and the Principate/Augustus, the First Roman Emperor
Chapter 5 The Empire and Christianity
I. The Empire at Its Height
The Successors of Augustus/The Five Good Emperors/Roman Imperial Civilization
II. The Period of Crises
The Crisis of Leadership/Weaknesses in the Institution of Slavery/The Plight of the Poor
III. The Late Roman Empire
Restoration under Diocletian/Constantine and the Bureaucracy/The Decline of the Western Empire
IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals
The Mystery Religions/The Jews in the Roman Empire/Origins of Christianity/Battles within Christianity/The Fathers of the Church
Chapter 6 The Making of Western Europe
I. The New Community of Peoples
The Great Migrations/Germanic Society/Germans and Romans
II. The New Political Structures
The Early Byzantine Empire/Justinian the Great (r. 527-650)/The Frankish Kingdom/Kingship in Italy and Spain/Anglo-Saxon England
III. The New Economy, 500-900
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
Organization and Government/The Economy of the Poleis (ca. 700-400 B.C.)/Sparta and Athens (ca. 700-500 B.C.)
IV.The Challenge of Persia
The Invasion under Darius and Marathon (490 B.C.)/The Second Persian War (480-479 B.C.)
V.The Wars of the Fifth Century (479-404 B.C.)
The Athenian Empire/The Age of Pericles/The Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.)
Chapter 3 Classical and Hellenistic Greece
I. Classical Greek Culture (ca. 500-323 B.C.)
Philosophy/Greek Tragedy/Comedy: Aristophanes/Historical Writing/The Family in Classical Greece
II. The Rise of Macedonia
Philip II of Macedonia/Alexander the Great
III. The Hellenistic Age (323-30 B.C.)
The Dissolution of Alexanders Empire/The Economic Life/Literature, Art, and Science/Philosophy and Religion
Chapter 4 The Roman Republic
I. The Unification of Italy (to 264 B.C.)
The Geography of Italy/Early Rome/The Struggle of the Orders (494-287 B.C.)/Roman Society in the Republic/Early Expansion of Rome
II. The Age of Mediterranean Conquest (264-133 B.C.)
The Punic Wars/Expansion in the Eastern Mediterranean/The Nature of Roman Expansion
III. The Roman Revolution (133-27 B.C.)
Social Change and the Gracchi/The Years if the Warlords/The First Triumvirate/The Supremacy of Julius Caesar
IV. The End of the Roman Republic
The Second Triumvirate/Octavian Triumphant
V. The Founding of the Roman Empire
Augustus and the Principate/Augustus, the First Roman Emperor
Chapter 5 The Empire and Christianity
I. The Empire at Its Height
The Successors of Augustus/The Five Good Emperors/Roman Imperial Civilization
II. The Period of Crises
The Crisis of Leadership/Weaknesses in the Institution of Slavery/The Plight of the Poor
III. The Late Roman Empire
Restoration under Diocletian/Constantine and the Bureaucracy/The Decline of the Western Empire
IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals
The Mystery Religions/The Jews in the Roman Empire/Origins of Christianity/Battles within Christianity/The Fathers of the Church
Chapter 6 The Making of Western Europe
I. The New Community of Peoples
The Great Migrations/Germanic Society/Germans and Romans
II. The New Political Structures
The Early Byzantine Empire/Justinian the Great (r. 527-650)/The Frankish Kingdom/Kingship in Italy and Spain/Anglo-Saxon England
III. The New Economy, 500-900
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
The Invasion under Darius and Marathon (490 B.C.)/The Second Persian War (480-479 B.C.)
V.The Wars of the Fifth Century (479-404 B.C.)
The Athenian Empire/The Age of Pericles/The Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.)
Chapter 3 Classical and Hellenistic Greece
I. Classical Greek Culture (ca. 500-323 B.C.)
Philosophy/Greek Tragedy/Comedy: Aristophanes/Historical Writing/The Family in Classical Greece
II. The Rise of Macedonia
Philip II of Macedonia/Alexander the Great
III. The Hellenistic Age (323-30 B.C.)
The Dissolution of Alexanders Empire/The Economic Life/Literature, Art, and Science/Philosophy and Religion
Chapter 4 The Roman Republic
I. The Unification of Italy (to 264 B.C.)
The Geography of Italy/Early Rome/The Struggle of the Orders (494-287 B.C.)/Roman Society in the Republic/Early Expansion of Rome
