PART A: CONTEXT OF RELIABILITY ANALYSIS |
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3 | (28) |
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3 | (1) |
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Illustrative Examples of Products and Systems |
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4 | (8) |
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Incandescent Electric Bulb |
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6 | (1) |
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Hydraulically Operated Fail-Safe Gate Valve |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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Brake Mechanism for Train Wagons |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (4) |
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12 | (1) |
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System and Product Deterioration and Failure |
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12 | (6) |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (1) |
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Failure Causes and Severity |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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Concepts and History of Reliability |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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A Brief History of Reliability |
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19 | (1) |
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Product Life Cycle and Reliability |
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19 | (2) |
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21 | (2) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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Manufacturer's Perspective |
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23 | (1) |
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Framework for Solving Reliability Related Problems |
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24 | (3) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (2) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (4) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (2) |
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Illustrative Cases and Data Sets |
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31 | (36) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (34) |
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Reliability of a Simple Part |
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33 | (2) |
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Reliability of a Major Component (Incomplete Data) |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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Industrial Product Sold in Batches |
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39 | (2) |
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Tensile Strength of Fibers |
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41 | (2) |
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Reliability of Hydraulic Systems |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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Air Conditioning Unit Failures |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (2) |
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47 | (2) |
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49 | (2) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (3) |
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54 | (1) |
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Offshore Oil Exploration Equipment |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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Breaking Strengths of Single and Bundled Fibers |
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56 | (1) |
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Breaking Strengths of Carbon Fibers in Resin |
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56 | (1) |
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Stress Fatigue Failures, Tungsten Alloy |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (4) |
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Aircraft Radar Component Failures |
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60 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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Failures of Electronic Modules |
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61 | (2) |
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Nuclear Power Plant Cooling System |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (3) |
PART B: BASIC RELIABILITY METHODOLOGY |
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Collection and Preliminary Analysis of Failure Data |
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67 | (26) |
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67 | (1) |
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Data-Based Reliability Analysis |
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68 | (4) |
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68 | (1) |
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Types of Data and Data Sources |
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69 | (2) |
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Use of Data in Reliability Analysis |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (2) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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Test Data on Product Lifetimes (Failure Data) |
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74 | (2) |
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Complete and Incomplete Data |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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Effect of Data Structure on Statistical Analysis |
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76 | (3) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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Basic Descriptive Statistics |
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79 | (10) |
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79 | (3) |
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82 | (4) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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Interpretation of the Mean and Standard Deviation |
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88 | (1) |
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Other Data Characteristics |
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88 | (1) |
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Preliminary Analysis of Reliability Data |
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89 | (4) |
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Description and Summarization of Pass/Fail Data |
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89 | (1) |
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Description and Summarization of Complete Failure Data |
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89 | (1) |
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Description and Summarization of Incomplete Failure Data |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (3) |
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Probability Distributions for Modeling Time to Failure |
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93 | (42) |
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93 | (1) |
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Random Variables and Probability Distributions |
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94 | (4) |
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94 | (1) |
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Distribution and Density Functions |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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Basic Discrete Distributions |
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98 | (5) |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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Negative Binomial Distribution |
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100 | (1) |
