A Practical Guide to UNIX for Mac OS X Users

by Sobell, Mark G.; Seebach, Peter

Edition: 1st

ISBN13: 9780131863330

ISBN10: 0131863339

Format: Paperback

Pub. Date: 2005-12-21

Publisher(s): PEARSO

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Summary

The Most Useful UNIX Guide for Mac OS X UsersEver,with Hundreds of High-Quality Examples! Beneath Mac OS reg; X's stunning graphical user interface (GUI) is the most powerful operating system ever created: UNIX reg; . With unmatched clarity and insight, this book explains UNIX for the Mac OS X user-giving you total control over your system, so you can get more done, faster. Building on Mark Sobell's highly praisedA Practical Guide to the UNIX System,it delivers comprehensive guidance on the UNIX command line tools every user, administrator, and developer needs to mastertogether with the world's best day-to-day UNIX reference. This book is packed with hundreds of high-quality examples. From networking and system utilities to shells and programming, this is UNIX from the ground up-both the "whys" and the "hows"-for every Mac user. You'll understand the relationships between GUI tools and their command line counterparts. Need instant answers? Don't bother with confusing online "manual pages": rely on this book's example-rich, quick-access, 236-page command reference! Don't settle for just any UNIX guidebook. Get one focused on your specific needs as a Mac user! A Practical Guide to UNIX reg; for Mac OS reg; X Usersis the most useful, comprehensive UNIX tutorial and reference for Mac OS X and isthe only book that delivers Better, more realistic examples covering tasks you'll actually need to perform Deeper insight, based on the authors'immense knowledge of every UNIX and OS X nook and cranny Practical guidance for experienced UNIX users moving to Mac OS X Exclusive discussions of Mac-only utilities, includingplutil,ditto,nidump,otool,launchctl,diskutil,GetFileInfo, andSetFile Techniques for implementing secure communications withsshandscp-plus dozens of tips for making your OS X system more secure Expert guidance on basic and advanced shell programming withbashandtcsh Tips and tricks for using the shell interactively from the command line Thorough guides toviandemacsdesigned to help you get productive fast, and maximize your editing efficiency In-depth coverage of the Mac OS X filesystem and access permissions, including extended attributes and Access Control Lists (ACLs) A comprehensive UNIX glossary Dozens of exercises to help you practice and gain confidence And much more, including a superior introduction to UNIX programming tools such asawk,sed,otool,make,gcc,gdb, and CVS

Author Biography

Mark G. Sobell is president of Sobell Associates Inc., a consulting firm that specializes in UNIX/Linux training, support, and custom software development. He is the author of many best-selling UNIX and Linux books and has more than twenty-five years of experience working with UNIX and Linux.

Peter Seebach, a freelance writer specializing in UNIX development, has published dozens of technical articles for IBM developerWorks.

Preface

xxix

Welcome to Mac OS X

(14)

The Heritage of Mac OS X: UNIX

(1)

The Open Source Connection

(2)

The Mach Kernel

(1)

The GNU Project

(1)

The BSD UNIX System

(1)

Darwin

(1)

Overview of Mac OS X

(5)

Mac OS X Has a Kernel Programming Interface

(1)

Mac OS X Can Support Many Users

(1)

Mac OS X Can Run Many Tasks

(1)

Mac OS X Provides a Secure Hierarchical Filesystem

(1)

The Shell: Command Interpreter and Programming Language

(1)

A Large Collection of Useful Utilities

(1)

Interprocess Communication

(1)

System Maintenance and Administration

(1)

Additional Features of Mac OS X

(3)

GUIs: Graphical User Interfaces

(1)

(Inter)Networking Utilities

(1)

Standards

(1)

The C and Objective-C Programming Languages

(1)

Software Development

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Exercises

(1)

PART I THE MAC OS X OPERATING SYSTEM

(128)

Getting Started

(22)

Conventions Used in This Book

(2)

Logging In

(3)

Graphical Login

(1)

Textual Login

(1)

Logging In Remotely: Terminal Emulation and ssh

(1)

Curbing Your Power: Superuser/root/Administrator Access

(1)

Working with the Shell

(3)

Running the Mac OS X Command Line Interface

(1)

Correcting Mistakes

(2)

Repeating/Editing Command Lines

(1)