II. The Age of Mediterranean Conquest (264-133 B.C.)
The Punic Wars/Expansion in the Eastern Mediterranean/The Nature of Roman Expansion
III. The Roman Revolution (133-27 B.C.)
Social Change and the Gracchi/The Years if the Warlords/The First Triumvirate/The Supremacy of Julius Caesar
IV. The End of the Roman Republic
The Second Triumvirate/Octavian Triumphant
V. The Founding of the Roman Empire
Augustus and the Principate/Augustus, the First Roman Emperor
Chapter 5 The Empire and Christianity
I. The Empire at Its Height
The Successors of Augustus/The Five Good Emperors/Roman Imperial Civilization
II. The Period of Crises
The Crisis of Leadership/Weaknesses in the Institution of Slavery/The Plight of the Poor
III. The Late Roman Empire
Restoration under Diocletian/Constantine and the Bureaucracy/The Decline of the Western Empire
IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals
The Mystery Religions/The Jews in the Roman Empire/Origins of Christianity/Battles within Christianity/The Fathers of the Church
Chapter 6 The Making of Western Europe
I. The New Community of Peoples
The Great Migrations/Germanic Society/Germans and Romans
II. The New Political Structures
The Early Byzantine Empire/Justinian the Great (r. 527-650)/The Frankish Kingdom/Kingship in Italy and Spain/Anglo-Saxon England
III. The New Economy, 500-900
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
The Athenian Empire/The Age of Pericles/The Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.)
Chapter 3 Classical and Hellenistic Greece
I. Classical Greek Culture (ca. 500-323 B.C.)
Philosophy/Greek Tragedy/Comedy: Aristophanes/Historical Writing/The Family in Classical Greece
II. The Rise of Macedonia
Philip II of Macedonia/Alexander the Great
III. The Hellenistic Age (323-30 B.C.)
The Dissolution of Alexanders Empire/The Economic Life/Literature, Art, and Science/Philosophy and Religion
Chapter 4 The Roman Republic
I. The Unification of Italy (to 264 B.C.)
The Geography of Italy/Early Rome/The Struggle of the Orders (494-287 B.C.)/Roman Society in the Republic/Early Expansion of Rome
II. The Age of Mediterranean Conquest (264-133 B.C.)
The Punic Wars/Expansion in the Eastern Mediterranean/The Nature of Roman Expansion
III. The Roman Revolution (133-27 B.C.)
Social Change and the Gracchi/The Years if the Warlords/The First Triumvirate/The Supremacy of Julius Caesar
IV. The End of the Roman Republic
The Second Triumvirate/Octavian Triumphant
V. The Founding of the Roman Empire
Augustus and the Principate/Augustus, the First Roman Emperor
Chapter 5 The Empire and Christianity
I. The Empire at Its Height
The Successors of Augustus/The Five Good Emperors/Roman Imperial Civilization
II. The Period of Crises
The Crisis of Leadership/Weaknesses in the Institution of Slavery/The Plight of the Poor
III. The Late Roman Empire
Restoration under Diocletian/Constantine and the Bureaucracy/The Decline of the Western Empire
IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals
The Mystery Religions/The Jews in the Roman Empire/Origins of Christianity/Battles within Christianity/The Fathers of the Church
Chapter 6 The Making of Western Europe
I. The New Community of Peoples
The Great Migrations/Germanic Society/Germans and Romans
II. The New Political Structures
The Early Byzantine Empire/Justinian the Great (r. 527-650)/The Frankish Kingdom/Kingship in Italy and Spain/Anglo-Saxon England
III. The New Economy, 500-900
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
Philosophy/Greek Tragedy/Comedy: Aristophanes/Historical Writing/The Family in Classical Greece
II. The Rise of Macedonia
Philip II of Macedonia/Alexander the Great
III. The Hellenistic Age (323-30 B.C.)
The Dissolution of Alexanders Empire/The Economic Life/Literature, Art, and Science/Philosophy and Religion
Chapter 4 The Roman Republic
I. The Unification of Italy (to 264 B.C.)
The Geography of Italy/Early Rome/The Struggle of the Orders (494-287 B.C.)/Roman Society in the Republic/Early Expansion of Rome
II. The Age of Mediterranean Conquest (264-133 B.C.)
The Punic Wars/Expansion in the Eastern Mediterranean/The Nature of Roman Expansion