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Hypergeometric Distribution |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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Continuous Distributions---I (Basic Distributions) |
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103 | (8) |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (2) |
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106 | (2) |
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Normal (Gaussian) Distribution |
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108 | (1) |
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Inverse Gaussian Distribution |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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Continuous Distributions---II (Derived Distributions) |
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111 | (4) |
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Lognormal Distribution (Category A) |
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111 | (2) |
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Three Parameter Weibull Distribution (Category B) |
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113 | (1) |
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Truncated Gumbel Distribution of the Smallest Extreme |
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113 | (1) |
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Distribution Derived from Gumbel Distribution of the Largest Extreme (Category A) |
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113 | (1) |
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Exponentiated Weibull Distribution (Category B) |
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114 | (1) |
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Continuous Distributions---III (Involving Several Basic Distributions) |
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115 | (4) |
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Mixtures of Distributions |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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Special Case: K = 2 and Weibull Distributions |
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117 | (2) |
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Classification of Failure Distributions |
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119 | (5) |
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Definitions and Classification |
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120 | (2) |
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122 | (2) |
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Shapes of Density Functions |
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124 | (1) |
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Shapes of Failure-Rate Functions |
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125 | (4) |
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Failure-Rate Classification |
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125 | (3) |
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128 | (1) |
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Effect of Environmental Factors |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (5) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (4) |
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Basic Statistical Methods for Data Analysis |
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135 | (34) |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (12) |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (4) |
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Maximum Likelihood Estimators |
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143 | (5) |
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Confidence Interval Estimation |
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148 | (5) |
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148 | (2) |
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Confidence Intervals for the Parameters of Distributions Used in Reliability |
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150 | (3) |
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Estimation of Functions of Parameters |
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153 | (2) |
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153 | (1) |
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Functions of Random Variables |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (2) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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Tolerance Intervals for the Exponential Distribution |
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156 | (1) |
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Nonparametric Tolerance Intervals |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (12) |
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157 | (2) |
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Testing Hypotheses About the Mean of a Normal Distribution |
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159 | (2) |
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Relationship Between Hypothesis Testing and Confidence Interval Estimation |
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161 | (1) |
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Suggested Approach to Testing Hypotheses |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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162 | (7) |
PART C: RELIABILITY MODELING, ESTIMATION, AND PREDICTION |
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Modeling Failures at the Component Level |
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169 | (32) |
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169 | (1) |
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Modeling Failure Mechanisms |
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170 | (1) |
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Overstress Failure Mechanisms |
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171 | (2) |
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Large Elastic Deformation |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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Wearout Failure Mechanisms |
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173 | (2) |
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Fatigue Crack Initiation and Growth |
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173 | (1) |
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Diffusion and Interdiffusion |
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174 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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Static Reliability: Stress---Strength Models |
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175 | (2) |
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Deterministic Stress and Random Strength |
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176 | (1) |
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Random Stress and Strength |
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176 | (1) |
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Modeling Failure Based on the Failure Mechanism |
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177 | (9) |
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Overstress Failure Modeling |
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178 | (3) |
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Wear-out Failure Modeling |
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181 | (3) |
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Wear-out Modeling with Sudden Failure |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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Modeling Failures of Repaired Items |
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187 | (3) |
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187 | (2) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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Modeling Failures over Time |
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190 | (4) |