Useful Graphical Tools

(1)

Getting the Facts: Where to Find Documentation

(7)

The Help Viewer

(1)

System Documentation

(1)

man: Displaying the System Manual

(2)

info: Displaying Information About Utilities

(3)

Using the Internet to Get Help

(1)

More About Logging In

(3)

What to Do if You Cannot Log In

(1)

Logging In on the Text Console

(1)

Logging Out

(1)

Changing Your Password

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Exercises

(1)

Advanced Exercises

(1)

The Mac OS X Utilities

(32)

Special Characters

(1)

Basic Utilities

(2)

Is: Lists the Names of Files

(1)

cat: Displays a Text File

(1)

rm: Deletes a File

(1)

open: Opens a File

(1)

less: Displays a Text File One Screen at a Time

(1)

hostname: Displays Your System Name

(1)

Working with Files

(8)

cp: Copies a File

(1)

ditto: Copies Files and Directories

(1)

mv: Changes the Name of a File

(1)

lpr: Prints a File

(1)

grep: Searches for a String

(1)

head: Displays the Beginning of a File

(1)

tail: Displays the End of a File

(1)

sort: Displays a File in Order

(1)

uniq: Removes Duplicate Lines from a File

(1)

diff: Compares Two Files

(1)

file: Tests the Contents of a File

(1)

| (Pipe): Communicates Between Processes

(1)

Three More Utilities

(2)

echo: Displays Text

(1)

date: Displays the Date and Time

(1)

script: Records a Shell Session

(2)

Compressing and Archiving Files

(4)

bzip2: Compresses a File

(1)

bunzip2 and bzcat: Decompress a File

(1)

gzip: Compresses a File

(1)

tar: Packs and Unpacks Archives

(2)

Locating Commands

(2)

which and type: Locate a Utility

(1)

apropos: Searches for a Keyword

(1)

Obtaining User and System Information

(3)

who: Lists Users on the System

(1)

finger: Lists Users on the System

(1)

w: Lists Users on the System

(1)

Communicating with Other Users

(1)

write: Sends a Message

(1)

mesg: Denies or Accepts Messages

(1)

Chapter Summary

(2)

Exercises

(1)

Advanced Exercises

(3)

The Mac OS X Filesystem

(42)

The Hierarchical Filesystem

(1)

Directory Files and Ordinary Files

(5)

Filenames

(3)

The Working Directory

(1)

Your Home Directory

(1)

Pathnames

(2)

Absolute Pathnames

(1)

Relative Pathnames

(1)

Directory Commands

(6)

mkdir: Creates a Directory

(2)

cd: Changes to Another Working Directory

(1)

The . and .. Directory Entries

(1)

rmdir: Deletes a Directory

(1)

Using Pathnames

(1)

mv, cp: Moves or Copies a File

(1)

mv: Moves a Directory

(1)

Filesystems

(1)

Nondisk Filesystems

(1)

/Volumes

(1)

Access Permissions

(6)

ls -l: Displays Permissions

(1)

chmod: Changes Access Permissions

(1)

Groups

(1)

Setuid and Setgid Permissions

(1)

Directory Access Permissions

(2)

File Flags

(1)

Extended Attributes

(6)

File Forks

(2)

File Attributes

(2)

Access Control Lists

(2)

Types of Files

(3)

Ordinary Files, Directories, Links, and Inodes

(1)

Special Files

100

(2)

Links

102

(6)

Hard Links

103

(2)

Symbolic Links

105

(2)

rm: Removes a Link

107

(1)

Chapter Summary

108

(1)

Exercises

109

(2)

Advanced Exercises

111

(2)

The Shell

113

(30)

The Command Line

114

(6)

Syntax

114

(3)

Processing the Command Line

117

(2)

Executing the Command Line

119

(1)

Standard Input and Standard Output

120

(11)

The Screen as a File

120

(1)

The Keyboard and Screen as Standard Input and Standard Output

121

(1)

Redirection

122

(6)

Pipes

128

(3)

Running a Program in the Background

131

(2)

Filename Generation/Pathname Expansion

133

(5)

The ? Special Character

134

(1)

The * Special Character

134

(2)

The [ ] Special Characters

136

(2)

Builtins

138

(1)

Chapter Summary

138

(2)