III. The Roman Revolution (133-27 B.C.)
Social Change and the Gracchi/The Years if the Warlords/The First Triumvirate/The Supremacy of Julius Caesar
IV. The End of the Roman Republic
The Second Triumvirate/Octavian Triumphant
V. The Founding of the Roman Empire
Augustus and the Principate/Augustus, the First Roman Emperor
Chapter 5 The Empire and Christianity
I. The Empire at Its Height
The Successors of Augustus/The Five Good Emperors/Roman Imperial Civilization
II. The Period of Crises
The Crisis of Leadership/Weaknesses in the Institution of Slavery/The Plight of the Poor
III. The Late Roman Empire
Restoration under Diocletian/Constantine and the Bureaucracy/The Decline of the Western Empire
IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals
The Mystery Religions/The Jews in the Roman Empire/Origins of Christianity/Battles within Christianity/The Fathers of the Church
Chapter 6 The Making of Western Europe
I. The New Community of Peoples
The Great Migrations/Germanic Society/Germans and Romans
II. The New Political Structures
The Early Byzantine Empire/Justinian the Great (r. 527-650)/The Frankish Kingdom/Kingship in Italy and Spain/Anglo-Saxon England
III. The New Economy, 500-900
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
Philip II of Macedonia/Alexander the Great
III. The Hellenistic Age (323-30 B.C.)
The Dissolution of Alexanders Empire/The Economic Life/Literature, Art, and Science/Philosophy and Religion
Chapter 4 The Roman Republic
I. The Unification of Italy (to 264 B.C.)
The Geography of Italy/Early Rome/The Struggle of the Orders (494-287 B.C.)/Roman Society in the Republic/Early Expansion of Rome
II. The Age of Mediterranean Conquest (264-133 B.C.)
The Punic Wars/Expansion in the Eastern Mediterranean/The Nature of Roman Expansion
III. The Roman Revolution (133-27 B.C.)
Social Change and the Gracchi/The Years if the Warlords/The First Triumvirate/The Supremacy of Julius Caesar
IV. The End of the Roman Republic
The Second Triumvirate/Octavian Triumphant
V. The Founding of the Roman Empire
Augustus and the Principate/Augustus, the First Roman Emperor
Chapter 5 The Empire and Christianity
I. The Empire at Its Height
The Successors of Augustus/The Five Good Emperors/Roman Imperial Civilization
II. The Period of Crises
The Crisis of Leadership/Weaknesses in the Institution of Slavery/The Plight of the Poor
III. The Late Roman Empire
Restoration under Diocletian/Constantine and the Bureaucracy/The Decline of the Western Empire
IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals
The Mystery Religions/The Jews in the Roman Empire/Origins of Christianity/Battles within Christianity/The Fathers of the Church
Chapter 6 The Making of Western Europe
I. The New Community of Peoples
The Great Migrations/Germanic Society/Germans and Romans
II. The New Political Structures
The Early Byzantine Empire/Justinian the Great (r. 527-650)/The Frankish Kingdom/Kingship in Italy and Spain/Anglo-Saxon England
III. The New Economy, 500-900
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
The Dissolution of Alexanders Empire/The Economic Life/Literature, Art, and Science/Philosophy and Religion
Chapter 4 The Roman Republic
I. The Unification of Italy (to 264 B.C.)
The Geography of Italy/Early Rome/The Struggle of the Orders (494-287 B.C.)/Roman Society in the Republic/Early Expansion of Rome
II. The Age of Mediterranean Conquest (264-133 B.C.)
The Punic Wars/Expansion in the Eastern Mediterranean/The Nature of Roman Expansion
III. The Roman Revolution (133-27 B.C.)
Social Change and the Gracchi/The Years if the Warlords/The First Triumvirate/The Supremacy of Julius Caesar
IV. The End of the Roman Republic
The Second Triumvirate/Octavian Triumphant
V. The Founding of the Roman Empire
Augustus and the Principate/Augustus, the First Roman Emperor
Chapter 5 The Empire and Christianity
I. The Empire at Its Height
The Successors of Augustus/The Five Good Emperors/Roman Imperial Civilization
II. The Period of Crises
The Crisis of Leadership/Weaknesses in the Institution of Slavery/The Plight of the Poor
III. The Late Roman Empire
Restoration under Diocletian/Constantine and the Bureaucracy/The Decline of the Western Empire
IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals
The Mystery Religions/The Jews in the Roman Empire/Origins of Christianity/Battles within Christianity/The Fathers of the Church
Chapter 6 The Making of Western Europe
I. The New Community of Peoples
The Great Migrations/Germanic Society/Germans and Romans
II. The New Political Structures
The Early Byzantine Empire/Justinian the Great (r. 527-650)/The Frankish Kingdom/Kingship in Italy and Spain/Anglo-Saxon England
III. The New Economy, 500-900
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
The Geography of Italy/Early Rome/The Struggle of the Orders (494-287 B.C.)/Roman Society in the Republic/Early Expansion of Rome