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190 | (2) |
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192 | (2) |
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Modeling Environmental Effect |
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194 | (4) |
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Arrhenius Life-Temperature Relationship |
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194 | (2) |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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Proportional Hazard Models |
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197 | (1) |
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Modeling Failures of Intermittently Used Items |
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198 | (3) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (2) |
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Modeling and Analysis of Multicomponent Systems |
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201 | (42) |
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201 | (1) |
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System Characterization and Failures |
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202 | (3) |
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202 | (2) |
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204 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis |
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207 | (2) |
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209 | (11) |
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Definition of the TOP Event |
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210 | (1) |
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210 | (4) |
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214 | (5) |
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219 | (1) |
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Reliability Block Diagram Representations and Analysis |
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220 | (8) |
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Link to Fault Tree Representation |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (2) |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (2) |
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226 | (2) |
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Reliability and Structural Importance of a Component |
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228 | (2) |
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Structural Importance of Components |
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228 | (1) |
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Reliability Importance of Components |
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229 | (1) |
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Markovian Model Formulations |
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230 | (5) |
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230 | (1) |
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230 | (5) |
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235 | (1) |
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235 | (4) |
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Multivariate Distribution Models |
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235 | (2) |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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Failure Interaction Models |
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239 | (4) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (3) |
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Advanced Statistical Methods for Data Analysis |
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243 | (44) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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Estimating the Mean and Variance Using Grouped Data |
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244 | (1) |
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Maximum Likelihood Estimation Using Grouped Data |
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245 | (1) |
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Analysis of Censored Data |
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245 | |
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246 | (1) |
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Inference for Censored Data |
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246 | (1) |
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Application to Selected Failure Distributions |
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247 | (7) |
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Related Analyses and Results |
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254 | |
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Bayesian Statistical Analysis |
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2543B | (262) |
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Concept and Basic Approach |
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255 | (3) |
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Bayes Estimation for Selected Distributions |
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258 | (2) |
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Bayesian Probability Intervals |
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260 | (2) |
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Use of Aggregated Data in Reliability Analysis |
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262 | (3) |
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262 | (1) |
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Formulation of Prior Distributions |
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263 | (2) |
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Estimation of System Reliability |
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265 | (11) |
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265 | (1) |
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Inferences Based on Life Test Data |
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265 | (4) |
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Estimation of System Reliability from Component Reliabilities |
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269 | (4) |
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Bayesian Analysis of MultiComponent Systems |
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273 | (3) |
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Other Inference Problems in Reliability |
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276 | (11) |
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Estimation in Stress-Strength Analysis |
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276 | (2) |
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278 | (1) |
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Estimation of Parameters of Intensity Functions |
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279 | (2) |
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281 | (2) |
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283 | (4) |
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287 | (32) |
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287 | (2) |
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The Need for Reliable Software |
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287 | (2) |
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289 | (1) |
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Software Quality and Reliability Issues |
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289 | (7) |
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289 | (1) |
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Types and Severity of Errors in Software |
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290 | (3) |
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Hardware Versus Software Reliability |
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293 | (1) |
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Dimensions of Software Quality |
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294 | (1) |