Utilities and Builtins Introduced in This Chapter

139

(1)

Exercises

140

(1)

Advanced Exercises

141

(2)

PART II THE EDITORS

143

(112)

The vim Editor

145

(54)

History

146

(1)

Tutorial: Creating and Editing a File with vim

147

(6)

Starting vim

147

(2)

Command and Input Modes

149

(1)

Entering Text

150

(1)

Getting Help

151

(2)

Ending the Editing Session

153

(1)

The compatible Parameter

153

(1)

Introduction to vim Features

154

(6)

Online Help

154

(1)

Modes of Operation

155

(1)

The Display

156

(1)

Correcting Text as You Insert It

156

(1)

Work Buffer

156

(1)

Line Length and File Size

157

(1)

Windows

157

(1)

File Locks

157

(1)

Abnormal Termination of an Editing Session

158

(1)

Recovering Text After a Crash

159

(1)

Command Mode: Moving the Cursor

160

(3)

Moving the Cursor by Characters

160

(1)

Moving the Cursor to a Specific Character

161

(1)

Moving the Cursor by Words

161

(1)

Moving the Cursor by Lines

162

(1)

Moving the Cursor by Sentences and Paragraphs

162

(1)

Moving the Cursor Within the Screen

162

(1)

Viewing Different Parts of the Work Buffer

162

(1)

Input Mode

163

(2)

Inserting Text

163

(1)

Appending Text

164

(1)

Opening a Line for Text

164

(1)

Replacing Text

164

(1)

Quoting Special Characters in Input Mode

164

(1)

Command Mode: Deleting and Changing Text

165

(3)

Undoing Changes

165

(1)

Deleting Characters

165

(1)

Deleting Text

165

(2)

Changing Text

167

(1)

Replacing Text

168

(1)

Changing Case

168

(1)

Searching and Substituting

168

(7)

Searching for a Character

168

(1)

Searching for a String

169

(3)

Substituting One String for Another

172

(3)

Miscellaneous Commands

175

(1)

Join

175

(1)

Status

175

(1)

. (Period)

175

(1)

Yank, Put, and Delete Commands

175

(3)

The General-Purpose Buffer

176

(1)

Named Buffers

177

(1)

Numbered Buffers

178

(1)

Reading and Writing Files

178

(1)

Reading Files

178

(1)

Writing Files

178

(1)

Identifying the Current File

179

(1)

Setting Parameters

179

(5)

Setting Parameters from Within vim

179

(1)

Setting Parameters in a Startup File

180

(1)

The .vimrc Startup File

180

(1)

Parameters

181

(3)

Advanced Editing Techniques

184

(4)

Using Markers

184

(1)

Editing Other Files

185

(1)

Macros and Shortcuts

186

(1)

Executing Shell Commands from Within vim

186

(2)

Units of Measure

188

(3)

Character

188

(1)

Word

188

(1)

Blank-Delimited Word

188

(1)

Line

189

(1)

Sentence

189

(1)

Paragraph

190

(1)

Window

190

(1)

Repeat Factor

191

(1)

Chapter Summary

191

(5)

Exercises

196

(1)

Advanced Exercises

197

(2)

The emacs Editor

199

(56)

History

200

(1)

Evolution

200

(1)

emacs Versus vim

201

(1)

Tutorial: Getting Started with emacs

201

(6)

Starting emacs

202

(1)

Stopping emacs

203

(1)

Inserting Text

203

(1)

Deleting Characters

203

(1)

Moving the Cursor

203

(3)

Editing at the Cursor Position

206

(1)

Saving and Retrieving the Buffer

207

(1)

Basic Editing Commands

207

(6)

Keys: Notation and Use

208

(1)

Key Sequences and Commands

209

(1)

META-x: Running a Command Without a Key Binding

209

(1)

Numeric Arguments

209

(1)

Point and the Cursor

210

(1)

Scrolling Through a Buffer

210

(1)

Erasing Text

210

(1)

Searching

211

(2)

Online Help

213

(2)

Advanced Editing

215

(13)

Undoing Changes

215

(1)

Mark and Region

216

(2)

Cut and Paste: Yanking Killed Text

218

(1)

Inserting Special Characters

219

(1)

Global Buffer Commands

220

(2)

Files

222

(2)

Buffers

224

(1)

