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Surface and Interface Physics: Its Definition and Importance |
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1 | (33) |
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Panel I: Ultrahigh Vacuum (UHV) Technology |
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6 | (13) |
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Panel II: Basicsof Particle Optics and Spectroscopy |
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19 | (12) |
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31 | (2) |
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Preparation of Well-Defined Surfaces, Interfaces and Thin Films |
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33 | (44) |
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Why is Ultrahigh Vacuum Used? |
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33 | (2) |
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35 | (3) |
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Ion Bombardment and Annealing |
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38 | (2) |
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Evaporation and Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) |
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40 | (13) |
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Epitaxy by Means of Chemical Reactions |
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53 | (24) |
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Panel III: Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) |
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59 | (7) |
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Panel IV: Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) |
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66 | (9) |
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75 | (2) |
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Morphology and Structure of Surfaces, Interfaces and Thin Films |
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77 | (70) |
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Surface Energy and Macroscopic Shape |
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77 | (6) |
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Relaxation, Reconstruction, and Defects |
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83 | (6) |
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Two-Dimensional Lattices, Superstructure, and Reciprocal Space |
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89 | (5) |
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Surface Lattices and Superstructures |
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89 | (4) |
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93 | (1) |
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Structural Models of Solid Solid Interfaces |
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94 | (6) |
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Nucleation and Growth of Thin Films |
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100 | (7) |
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100 | (3) |
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``Capillary Model'' of Nucleation |
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103 | (4) |
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Film-Growth Studies: Experimental Methods and Some Results |
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107 | (40) |
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Panel V: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Microprobe Techniques |
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121 | (7) |
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Panel VI: Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) |
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128 | (11) |
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Panel VII: Surface Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (Sexafs) |
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139 | (6) |
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145 | (2) |
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Scattering from Surfaces and Thin Films |
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147 | (82) |
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Kinematic Theory of Surface Scattering |
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148 | (5) |
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The Kinematic Theory of Low-Energy Electron Diffraction |
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153 | (3) |
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What Can We Learn from Inspection of a LEED Pattern? |
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156 | (5) |
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Dynamic LEED Theory, and Structure Analysis |
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161 | (6) |
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162 | (2) |
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Multiple-Scattering Formalism |
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164 | (2) |
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166 | (1) |
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Kinematics of an Inelastic Surface Scattering Experiment |
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167 | (4) |
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Dielectric Theory of Inelastic Electron Scattering |
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171 | (10) |
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172 | (3) |
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175 | (6) |
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Dielectric Scattering on a Thin Surface Layer |
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181 | (5) |
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Some Experimental Examples of Inelastic Scattering of Low-Energy Electrons at Surfaces |
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186 | (6) |
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The Classical Limit of Particle Scattering |
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192 | (3) |
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Conservation Laws for Atomic Collisions: Chemical Surface Analysis |
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195 | (3) |
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Rutherford BackScattering (RBS): Channeling and Blocking |
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198 | (31) |
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Panel VIII: Low-Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) and Reflection High-Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED) |
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210 | (9) |
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Panel IX: Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) |
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219 | (8) |
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227 | (2) |
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229 | (36) |
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The Existence of ``Surface'' Lattice Vibrations on a Linear Chain |
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230 | (4) |
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Extension to a Three-Dimensional Solid with a Surface |
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234 | (4) |
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238 | (3) |
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The Use of Rayleigh Waves as High-Frequency Filters |
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241 | (1) |
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Surface-Phonon (Plasmon) Polaritons |
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242 | (11) |
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Dispersion Curves from Experiment and from Realistic Calculations |
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253 | (12) |
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Panel X: Atom and Molecular Beam Scattering |
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258 | (6) |
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264 | (1) |
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Electronic Surface States |
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265 | (64) |
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Surface States for a Semi-Infinite Chain in the Nearly-Free Electron Model |
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266 | (5) |
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Surface States of a 3D Crystal and their Charging Character |
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271 | (4) |
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271 | (3) |
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274 | (1) |
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Aspects of Photoemission Theory |
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275 | (13) |
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275 | (4) |
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Angle-Integrated Photoemission |
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279 | (2) |
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Bulk- and Surface-State Emission |
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281 | (2) |
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Symmetry of Initial States and Selection Rules |