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Software Quality and Reliability Standards |
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295 | (1) |
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Design of Reliable Software |
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296 | (3) |
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296 | (1) |
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Software Reliability Requirements and Specifications |
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297 | (1) |
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Software Reliability Engineering |
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297 | (2) |
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Software Quality Assurance |
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299 | (1) |
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Modeling and Measurement of Software Reliability |
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299 | (11) |
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299 | (2) |
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Software Reliability Models |
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301 | (6) |
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Estimation of Model Parameters and Software Reliability |
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307 | (3) |
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Estimation of the Number of Remaining Defects |
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310 | (1) |
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Software Testing Procedures |
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310 | (5) |
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Basic Principles of Software Testing |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (2) |
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Tools for Testing Software |
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314 | (1) |
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Management of Software Reliability |
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315 | (4) |
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317 | (2) |
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Design of Experiments and Analysis of Variance |
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319 | (56) |
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319 | (2) |
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Basic Concepts of Experimentation |
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321 | (4) |
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Experimentation and the Scientific Method |
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321 | (1) |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
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Mathematical Models in DOE |
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324 | (1) |
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Approach to Designing an Experiment |
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324 | (1) |
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Some Basic Experimental Designs |
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325 | (9) |
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The Completely Randomized Design |
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325 | (1) |
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Randomized Block and Latin Square Designs |
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326 | (1) |
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327 | (4) |
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Other Experimental Designs |
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331 | (3) |
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Analysis of Variance I. The Completely Randomized Design |
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334 | (11) |
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Objectives, Models, and Assumptions of ANOVA |
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334 | (1) |
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ANOVA for the CRD, Test Statistics and Interpretation |
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335 | (4) |
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339 | (1) |
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340 | (4) |
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344 | (1) |
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Analysis of Variance II. Factorial Experiments |
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345 | (4) |
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The Completely Randomized Design |
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345 | (3) |
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Other Experimental Designs |
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348 | (1) |
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Analysis of Variance III. Complete Block Designs |
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349 | (4) |
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ANOVA for the Randomized Complete Block Design |
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349 | (1) |
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ANOVA for the Latin Square Design |
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350 | (1) |
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ANOVA for the Split-Plot Design |
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351 | (2) |
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Analysis of Variance IV. BIBD and Fractional Factorial Designs |
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353 | (5) |
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Balanced Incomplete Block Designs |
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353 | (1) |
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Fractional Factorial Designs |
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354 | (3) |
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357 | (1) |
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Regression, Correlation, and Covariance Analysis |
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358 | (11) |
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358 | (1) |
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The Linear Regression Model and Assumptions |
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358 | (3) |
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Inferences in Linear Regression |
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361 | (6) |
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367 | (1) |
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368 | (1) |
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369 | (6) |
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370 | (1) |
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370 | (5) |
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Model Selection and Validation |
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375 | (52) |
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375 | (2) |
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377 | (19) |
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377 | (1) |
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Probability Plots, Complete Data |
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378 | (4) |
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Hazard Plots, Complete Data |
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382 | (5) |
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Graphical Estimation of Parameters |
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387 | (6) |
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393 | (3) |
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396 | (10) |
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396 | (1) |
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Fitting Discrete Distributions: The Chi-Square Test |
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397 | (2) |