Windows

225

(2)

Foreground Shell Commands

227

(1)

Background Shell Commands

227

(1)

Language-Sensitive Editing

228

(10)

Selecting a Major Mode

229

(1)

Human-Language Modes

229

(3)

C Mode

232

(3)

Customizing Indention

235

(1)

Comments

235

(1)

Special-Purpose Modes

236

(2)

Customizing emacs

238

(4)

The .emacs Startup File

239

(1)

Remapping Keys

240

(1)

A Sample .emacs File

241

(1)

More Information

242

(1)

Access to emacs

243

(1)

Chapter Summary

243

(8)

Exercises

251

(1)

Advanced Exercises

252

(3)

PART III THE SHELLS

255

(126)

The Bourne Again Shell

257

(80)

Background

258

(1)

Shell Basics

259

(19)

Startup Files

259

(3)

Commands That Are Symbols

262

(1)

Redirecting Standard Error

262

(3)

Writing a Simple Shell Script

265

(3)

Separating and Grouping Commands

268

(4)

Job Control

272

(3)

Manipulating the Directory Stack

275

(3)

Parameters and Variables

278

(15)

User-Created Variables

279

(3)

Variable Attributes

282

(2)

Keyword Variables

284

(8)

Special Characters

292

(1)

Processes

293

(2)

Process Structure

293

(1)

Process Identification

293

(1)

Executing a Command

294

(1)

History

295

(16)

Variables That Control History

295

(1)

Reexecuting and Editing Commands

296

(8)

The Readline Library

304

(7)

Aliases

311

(3)

Single Versus Double Quotation Marks in Aliases

311

(1)

Examples of Aliases

312

(2)

Functions

314

(2)

Controlling bash Features and Options

316

(5)

Command Line Options

317

(1)

Shell Features

317

(4)

Processing the Command Line

321

(10)

History Expansion

321

(1)

Alias Substitution

321

(1)

Parsing and Scanning the Command Line

322

(1)

Command Line Expansion

322

(9)

Chapter Summary

331

(1)

Exercises

332

(3)

Advanced Exercises

335

(2)

The TC Shell

337

(44)

Shell Scripts

338

(1)

Entering and Leaving the TC Shell

338

(3)

Startup Files

340

(1)

Features Common to the Bourne Again and TC Shells

341

(5)

Command Line Expansion (Substitution)

341

(4)

Job Control

345

(1)

Filename Substitution

346

(1)

Manipulating the Directory Stack

346

(1)

Command Substitution

346

(1)

Redirecting Standard Error

346

(2)

Working with the Command Line

348

(4)

Word Completion

348

(2)

Editing the Command Line

350

(1)

Correcting Spelling

351

(1)

Variables

352

(12)

Variable Substitution

353

(1)

String Variables

353

(1)

Arrays of String Variables

354

(1)

Numeric Variables

355

(2)

Braces

357

(1)

Special Variable Forms

357

(1)

Shell Variables

358

(6)

Control Structures

364

(9)

364

(3)

goto

367

(1)

Interrupt Handling

367

(1)

if...then...else

368

(1)

foreach

369

(2)

while

371

(1)

break and continue

372

(1)

switch

372

(1)

Builtins

373

(4)

Chapter Summary

377

(1)

Exercises

378

(2)

Advanced Exercises

380

(1)

PART IV NETWORKING AND MAINTENANCE

381

(94)

Networking and the Internet

383

(42)

Types of Networks and How They Work

385

(15)

Broadcast Networks

386

(1)

Point-to-Point Networks

386

(1)

Switched Networks

386

(1)

LAN: Local Area Network

387

(1)

WAN: Wide Area Network

388

(1)

Internetworking Through Gateways and Routers

388

(3)

Network Protocols

391

(2)

Host Address

393

(5)

CIDR: Classless Inter-Domain Routing

398

(1)

Hostnames

399

(1)

Communicate over a Network

400

(3)

finger: Displays Information About Remote Users

401

(1)

Sending Mail to a Remote User

402

(1)

Mailing List Servers

402

(1)

Network Utilities

403

(7)

Trusted Hosts

403

(1)