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283 | (2) |
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285 | (3) |
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Some Surface-State Band Structures for Metals |
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288 | (13) |
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s- and p-like Surface States |
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289 | (3) |
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292 | (5) |
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Empty and Image-Potential Surface States |
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297 | (4) |
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Surface States on Semiconductors |
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301 | (28) |
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302 | (9) |
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III-V Compound Semiconductors |
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311 | (5) |
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II-VI Compound Semiconductors |
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316 | (3) |
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Panel XI: Photoemission and Inverse Photoemission |
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319 | (9) |
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328 | (1) |
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Space-Charge Layers at Semiconductor Interfaces |
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329 | (52) |
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Origin and Classification of Space-Charge Layers |
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329 | (5) |
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The Schottky Depletion Space-Charge Layer |
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334 | (3) |
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337 | (2) |
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Space-Charge Layers on Highly Degenerate Semiconductors |
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339 | (1) |
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The General Case of a Space-Charge Layer |
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340 | (3) |
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Quantized Accumulation and Inversion Layers |
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343 | |
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Some Particular Interfaces and Their Surface Potentials |
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318 | (39) |
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The Silicon MOS Field-Effect Transistor |
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357 | (5) |
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Magnetic Field Induced Quantization |
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362 | (3) |
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365 | (16) |
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Panel XII: Optical Surface Techniques |
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368 | (12) |
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380 | (1) |
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Metal-Semiconductor Junctions and Semiconductor Heterostructures |
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381 | (56) |
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General Principles Governing the Electronic Structure of Solid Solid Interfaces |
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381 | (8) |
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Metal-Induced Gap States (MIGS) at the Metal Semiconductor Interface |
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389 | (8) |
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Virtual Induced Gap States (VIGS) at the Semiconductor Heterointerface |
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397 | (4) |
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Structure- and Chemistry-Dependent Models of Interface States |
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401 | (7) |
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Some Applications of Metal Semiconductor Junctions and Semiconductor Heterostructures |
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408 | (11) |
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408 | (2) |
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Semiconductor Heterojunctions and Modulation Doping |
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410 | (6) |
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The High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) |
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416 | (3) |
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Quantum Effects in 2D Electron Gases at Semiconductor Interfaces |
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419 | (18) |
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Panel XIII: Electrical Measurements of Schottky - Barrier Heights and Band Offsets |
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427 | (7) |
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434 | (3) |
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Collective Phenomena at Interfaces: Superconductivity and Ferromagnetism |
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437 | (62) |
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Superconductivity at Interfaces |
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438 | (19) |
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439 | (3) |
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Fundamentals of Superconductivity |
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442 | (5) |
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447 | (3) |
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A Simple Model for Transport Through a Normal Conductor Superconductor Interface |
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450 | (7) |
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Josephson Junctions with Ballistic Transport |
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457 | (9) |
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457 | (3) |
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Josephson Currents and Andreev Levels |
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460 | (5) |
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Subharmonic Gap Structures |
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465 | (1) |
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An Experimental Example of a Superconductor-Semiconductor 2DEG Superconductor Josephson Junction |
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466 | (9) |
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Preparation of the Nb-2DEG-Nb Junction |
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467 | (1) |
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Critical Currents Through the Nb-2DEG-Nb Junction |
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468 | (2) |
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The Current Carrying Regime |
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470 | (2) |
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Supercurrent Control by Non-equilibrium Carriers |
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472 | (3) |
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Ferromagnetism at Surfaces and Within Thin Films |
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475 | (9) |
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The Band Model of Ferromagnetism |
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475 | (3) |
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Ferromagnetism in Reduced Dimensions |
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478 | (6) |
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Magnetic Quantum Well States |
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484 | (5) |
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Magnetic Interlayer Coupling |
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489 | (2) |
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491 | (8) |
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497 | (2) |
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Adsorption on Solid Surfaces |
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499 | (44) |
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499 | (3) |
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502 | (5) |
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Work-Function Changes Induced by Adsorbates |
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507 | (6) |
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Two-Dimensional Phase Transitions in Adsorbate Layers |
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513 | (7) |
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520 | (23) |
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Panel XIV: Desorption Techniques |
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526 | (8) |
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Panel XV: Kelvin-Probe and Photoemission Measurements for the Study of Work Function Changes and Semiconductor Interfaces |
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534 | (8) |
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542 | (1) |
References |
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543 | (12) |
Subject Index |
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555 | |