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Fitting Continuous Distributions, General Approaches |
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399 | (2) |
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Fitting Specific Continuous Distributions, Parameters Unknown |
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401 | (5) |
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406 | (10) |
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Selection of a Life Distribution |
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406 | (7) |
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413 | (1) |
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Interpretation of Lack of Fit: Alternative Models |
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413 | (1) |
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414 | (2) |
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416 | (11) |
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416 | (2) |
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Data-Based Model Validation |
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418 | (2) |
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420 | (1) |
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421 | (6) |
PART D: RELIABILITY MANAGEMENT, IMPROVEMENT, AND OPTIMIZATION |
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427 | (40) |
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427 | (1) |
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428 | (2) |
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Manufacturer's and Buyer's Points of View |
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429 | (1) |
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Product Life Cycle for Reliability Management |
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430 | (1) |
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430 | (3) |
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430 | (2) |
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Planning and Implementation |
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432 | (1) |
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433 | (1) |
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433 | (2) |
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Total Quality Management (TQM) |
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435 | (2) |
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435 | (1) |
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436 | (1) |
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Strategic Reliability Management (Manufacturer's Perspective) |
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437 | (4) |
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Customer Durables and Commercial and Industrial Products |
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437 | (4) |
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Specialized Defense Products |
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441 | (1) |
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Strategic Reliability Management (Buyer's Perspective) |
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441 | (3) |
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Commercial and Industrial Products |
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442 | (2) |
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444 | (1) |
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444 | (8) |
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444 | (1) |
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445 | (1) |
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446 | (1) |
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446 | (1) |
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446 | (2) |
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448 | (1) |
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Norwegian Petroleum Industry |
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448 | (2) |
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Other Standards for Commercial Products |
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450 | (1) |
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451 | (1) |
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Reliability, Risk and Liability |
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452 | (1) |
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452 | (1) |
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452 | (1) |
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453 | (2) |
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453 | (1) |
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454 | (1) |
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An Illustrative Example of an Integrated Model |
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|
455 | (2) |
|
Quantitative Approach to Reliability Management |
|
|
457 | (3) |
|
|
460 | (2) |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
|
463 | (4) |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
|
463 | (4) |
|
|
467 | (44) |
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
|
468 | (2) |
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
Reliability Engineer and Associated Tasks |
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
Design for Reliability (DFR) |
|
|
470 | (3) |
|
|
473 | (12) |
|
|
473 | (5) |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
Detailed Design and Development |
|
|
479 | (5) |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
Reliability Allocation and Apportionment |
|
|
485 | (3) |
|
Approaches to Reliability Allocation |
|
|
485 | (3) |
|
Optimal Reliability Allocation |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
Designing at the Component Level |
|
|
488 | (4) |
|
Designing for Static Reliability |
|
|
489 | (2) |
|
Designing for Dynamic Reliability |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
Manufacturing and Reliability Degradation |
|
|
492 | (7) |
|
Reliability Characterization on Nonconforming Items |
|
|
493 | (2) |
|
Modeling Occurrence on Nonconforming Items |
|
|
495 | (4) |
|
Control of Reliability Degradation |
|
|
499 | (3) |
|
Weeding Out Nonconforming Items |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
Prevention of the Occurrence of Nonconforming Items |
|
|
500 | (2) |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
|
502 | (2) |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
Testing During Manufacturing |
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
|
504 | (7) |
|
Weeding Out Nonconforming Items |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
|
505 | (2) |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
|
508 | (3) |
|
Reliability Prediction and Assessment |
|
|
511 | (26) |
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
Context of Product Reliability Prediction and Assessment |
|
|
512 | (5) |
|
|
512 | (1) |
|
Illustrative Cases of Products and Systems |
|
|
513 | (3) |
|
Target values for reliability |
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
Reliability Evaluation over the Product Life Cycle |
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
|
517 | (8) |
|
Importance of Reliability Prediction |
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
Prediction at the Conceptual Stage of Design |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
Tools for Failure Analysis |
|
|
518 | (2) |
|
Methods of Reliability Prediction |
|
|
520 | (2) |
|
|
522 | (2) |
|
Prediction at Later Stages |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
|
526 | (5) |
|
Design of Accelerated Tests |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
Models for data from Accelerated Tests |
|
|
527 | (3) |
|
Analysis of Data from Accelerated Tests |
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
|
531 | (6) |
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
|
534 | (3) |
|
|
537 | (22) |
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
Active (Hot Standby) Redundancy |
|
|
538 | (4) |
|
|
538 | (2) |
|
Partial Active Redundancy |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
Component versus System-Level Redundancy |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