OpenSSH Tools

403

(1)

telnet: Logs In on a Remote System

404

(1)

ftp: Transfers Files over a Network

405

(1)

ping: Tests a Network Connection

405

(1)

traceroute: Traces a Route over the Internet

406

(2)

host and dig: Query Internet Nameservers

408

(1)

whois: Looks Up Information About an Internet Site

408

(2)

Distributed Computing

410

(8)

The Client/Server Model

410

(1)

DNS: Domain Name Service

411

(3)

Ports

414

(1)

NFS: Network Filesystem

414

(1)

Internet Services

414

(2)

Proxy Servers

416

(1)

RPC Network Services

417

(1)

Usenet

418

(2)

WWW: World Wide Web

420

(2)

URL: Uniform Resource Locator

421

(1)

Browsers

422

(1)

Search Engines

422

(1)

Chapter Summary

422

(1)

Exercises

423

(1)

Advanced Exercises

424

(1)

System Maintenance

425

(50)

Philosophy of System Administration

426

(1)

System Administrator and Superuser

427

(8)

Enabling the root Account

430

(1)

System Maintenance Tools

430

(4)

Avoiding a Trojan Horse

434

(1)

Getting Help

435

(1)

System Operation

435

(6)

Booting the System

436

(1)

Startup Scripts

436

(1)

Single-User Mode

437

(1)

Going Multiuser

437

(1)

Multiuser Mode

438

(1)

Logging In

438

(1)

Periodic Tasks

439

(1)

Running a Program and Logging Out

439

(1)

Bringing the System Down

439

(2)

Crash

441

(1)

NetInfo

441

(3)

Important Standard Directories and Files

444

(4)

Useful Utilities

448

(3)

Setting Up a Server

451

(15)

Configuration Files

451

(4)

lookupd: Which Service to Look at First

455

(1)

The Superserver

456

(4)

Securing a Server Under Mac OS X 10.4 and Later

460

(4)

DHCP

464

(2)

PAM

466

(4)

Configuration Files, Module Types, and Control Flags

467

(2)

Example

469

(1)

Modifying the PAM Configuration

470

(1)

fink: Downloads and Installs Software

470

(2)

Chapter Summary

472

(1)

Exercises

472

(1)

Advanced Exercises

473

(2)

PART V PROGRAMMING TOOLS

475

(182)

Programming Tools

477

(46)

Carbon, Cocoa, and UNIX APIs

478

(1)

Programming in C

478

(8)

Checking Your Compiler

479

(1)

A C Programming Example

480

(3)

Compiling and Linking a C Program

483

(3)

Using Shared Libraries

486

(3)

Frameworks

487

(1)

Fixing Broken Binaries

488

(1)

Creating Shared Libraries

488

(1)

make: Keeps a Set of Programs Current

489

(7)

Implied Dependencies

491

(3)

Macros

494

(2)

Debugging C Programs

496

(10)

gcc: Compiler Warning Options

499

(1)

Symbolic Debuggers

500

(6)

Threads

506

(1)

System Calls

506

(3)

ktrace: Traces System Calls

507

(1)

Controlling Processes

507

(1)

Accessing the Filesystem

508

(1)

Source Code Management

509

(10)

CVS: Concurrent Versions System

510

(9)

Chapter Summary

519

(1)

Exercises

520

(1)

Advanced Exercises

520

(3)

Programming the Bourne Again Shell

523

(86)

Control Structures

524

(31)

if...then

524

(4)

if...then...else

528

(3)

if...then...elif

531

(6)

for...in

537

(1)

for

538

(2)

while

540

(1)

until

541

(2)

break and continue

543

(2)

case

545

(6)

select

551

(2)

Here Document

553

(2)

File Descriptors

555

(3)

Parameters and Variables

558

(12)

Array Variables

558

(2)

Locality of Variables

560

(2)

Special Parameters

562

(2)

Positional Parameters

564

(5)

Expanding Null and Unset Variables

569

(1)

Builtin Commands

570

(14)

type: Displays Information About a Command

570

(1)

read: Accepts User Input

571

(3)

exec: Executes a Command

574

(3)

trap: Catches a Signal

577

(3)

kill: Aborts a Process

580

(1)

getopts: Parses Options

581

(2)

A Partial List of Builtins

583

(1)

Expressions

584

(9)

Arithmetic Evaluation

585

(1)

Logical Evaluation (Conditional Expressions)

586

(1)