II. The Age of Mediterranean Conquest (264-133 B.C.)
The Punic Wars/Expansion in the Eastern Mediterranean/The Nature of Roman Expansion
III. The Roman Revolution (133-27 B.C.)
Social Change and the Gracchi/The Years if the Warlords/The First Triumvirate/The Supremacy of Julius Caesar
IV. The End of the Roman Republic
The Second Triumvirate/Octavian Triumphant
V. The Founding of the Roman Empire
Augustus and the Principate/Augustus, the First Roman Emperor
Chapter 5 The Empire and Christianity
I. The Empire at Its Height
The Successors of Augustus/The Five Good Emperors/Roman Imperial Civilization
II. The Period of Crises
The Crisis of Leadership/Weaknesses in the Institution of Slavery/The Plight of the Poor
III. The Late Roman Empire
Restoration under Diocletian/Constantine and the Bureaucracy/The Decline of the Western Empire
IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals
The Mystery Religions/The Jews in the Roman Empire/Origins of Christianity/Battles within Christianity/The Fathers of the Church
Chapter 6 The Making of Western Europe
I. The New Community of Peoples
The Great Migrations/Germanic Society/Germans and Romans
II. The New Political Structures
The Early Byzantine Empire/Justinian the Great (r. 527-650)/The Frankish Kingdom/Kingship in Italy and Spain/Anglo-Saxon England
III. The New Economy, 500-900
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
The Punic Wars/Expansion in the Eastern Mediterranean/The Nature of Roman Expansion
III. The Roman Revolution (133-27 B.C.)
Social Change and the Gracchi/The Years if the Warlords/The First Triumvirate/The Supremacy of Julius Caesar
IV. The End of the Roman Republic
The Second Triumvirate/Octavian Triumphant
V. The Founding of the Roman Empire
Augustus and the Principate/Augustus, the First Roman Emperor
Chapter 5 The Empire and Christianity
I. The Empire at Its Height
The Successors of Augustus/The Five Good Emperors/Roman Imperial Civilization
II. The Period of Crises
The Crisis of Leadership/Weaknesses in the Institution of Slavery/The Plight of the Poor
III. The Late Roman Empire
Restoration under Diocletian/Constantine and the Bureaucracy/The Decline of the Western Empire
IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals
The Mystery Religions/The Jews in the Roman Empire/Origins of Christianity/Battles within Christianity/The Fathers of the Church
Chapter 6 The Making of Western Europe
I. The New Community of Peoples
The Great Migrations/Germanic Society/Germans and Romans
II. The New Political Structures
The Early Byzantine Empire/Justinian the Great (r. 527-650)/The Frankish Kingdom/Kingship in Italy and Spain/Anglo-Saxon England
III. The New Economy, 500-900
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
Social Change and the Gracchi/The Years if the Warlords/The First Triumvirate/The Supremacy of Julius Caesar
IV. The End of the Roman Republic
The Second Triumvirate/Octavian Triumphant
V. The Founding of the Roman Empire
Augustus and the Principate/Augustus, the First Roman Emperor
Chapter 5 The Empire and Christianity
I. The Empire at Its Height
The Successors of Augustus/The Five Good Emperors/Roman Imperial Civilization
II. The Period of Crises
The Crisis of Leadership/Weaknesses in the Institution of Slavery/The Plight of the Poor
III. The Late Roman Empire
Restoration under Diocletian/Constantine and the Bureaucracy/The Decline of the Western Empire
IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals
The Mystery Religions/The Jews in the Roman Empire/Origins of Christianity/Battles within Christianity/The Fathers of the Church
Chapter 6 The Making of Western Europe
I. The New Community of Peoples
The Great Migrations/Germanic Society/Germans and Romans
II. The New Political Structures
The Early Byzantine Empire/Justinian the Great (r. 527-650)/The Frankish Kingdom/Kingship in Italy and Spain/Anglo-Saxon England
III. The New Economy, 500-900
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
The Second Triumvirate/Octavian Triumphant
V. The Founding of the Roman Empire
Augustus and the Principate/Augustus, the First Roman Emperor
Chapter 5 The Empire and Christianity
I. The Empire at Its Height
The Successors of Augustus/The Five Good Emperors/Roman Imperial Civilization
II. The Period of Crises
The Crisis of Leadership/Weaknesses in the Institution of Slavery/The Plight of the Poor
III. The Late Roman Empire
Restoration under Diocletian/Constantine and the Bureaucracy/The Decline of the Western Empire
IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals
The Mystery Religions/The Jews in the Roman Empire/Origins of Christianity/Battles within Christianity/The Fathers of the Church
Chapter 6 The Making of Western Europe
I. The New Community of Peoples
The Great Migrations/Germanic Society/Germans and Romans
II. The New Political Structures
The Early Byzantine Empire/Justinian the Great (r. 527-650)/The Frankish Kingdom/Kingship in Italy and Spain/Anglo-Saxon England
III. The New Economy, 500-900
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