Limitations of Active Redundancy |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
|
542 | (3) |
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
|
545 | (2) |
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
|
547 | (2) |
|
Discrete Reliability Growth Models |
|
|
549 | (3) |
|
Weiss Reliability Growth Model |
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
Lloyd-Lipow Reliability Growth Model |
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
|
551 | (1) |
|
Generalized Hyperbolic Model |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
Continuous Reliability Improvement Models |
|
|
552 | (7) |
|
The Duane Reliability-Growth Model |
|
|
552 | (2) |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
Other Continuous Reliability-Growth Models |
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
|
556 | (3) |
|
Maintenance of Unreliable Systems |
|
|
559 | (30) |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
Approaches to Maintenance |
|
|
560 | (4) |
|
Reliability-Centered Maintenance |
|
|
560 | (3) |
|
Total Productive Maintenance |
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
Maintenance Classification and Costs |
|
|
564 | (3) |
|
Maintenance Classification |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
Optimal Maintenance Actions (Policies) |
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
Maintenance Models at the Part Level |
|
|
567 | (10) |
|
|
567 | (8) |
|
Incomplete Information---I (Component State Unknown) |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
Incomplete Information---II (Parameters Unknown) |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
Maintenance Models at the System Level |
|
|
577 | (6) |
|
Model 16.1 (Discrete Time Formulation) |
|
|
577 | (2) |
|
Model 16.2 (Continuous Time Formulation) |
|
|
579 | (2) |
|
Model 16.3 (Point Process Formulation) |
|
|
581 | (2) |
|
Maintainability and Logistics |
|
|
583 | (2) |
|
|
583 | (1) |
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
Maintenance Management Information Systems |
|
|
585 | (4) |
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
|
586 | (3) |
|
Warranties and Service Contracts |
|
|
589 | (30) |
|
|
589 | (1) |
|
Warranty---Concept and Role |
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
Classification of Warranties |
|
|
591 | (4) |
|
|
592 | (2) |
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
|
595 | (11) |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
Two Notions of Warranty Cost |
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
|
597 | (4) |
|
|
601 | (3) |
|
|
604 | (2) |
|
Warranty Cost with Dynamic Sales |
|
|
606 | (5) |
|
Product Sales over the Life Cycle |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
Warranty Reserves (PRW Policy) |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
Demand for Spares (FRW Policy) |
|
|
608 | (2) |
|
Demand for Repairs (FRW Policy) |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
Redundancy and Product Warranty |
|
|
611 | (4) |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
Hot Standby (Active Redundancy) |
|
|
612 | (1) |
|
Cold Standby (Passive Redundancy) |
|
|
613 | (2) |
|
Extended Warranties and Service Contracts |
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
|
615 | (4) |
|
|
617 | (1) |
|
|
617 | (2) |
|
|
619 | (42) |
|
|
619 | (1) |
|
Optimization During Design and Development |
|
|
620 | (8) |
|
Optimal Reliability Allocation |
|
|
620 | (2) |
|
Optimal Reliability Choice |
|
|
622 | (5) |
|
Optimal Reliability Development |
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
Optimization During Manufacturing |
|
|
628 | (11) |
|
|
628 | (6) |
|
|
634 | (5) |
|
Optimal Maintenance of Unreliable Systems |
|
|
639 | (8) |
|
|
639 | (4) |
|
|
643 | (4) |
|
Optimal Warranty Decisions |
|
|
647 | (7) |
|
Optimal Reliability and Warranty Duration |
|
|
648 | (1) |
|
Optimal Repair vs Replace Strategies in Warranty Servicing |
|
|
649 | (2) |
|
Cost Repair Limit Strategy |
|
|
651 | (3) |
|
Analysis of an Integrated Model |
|
|
654 | (7) |
|
|
656 | (1) |
|
|
657 | (4) |
PART E: EPILOGUE |
|
|
|
661 | (32) |
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
Reliability Analysis of Aircraft Windshields |
|
|
662 | (19) |
|
Background and Problem Statement |
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
Data Structure and Analysis |
|
|
663 | (8) |
|
Estimation of Warranty Costs |
|
|
671 | (5) |
|
|
676 | (3) |
|
|
679 | (2) |
|
Reliability Analysis of Case 2.5 |
|
|
681 | (12) |
|
|
682 | (1) |
|
|
682 | (6) |
|
|
688 | (1) |
|
|
689 | (1) |
|
|
689 | (4) |
|
|
693 | (32) |
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
Journals and Conference Proceedings |
|
|
693 | (4) |
|
Reliability Related Standards |
|
|
697 | (4) |
|
Standards Classified by Application |
|
|
697 | (1) |
|
Standards Classified by Origin |
|
|
697 | (2) |
|
|
699 | (1) |
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
|
701 | (16) |
|
Reliability Data Base Structures |
|
|
702 | (1) |
|
Component Event Data Bases |
|
|
702 | (8) |
|
|
710 | (2) |
|
Generic Component Reliability Data Bases |
|
|
712 | (3) |
|
|
715 | (2) |
|
|
717 | (6) |
|
General Statistical Software Packages |
|
|
717 | (1) |
|
General Reliability Software Packages |
|
|
718 | (3) |
|
Specific Reliability Software |
|
|
721 | (2) |
|
|
723 | (2) |
|
|
724 | (1) |
Appendix A. Probability |
|
725 | (10) |
|
A.1 Introduction to Probability Theory |
|
|
725 | (2) |
|
1.1 Sample Space and Events |
|
|
725 | (1) |
|
1.2 Probabilities Defined on Events |
|
|
726 | (1) |
|
1.3 Conditional Probabilities |
|
|
726 | (1) |
|
|
727 | (1) |
|
1.5 Distribution and Density Functions |
|
|
727 | (1) |
|
A.2 Moment-Generating and Characteristic Functions |
|
|
727 | (1) |
|
2.1 Moment Generating Functions |
|
|
727 | (1) |
|
2.2 Characteristic Functions |
|
|
728 | (1) |
|
A.3 Two or More Random Variables |
|
|
728 | (3) |
|
3.1 Joint, Marginal and Conditional Distribution and Density Functions |
|
|
729 | (1) |
|
3.2 Moments of Two Random Variables |
|
|
729 | (1) |
|
3.3 Conditional Expectation |
|
|
730 | (1) |
|
3.4 Sums of Independent Random Variables |
|
|
730 | (1) |
|
3.5 Central Limit Theorem |
|
|
731 | (1) |
|
|
731 | (1) |
|
A.5 Functions of Random Variables |
|
|
732 | (3) |
|
5.1 Asymptotic Mean and Variance of a Function of Random Variables |
|
|
732 | (1) |
|
5.2 Sums of Random Variables |
|
|
733 | (1) |
|
5.3 Distribution of a Product |
|
|
733 | (1) |
|
5.4 Ratio of Two Random Variables |
|
|
734 | (1) |
Appendix B. Introduction to Stochastic Processes |
|
735 | (14) |
|
|
735 | (2) |
|
|
735 | (1) |
|
|
735 | (1) |
|
1.3 Classification of Stochastic Processes |
|
|
736 | (1) |
|
|
737 | (1) |
|
2.1 Discrete Time Markov Chains |
|
|
737 | (1) |
|
2.2 Continuous Time Markov Chains |
|
|
737 | (1) |
|
|
737 | (9) |
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
|
738 | (2) |
|
|
740 | (5) |
|
3.4 Additional Topics from Renewal Theory |
|
|
745 | (1) |
|
|
746 | (1) |
|
|
746 | (3) |
|
|
746 | (1) |
|
|
746 | (1) |
|
4.3 General Markov Process |
|
|
747 | (2) |
Appendix C. Statistical Tables |
|
749 | (14) |
|
Table C1 Fractiles of the Standard Normal Distribution |
|
|
749 | (1) |
|
Table C2 Fractiles of the Student-t Distribution |
|
|
750 | (2) |
|
Table C3 Fractiles of the Chi-Square Distribution |
|
|
752 | (1) |
|
Table C4 Factors for Two-Sided Tolerance Intervals, Normal Distribution |
|
|
752 | (1) |
|
Table C5 Factors for One-Sided Tolerance Intervals, Normal Distribution |
|
|
753 | (1) |
|
Table C6 Factors for Two-Sided Nonparametric Tolerance Intervals |
|
|
754 | (1) |
|
Table C7 Factors for One-Sided Nonparametric Tolerance Intervals |
|
|
755 | (1) |
|
Table C8 Fractiles of the F Distribution |
|
|
756 | (6) |
|
Table C9 Upper Percentage Points of the Studentized Range |
|
|
762 | (1) |
Appendix D. Basic Results on Stochastic Optimization |
|
763 | (8) |
|
D.1 Unconstrained Static Optimization |
|
|
763 | (1) |
|
D.2 Constrained Static Optimization |
|
|
764 | (2) |
|
D.3 Multistage Dynamic Static Optimization |
|
|
766 | (1) |
|
D.4 Continuous Time Dynamic Optimization |
|
|
767 | (2) |
|
|
769 | (2) |
|
|
769 | (2) |
References |
|
771 | (26) |
Author Index |
|
797 | (8) |
Subject Index |
|
805 | |