The Territorial Expansion of the United States At the Expense of Spain and the Hispanic-American Countries,9780761825685

The Territorial Expansion of the United States At the Expense of Spain and the Hispanic-American Countries

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ISBN13: 9780761825685
ISBN10: 0761825681
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2003-07-17
Publisher(s): UPA
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Summary

Originally published in Cuba in 1934, Territorial Expansion of the United States is the first and only English translation of Ramiro Guerra y Sánchez's work. "Yankee imperialism" has generally been identified as the period in American history after the war with Spain and the seizure of the Panama canal zone until the advent of the "good neighbor" policy, as declared by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930's. Guerra is the first historian to point out clearly that "Yankee imperialism" began in the 18th century and continued until the first publication of this book.

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION
Tragic contradictions in the history of Cuba.
The Cuban War of Independence opens the way South for the United States.
Jose Marti's ideals and the realities of History.
United States expansionist movement, a constant in origin and development.
Deep roots of expansionism.
Wall Street, a merely symbolic expression.
New colonization of America and the fate of the peoples of Hispanic origin.
1(14)
BOOK ONE
CHAPTER I.
Theodore Roosevelt's forefathers and precursors.
Primitive Anglo-Saxons.
Similarities between the conquest of England and North America.
From the North Sea coastal swamps to the Western woods.
Racial and psychological unity of European and American Anglo-Saxons.
The exterminating conquerors.
15(12)
CHAPTER II.
First contacts in the West between Spain and the United States.
Conflict of interests between the two countries.
Hatred and scorn of the Norteamericanos for the Spaniards.
Increase in land speculation in the West.
Danger of war and diplomatic struggles.
Spanish concessions.
27(18)
CHAPTER III.
The first great Spanish recoil in America.
Return of Louisiana to France.
The immediate sale of the province to the United States.
Frontiersmen's role according to Theodore Roosevelt.
Toussaint L'Ouverture's resistance to Napoleon Bonaparte: decisive in America's destiny.
The United States between Britain and France.
Jefferson's expansionist diplomacy.
The beginning of Finis Hispaniae.
45(16)
CHAPTER IV.
The United States purchase West Florida, without knowing it or paying for it.
Jefferson completes his method for expansion: an assault at the "difficult moment."
Diplomatic struggles in Washington and Madrid.
Florida's destiny in Bonaparte's hands.
The Paris attempt to acquire Florida.
Napoleon's final refusal and Jefferson's failure.
The Haiti case repeated.
Proclamation of the Republic of West Florida.
Madison consummates the plunder.
An English judgment and Henry Adams' commentary.
61(16)
CHAPTER V.
President Madison's first steps in taking East Florida.
Baton Rouge revolutionary methods applied in Fernandina.
Tortuous diplomacy of intrigue and conquest.
Canada and Florida in the balance.
Russia saves Spain at the difficult moment.
James Monroe continues Madison's Florida policy.
New Occupation of Fernandina.
Jackson invades Florida in 1817.
United States retreat and Adams' threat.
Florida: an illusory peace prize.
The 1819 treaty.
77(18)
BOOK TWO
CHAPTER VI.
Jefferson's interest in acquiring Cuba.
Wilkinson's early moves in Havana.
Canning's opposition to United States acquiring Cuba.
A Cuban proposal for annexation in 1822.
Fear of England contains the United States.
Adams' Cuban policy; its success in Monroe's cabinet.
Instructions to Hugh Nelson in April, 1823.
A typical case of the principle of "patient waiting" and "keeping the prize in weak hands".
Cuba as a trusteeship in the hands of Spain.
95(20)
CHAPTER VII.
The Monroe doctrine and expansionism.
The doctrine's function in conjunction with the principles of "waiting patiently" and "keeping the prize in the weakest hands."
Respective positions of England and the United States in 1823.
Canning's plans to contain the United States and to assure the territorial integrity of the new republics.
Dissent in Monroe's cabinet.
Adams' thesis.
The real objects of the doctrine: exclusion of strong powers, freeing the hands of the United States before weak ones.
Canning's anti-Monroe efforts.
Japan and Monroe.
115(20)
CHAPTER VIII.
Early Western ambitions over Texas.
First attempts on the province.
Texas, part of the Republic of Mexico.
Mexican concessions to the frontier people.
United States' purchase plans.
Mexican defensive reaction.
One method of conquest described by Alaman.
Jackson's ideas regarding Texas.
Sam Houston and Jackson.
Abandonment of the purchase plans.
The revolution on the way.
Remember the Alamo.
Santa Ana's defeat and the independence of Texas.
Recognition of independence and delay of annexation.
Texas under the United States flag.
Roosevelt's judgment.
135(22)
BOOK THREE
CHAPTER IX.
President Polk and "manifest destiny".
New aspects of the expansionist movement.
Polk's plans.
Unto Mexico as unto Spain.
How the frontier war was provoked.
The desire for "All of Mexico".
Reasons deterring Polk.
The first step towards the acquisition of Cuba.
Polk's corollary to Monroe: "America for the Unitedstatesians."
157(16)
CHAPTER X.
The taking of California extends "manifest destiny" to Central America and Panama.
Initial United States attitude towards a canal on the isthmus.
Radical change of policy after the war against Mexico.
English opposition to United States plans.
Advantages for the United States in Panama.
Its compromises with Colombia.
The United States capitulates before the English.
The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty.