Augustus and the Principate/Augustus, the First Roman Emperor
Chapter 5 The Empire and Christianity
I. The Empire at Its Height
The Successors of Augustus/The Five Good Emperors/Roman Imperial Civilization
II. The Period of Crises
The Crisis of Leadership/Weaknesses in the Institution of Slavery/The Plight of the Poor
III. The Late Roman Empire
Restoration under Diocletian/Constantine and the Bureaucracy/The Decline of the Western Empire
IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals
The Mystery Religions/The Jews in the Roman Empire/Origins of Christianity/Battles within Christianity/The Fathers of the Church
Chapter 6 The Making of Western Europe
I. The New Community of Peoples
The Great Migrations/Germanic Society/Germans and Romans
II. The New Political Structures
The Early Byzantine Empire/Justinian the Great (r. 527-650)/The Frankish Kingdom/Kingship in Italy and Spain/Anglo-Saxon England
III. The New Economy, 500-900
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
The Successors of Augustus/The Five Good Emperors/Roman Imperial Civilization
II. The Period of Crises
The Crisis of Leadership/Weaknesses in the Institution of Slavery/The Plight of the Poor
III. The Late Roman Empire
Restoration under Diocletian/Constantine and the Bureaucracy/The Decline of the Western Empire
IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals
The Mystery Religions/The Jews in the Roman Empire/Origins of Christianity/Battles within Christianity/The Fathers of the Church
Chapter 6 The Making of Western Europe
I. The New Community of Peoples
The Great Migrations/Germanic Society/Germans and Romans
II. The New Political Structures
The Early Byzantine Empire/Justinian the Great (r. 527-650)/The Frankish Kingdom/Kingship in Italy and Spain/Anglo-Saxon England
III. The New Economy, 500-900
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
The Crisis of Leadership/Weaknesses in the Institution of Slavery/The Plight of the Poor
III. The Late Roman Empire
Restoration under Diocletian/Constantine and the Bureaucracy/The Decline of the Western Empire
IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals
The Mystery Religions/The Jews in the Roman Empire/Origins of Christianity/Battles within Christianity/The Fathers of the Church
Chapter 6 The Making of Western Europe
I. The New Community of Peoples
The Great Migrations/Germanic Society/Germans and Romans
II. The New Political Structures
The Early Byzantine Empire/Justinian the Great (r. 527-650)/The Frankish Kingdom/Kingship in Italy and Spain/Anglo-Saxon England
III. The New Economy, 500-900
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
Restoration under Diocletian/Constantine and the Bureaucracy/The Decline of the Western Empire
IV. Christianity and Its Early Rivals
The Mystery Religions/The Jews in the Roman Empire/Origins of Christianity/Battles within Christianity/The Fathers of the Church
Chapter 6 The Making of Western Europe
I. The New Community of Peoples
The Great Migrations/Germanic Society/Germans and Romans
II. The New Political Structures
The Early Byzantine Empire/Justinian the Great (r. 527-650)/The Frankish Kingdom/Kingship in Italy and Spain/Anglo-Saxon England
III. The New Economy, 500-900
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
The Mystery Religions/The Jews in the Roman Empire/Origins of Christianity/Battles within Christianity/The Fathers of the Church
Chapter 6 The Making of Western Europe
I. The New Community of Peoples
The Great Migrations/Germanic Society/Germans and Romans
II. The New Political Structures
The Early Byzantine Empire/Justinian the Great (r. 527-650)/The Frankish Kingdom/Kingship in Italy and Spain/Anglo-Saxon England
III. The New Economy, 500-900
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
The Great Migrations/Germanic Society/Germans and Romans
II. The New Political Structures
The Early Byzantine Empire/Justinian the Great (r. 527-650)/The Frankish Kingdom/Kingship in Italy and Spain/Anglo-Saxon England
III. The New Economy, 500-900
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
The Early Byzantine Empire/Justinian the Great (r. 527-650)/The Frankish Kingdom/Kingship in Italy and Spain/Anglo-Saxon England
III. The New Economy, 500-900
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
Agricultureal Innovations/Trade and Manufacture
IV. The Expansion of the Church
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
Origins of the Papacy/Monasticism/Missionaries and Popular Religion/The Church and Classical Learning
Chapter 7 The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion
I. The Byzantine Empire (623-1071)
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
Strains on the Empire/Byzantine Government/The Two Churches/Byzantine Economy and Society/Byzantine Culture/Decline of the Byzantine Empire
II. Islam
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
The Arabs/Muhammad/The Religion of Islam/Expansion of Islam/Islamic Economy and Society/Islamic Culture/Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization
