Vico: The First New Science

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Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2002-08-12
Publisher(s): Cambridge University Press
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Summary

This account of the basic theme of Vico's mature philosophy explores the question of whether philosophical theories can ever be more than an intellectual expression of the underlying beliefs of an age. The first complete English translation of the 1725 text, Vico's The First New Science ia now accessible to a broad, new readership. It is accompanied by a glossary, bibliography, chronology of Vico's life and expository introduction.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements xvii
Introduction xix
Chronology xxxix
Editor's note xlv
Bibliographical note l
Glossary lvii
The First New Science
1(3)
Idea of the Work
4(3)
BOOK I THE NECESSITY OF THE END AND THE DIFFICULTY OF THE MEANS OF DISCOVERING A NEW SCIENCE 7(28)
Reasons for our meditation on this work
9(2)
Meditation on a New Science
11(1)
The defect of such a Science if based upon the maxims of the Epicureans and Stoics or the practices advocated by Plato
12(1)
This Science is meditated on the basis of the Roman jurisconsults' idea of the natural law of the gentes
13(1)
The defect of such a Science if based upon the systems of Grotius, Selden or Pufendorf
14(4)
Reasons why this Science has hitherto been lacking among the philosophers and philologists
18(2)
The necessity, both human and doctrinal, that the origins of this Science be derived from sacred history
20(1)
The difficulty of discovering the progress or continuity [proper to this Science]
21(1)
[The difficulty of discovering the origins of humanity] from the philosophers
22(3)
[The difficulty of discovering the origins of humanity] from the philologists
25(5)
The necessity to seek the principles of the nature of nations by means of a metaphysics raised to contemplate a certain common mind of all the peoples
30(1)
On the idea of a jurisprudence of mankind
31(1)
The severe difficulties of discovering [the mode of men's first ideas]
32(3)
BOOK II THE PRINCIPLES OF THIS SCIENCE CONCERNING IDEAS 35(112)
[Introduction]
37(1)
The first principle of the nations is Providence
38(1)
The rule of the world of nations is vulgar wisdom
39(1)
The artificer of the world of nations is human will regulated by vulgar wisdom
39(1)
The natural order of human ideas of an eternal justice
40(4)
The natural order of human ideas of a universal justice
44(1)
The natural order of gentile human ideas of divinity through which, depending upon whether they have been kept distinct or communicated, the nations are isolated or in communication with one another
45(3)
The natural order of ideas concerning the law of the nations [as it proceeds] through their own religions, laws, languages, marriages, names, arms and governments
48(18)
Corollary A practical test comparing (the results of] our reasoned principles with the vulgar tradition that the Law of the Twelve Tables came from Athens
57(9)
The idea of an ideal eternal history in accordance with which the histories of all nations proceed through time with certain origins and certain continuity
66(1)
The idea of a new critical art
67(1)
First: through certain kinds of evidence synchronous with the times in which the gentile nations were born
68(1)
Second: through certain kinds of medals belonging to the first peoples, with which the Universal Flood is demonstrated
69(2)
Third: through physical demonstrations which prove that the first origin of profane history lay in the giants and that profane history is continuous with sacred history
71(2)
Fourth: by interpreting the fables in the light of physics, it is discovered that the principle of idolatry and divination common to the Latins, Greeks and Egyptians was born at a certain determinate time after the Flood, and that idolatry and divination were born at an earlier time and of a different principle in the East
73(2)
Fifth: with metaphysical proofs through which it is discovered that the whole theology of the gentiles owes its origins to poetry
75(1)
Through a metaphysics of mankind the great principle of the division of the fields and the first outlines of kingdoms are discovered
76(3)
The origin of nobility is discovered
79(2)
The origin of heroism is discovered
81(1)
This New Science proceeds through a morality of mankind, from which the limits within which the customs of the nations proceed are discovered
82(1)
This New Science proceeds through a politics of mankind, from which it is discovered that the first governments in the state of the families were divine
83(1)
The first fathers in the state of the families are discovered to have been monarchical kings
84(1)
The first kingdoms in the state of the cities are discovered to have been heroic
85(1)
The principle of heroic virtue
86(1)
The principles of all three forms of republic
87(1)
The principles of the first aristocratic republics
87(1)
The discovery of the first families that include others than just their children
88(1)
Determination of the first occupations, usucaptions and mancipations
88(1)
The discovery of the first duels or the first private wars
89(1)
The origin of the genealogies and the nobility of the first gentes
90(1)
The discovery of the first asylums and of the eternal origins of all states
91(1)
The discovery of the first clienteles and the first outlines of surrender in war
92(1)
The discovery of the fiefs of the heroic times
92(1)
The point at which the heroic republics were born from the clienteles
93(1)
The discovery of the first [forms of] peace and the first tributes in the two oldest agrarian laws, which are the respective sources of natural law and civil law and the joint source of sovereign ownership
94(1)
The discovery of the heroic republics that were uniform among the Latins, Greeks and Asians, and of the different origins of the Roman assemblies
95(2)
The discovery of the heroic or aristocratic nature of the Roman kingdom
97(4)
The discovery of the truth concerning the Law of the Twelve Tables as the basis of the greater part of the law, government and history of Rome
101(6)
The eternal principle of human governments in the free republics and the monarchies
107(1)
The natural law of the gentes that proceeds in constant uniformity among the nations
107(1)
The discovery of the divine nature of the first natural law of the gentes
108(1)
The principle of the external justice of war
108(1)
Optimum law as the principle of revenge and the origin of heraldic law
109(1)