Its reach and its effects.
Reasons why the United States had to sign it.
A great opportunity lost for Central America and Colombia.
173(14)
CHAPTER XI.
New attempts at annexation in Cuba, in agreement with the slave-owners in the South.
Taylor and Fillmore's circumstantial opposition.
The United States firm in their desire to acquire Cuba.
Everett's response to the proposal for a guarantee Treaty in Cuba.
Victory of the Democrats and the plan for a quick annexation of Cuba.
Young America and Cuba.
The Black Warrior excuse.
Soulé's mission in Spain.
The Kansas-Nebraska Bill and the Question of Cuba.
Marcy's maneuvers and the Ostende Manifesto.
The failure of Pierce's plans.
Buchanan's imperialism.
New plan to dismember Mexico and acquire Cuba.
The South's total failure.
An historic paradox.
187(26)
BOOK FOUR
CHAPTER XII.
Signs of British withdrawal from Central America and the Caribbean.
Seward's expansionism.
His sights on the Caribbean and the isthmus.
Congressional opposition to Johnson.
Expansionist tendencies during Grant's Presidency.
Canada, Cuba and Santo Domingo.
"The Alabama claims" and the question of Cuba.
Fish's policy towards Cuba.
Facts influencing the same.
Senate's failure to annex Santo Domingo.
Its influence on the Cuban case.
Sickles' mission.
Failure of the fourth attempt to purchase Cuba.
Fish's final hostility towards Cuban revolutionaries.
No results from Grant's expansionism; its causes.
213(16)
CHAPTER XIII.
New United States interest in the isthmus.
The policy of "A United States canal".
The new spirit of expansionism and factors in its favor in the 1890's.
Brusque surge of Monroe-ism in 1895.
The United States, sovereign of America.
The Venezuela question; danger of an Anglo-American break.
Lord Salisbury abandons the policy of rivalry.
A free hand for the United States in Cuba.
The Cuban question in 1896.
Olney and Cleveland's policy.
Mediation and autonomy, purchase Cuba or expel Spain through war.
Cleveland's imperialism.
Cleveland administration outlines United States policy in Cuba.
The fifth attempt to buy Cuba.
229(22)
CHAPTER XIV.
McKinley's policy on the Cuban question.
Initial attempt to purchase.
The road to intervention.
First deadline for Spain to end the war.
Weyler relieved and Cuban autonomy begins.
Spain rejects the right of intervention.
United States decisions during the month of February, 1898.
Secret proposal to purchase Cuba.
First Spanish refusal.
Woodford and Moret.
Woodford's proposal to purchase Cuba.
Spain's final refusal.
Gullón's accusatory allusions.
Day's harsh reply.
Uncle Sam: Don Quixote.
The reason for the war.
United States expansion without obstacles.
251(30)
BOOK FIVE
CHAPTER XV.
A time of plenty in the United States at the beginning of 1898.
Captain Mahan's imperialist philosophy.
A new program of annexations.
"Manifest destiny" in 1898.
Policy of the Cuban revolutionary Governing Council.
McKinley's desire for a free hand for the United States.
United States public opinion and Cuba.
The political struggle in Congress and the 1898 Joint Resolution.
McKinley's defeat.
Cuba is, and by rights should be, free and independent.
Situation of the Cuban revolutionaries when the war ended.
Dissolution of the revolution's civil and military organizations.
McKinley: master of the field.
The United States returns to its historic policy: the Platt Amendment.
281(24)
CHAPTER XVI.
Derogation of the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty.
The New Panama Canal Company; its moves in the United States.
United States negotiations with Colombia.
The Hay-Herran Treaty.
The New Company cheats Colombia.
Colombian resistance to ratifying the Treaty.
United States threat.
Roosevelt's plan to take the canal.
Panamanian aspirations for independence.
The New Company and the Panamanian revolutionaries.
United States support for the Panamanian revolutionaries.
The Hay- Bunau -Varilla Treaty.
Conditions under which it was signed.
Roosevelt's confession.
Indemnization of Colombia.
Oil and Justice.
305(20)
CHAPTER XVII.
United States danger zone at the beginning of the 20th century.
Plattism and interventionism: their aims.
The Nicaraguan case; Root's policy, Knox, their antecedents, the end of dollar diplomacy.
Knox and Zelaya.
The Nicaraguan revolution and the Dawson accords.
Adolfo Diaz in power; his Treaty with Knox.
Root's doubts about the legality and morality of the Bryan-Chamorro Treaty.
El Salvador and Costa Rica's opposition to the Treaty.
Central American Court of Justice's finding; dissolution of the Court.
Nicaragua's Calvary.
Final triumph of the Liberals.
Small scale racketeering and large scale racketeering.
325(30)
CHAPTER XVIII.
Tendencies to historic prediction and the uncertainty thereof.
Statements useless to judge future.
Constant contradiction between theoretical statements and reality.
Facts, not words, the basis of judgment.
Current United States position.
The United States at a crossroads of imperialism because of the problem in the Pacific.
New United States attitude towards Hispanic America.
The good neighbor policy; its deep economic causes.
On closing one cycle of strategic expansion, another opens up for the conquest of markets in countries to the South.
New aims mean new procedure.
Contradictions within the new policy and the latent dangers of surreptitious interventions.
The recent case of Cuba.
The removal of Machado; economic-political causes that determined it.
Do unto Grau San Martin as you did unto Machado.
Wall Street off stage.
Protection of industrial capital of the United States.
Anti-Yankee sentiment in Hispanic America in the current problem.
Difficult neutrality for United States diplomacy.
Weak guarantee of public opinion in the United States.
The "good neighbor" fist can rear again.
355(26)
EPILOGUE 381(12)
BIBLIOGRAPHY 393

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