III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empire
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
Charlemagne/Carolingian Government/The Carolingian Renaissance/Carolingian Society and Culture/Decline of the Carolingian Empire
IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
The Vikings/The Kievan Rus Principality/Anglo-Saxon England
Chapter 8 Restoration of an Ordered Society
I. Economic and Social Changes
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
Feudalism/Life of the Nobility/Manorialism/Peasant Life/Expansion of Europe/Commercial Expansion/Rebirth of Urban Life
II. Governments of Europe 1000-1150
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
Norman England/Capetian France/The German Empire
III. The Reform of the Western Church
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
The Church in Crisis/Monastic Reform/Papal Reform/Investiture Controversy/Consolidation on Papal Reform
IV. The Crusades
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
Origins/The Motives of the Crusaders/The First Crusade/The Kingdom of Jerusalem/The Later Crusades/Military-Religious Orders/Results of the Crusades
Chapter 9 The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
I. Cultural Developments
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
The Rise of Universities/Scholasticism/Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge/Romanesque Architecture/The Gothic Style/Court Culture
II. The States of Europe
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
England/France/The Iberian Kingdoms/Germany: The Holy Empire
III. The Church
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
The Growth of Heresy/The Suppression of Heresy/The Franciscans/Papal Government
Chapter 10 The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
Urban Government/The Organization of Crafts/The Guilds/Commercial Institutions/Sea Traffic/Urban Life
II. Monarchies and the Development of Representative Institutions
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
England and the Development of Parliament/France and the Consolidation of Rule/The Holy Empire and the Fragmentation of Rule
III.Government in the East
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
The Byzantine Empire/The Mongols/Muscovite Russia
IV. The Papacy and the Church
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
The Papacy/Lay Religious Observance
V. Learning and Literature
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
Philosophy/Dante
Chapter 11 Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
I. Population Catastrophes
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
Demographic Decline/Plague
II. Economic Depression and Recovery
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
Agricultural Specialization/Protectionism/Technological Advances/The Standard of Living
III. Popular Unrest
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
Rural Revolts/Urban Revolts/The Seeds of Discontent
IV. Challenges of the Governments of Europe
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
Roots of Political Unrest/The Nobility and Factional Strife/England, France, and the Hundred Years War/The Tides of the Battle/The Effectors of the Hundred Years War/The States of Italy
VI. The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
The Fall of Constantinople
Chapter 12 Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
I. The New Learning
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
The Founding of Humanism/Humanism in the Fifteenth Century/The Florentine Neoplatonists/The Heritage of the New Learning
II. Art and the Artists in the Italian Renaissance
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
Three Friends/The High Renaissance/Status and Perception
III. The Culture of the North
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
Chivalry and Decay/Contemporary Views of Northern Society/Art and Music
IV. Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
The Modern Way/Social and Scientific Thought
V. The State of Christendom
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
Styles of Piety/Movements of Doctrinal Reform
An electronic version of this book is available through VitalSource.
This book is viewable on PC, Mac, iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch, and most smartphones.
By purchasing, you will be able to view this book online, as well as download it, for the chosen number of days.
Digital License
You are licensing a digital product for a set duration. Durations are set forth in the product description, with "Lifetime" typically meaning five (5) years of online access and permanent download to a supported device. All licenses are non-transferable.
More details can be found here.
A downloadable version of this book is available through the eCampus Reader or compatible Adobe readers.
Applications are available on iOS, Android, PC, Mac, and Windows Mobile platforms.
Please view the compatibility matrix prior to purchase.