The law of the bond as the origin of obligations and the first outlines of reprisals and slavery
110(1)
The religious aspect of the first laws of the nations
111(1)
The discovery that heroic law was the second natural law of the gentes
111(1)
The discovery that ancient Roman law was wholly heroic and the source of Roman virtue and greatness
112(4)
The discovery that human law is the final law of the gentes
116(1)
A demonstration of the truth of the Christian religion and a criticism of the three systems of Grotius, Selden and Pufendorf
117(1)
The idea of a jurisprudence of mankind that changes through certain sects of times
118(1)
The jurisprudence of the sect of superstitious times
119(1)
The discovery of the secrecy of the laws uniform in all the ancient nations
120(1)
A demonstration that the laws were not born of deception
120(1)
The jurisprudence of the sect of heroic times in which the origin of the legitimate acts of the Romans is discovered
121(1)
The origin of the harsh jurisprudence of the ancients
121(2)
The discovery of the causes of the belief that the Law of the Twelve Tables came from Sparta
123(1)
The jurisprudence of the sect of human times and the principle of the benign jurisprudence of the last Romans
124(1)
The discovery of the causes of the belief that the Law of the Twelve Tables came from Athens
125(1)
The discovery of the true elements of history
125(1)
New historical principles of astronomy
126(1)
The idea of a reasoned chronology of the obscure and fabulous times
127(1)
The discovery of new kinds of anachronism and of new principles for their correction
128(2)
New historical principles of geography
130(4)
The discovery of the great principle of the propagation of the nations
134(1)
The discovery of the principle of the colonies and provinces and of Roman, Latin and Italic law
135(3)
The discovery of the mode of the overseas heroic colonies
138(3)
The discovery of the first origin in this Science
141(1)
The origins of recondite wisdom are discovered to lie within those of vulgar wisdom
142(1)
The idea of a civil history of inventions in the sciences, disciplines and arts
143(2)
Determination of the eternal point of the perfect state of the nations
145(2)
BOOK III THE PRINCIPLES OF THIS SCIENCE CONCERNING LANGUAGE 147(78)
[Introduction]
149(1)
New principles of mythology and etymology
149(2)
New principles of poetry
151(1)
Determination of the birth of the first fable, the origin of idolatry and divination
151(1)
The first principle of the divine poetry, i.e. the theology, of the gentiles
152(1)
The discovery of the principle of them poetic characters that constituted the vocabulary of the first [gentile] nations
153(2)
The discovery of the true poetic allegories
155(1)
The idea of a natural theogony
156(1)
[The idea of a reasoned chronology proceeding] from the fables of the gods through those of the heroes to the things of certain history, which were necessary as the perpetual causes that influence effects in the known gentile world
156(2)
Seven principles of the obscurity of the fables. Principle I: Concerning poetic monsters
158(1)
Principle II: Concerning metamorphoses
158(1)
Principle III: Concerning confusion in the fables
159(1)
Principle IV: Concerning changes in the fables
159(1)
Principle V: Concerning the impropriety of the fables that derives from [new] ideas
160(1)
Principle VI: Concerning the impropriety of the fables that derives from [new] words
161(3)
Important discoveries concerning the law of war and peace resulting from the foregoing principle of poetry
164(4)
Principle VII: Concerning the obscurity of the fables: the secrecy of divination
168(1)
The principle of the corruption of the fables
168(2)
The discovery of three ages of heroic poets up to Homer
170(2)
A demonstration of the truth of the Christian religion
172(1)
How the first legislative wisdom was that of the poets
172(1)
Of the divine wisdom and art of Homer
173(2)
How principles of recondite wisdom came to be discovered in the Homeric fables
175(2)
The mode in which the first language among the nations was born divine
177(2)
The mode [of birth] of the first natural languages, i.e. those with natural signification
179(1)
The mode in which the second language of the nations was born heroic
180(1)
The mode in which the poetic language that has come down to us was formed
181(2)
Further principles of poetic reason
183(2)
The discovery of the true origin of the heroic emblems
185(3)
New principles of the science of blazonry
188(1)
The new discovery of the origins of the family ensigns
189(5)
Further origins of military ensigns
194(2)
The heroic origins of the distinguished Order of the Golden Fleece and the royal blazon of France
196(1)
Further principles of the science of medals
197(1)
The language of arms through which the principles of the natural law of the gentes of the Roman jurisconsults are explained
198(6)
The necessity of the language of arms for understanding barbaric history
204(2)
Concerning the third part of poetic language: words of settled meaning
206(1)
The discovery of the common origins of all the articulate languages
207(1)
The discovery of the true causes of the Latin language and, by analogy, of all the others
208(5)
The discovery of the origins of song and verse
213(3)
The idea of an etymologicon common to all native languages
216(1)
The idea of an etymologicon of words of foreign origin
217(1)
The idea of a universal etymologicon for the science of the language of the natural law of the gentes
218(2)
The idea of a dictionary of mental words common to all nations
220(5)
BOOK IV THE GROUND OF THE PROOFS THAT ESTABLISH THIS SCIENCE 225(6)
BOOK V THE FINAL BOOK 231(40)
[Introduction] The order of development of the subject matter through which a philosophy of humanity and a universal history of the nations are formed at one and the same time
233(1)
The uniformity of the course that humanity takes among the nations
234(1)
The origins of this Science found in two Egyptian antiquities
235(1)
The origins of this Science found within those of sacred history
236(1)
Supplement on antediluvian history
237(1)
Compendium of the obscure history of, the Assyrians, Phoenicians and Egyptians
238(1)
The age of the gods of Greece in which the divine origins of all gentile human institutions are found
238(16)
The uniformity of the age of the gods among the ancient gentile nations
254(1)
The age of the Greek heroes
255(7)
The uniformity of the age of the heroes among the ancient nations
262(6)
The age of men
268(3)
CONCLUSION OF THE WORK 271(4)
INDEX 275(16)
Vulgar traditions
277(10)
General discoveries
287(4)
Index 291

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