String Pattern Matching

587

(1)

Operators

588

(5)

Shell Programs

593

(10)

A Recursive Shell Script

593

(3)

The quiz Shell Script

596

(7)

Chapter Summary

603

(1)

Exercises

604

(2)

Advanced Exercises

606

(3)

The awk Pattern Processing Language

609

(32)

Syntax

610

(1)

Arguments

610

(1)

Options

611

(1)

Notes

611

(1)

Language Basics

611

(7)

Patterns

612

(1)

Actions

612

(1)

Comments

613

(1)

Variables

613

(1)

Functions

614

(1)

Arithmetic Operators

614

(1)

Associative Arrays

615

(1)

printf

615

(1)

Control Structures

616

(2)

Examples

618

(16)

Advanced awk Programming

634

(3)

getline: Controlling Input

634

(3)

system: Running External Commands

637

(1)

Error Messages

637

(1)

Chapter Summary

638

(1)

Exercises

639

(1)

Advanced Exercises

639

(2)

The sed Editor

641

(16)

Syntax

642

(1)

Arguments

642

(1)

Options

642

(1)

Editor Basics

642

(4)

Addresses

643

(1)

Instructions

643

(2)

Control Structures

645

(1)

The Pattern Space and the Hold Space

645

(1)

Examples

646

(10)

Chapter Summary

656

(1)

Exercises

656

(1)

PART VI COMMAND REFERENCE

657

(238)

Standard Multiplicative Suffixes

662

(1)

Common Options

663

(1)

The sample Utility

663

(232)

sample Very brief description of what the utility does

664

(1)

at Executes commands at a specified time

665

(3)

bzip2 Compresses or decompresses files

668

(2)

cal Displays a calendar

670

(1)

cat Joins and displays files

671

(2)

cd Changes to another working directory

673

(2)

chgrp Changes the group associated with a file

675

(1)

chmod Changes the access mode (permissions) of a file

676

(6)

chown Changes the owner of a file and/or the group the file is associated with

682

(2)

cmp Compares two files

684

(2)

comm Compares sorted files

686

(2)

configure Configures source code automatically

688

(2)

cp Copies files

690

(3)

cpio Creates an archive, restores files from an archive, or copies a directory

693

(4)

crontab Maintains crontab files

697

(2)

cut Selects characters or fields from input lines

699

(2)

date Displays or sets the system time and date

701

(2)

dd Converts and copies a file

703

(2)

df Displays disk space usage

705

(2)

diff Displays the differences between two files

707

(5)

diskutil Checks, modifies, and repairs local volumes

712

(3)

ditto Copies files and creates and unpacks archives

715

(2)

dmesg Displays kernel messages

717

(1)

du Displays information on disk usage by file

718

(2)

echo Displays a message

720

(2)

expr Evaluates an expression

722

(4)

file Displays the classification of a file

726

(2)

find Finds files based on criteria

728

(6)

finger Displays information about users

734

(2)

fmt Formats text very simply

736

(2)

ftp Transfers files over a network

738

(7)

gcc Compiles C, Objective-C, and C++ programs

745

(4)

GetFileInfo Displays file attributes

749

(2)

grep Searches for a pattern in files

751

(5)

gzip Compresses or decompresses files

756

(3)

head Displays the beginning of a file

759

(2)

kill Terminates a process by PID number

761

(2)

killall Terminates a process by name

763

(2)

launchctl Controls the launchd daemon

765

(3)

less Displays text files, one screen at a time

768

(4)

ln Makes a link to a file

772

(2)

lpr Sends files to printers

774

(3)

ls Displays information about one or more files

777

(6)

make Keeps a set of programs current

783

(5)

man Displays documentation for commands

788

(3)

mkdir Creates a directory

791

(1)

mv Renames or moves a file

792

(2)

nice Changes the priority of a command

794

(2)

nidump Display contents of a NetInfo database

796

(2)

nohup Runs a command that keeps running after you log out

798

(1)

od Dumps the contents of a file

799

(4)

open Opens files, directories, and URLs

803

(2)

otool Displays object, library, and executable files

805

(2)

paste Joins corresponding lines from files

807

(2)

pax Creates an archive, restores files from an archive, or copies a directory

809

(6)

plutil Manipulates property list files

815

(2)

pr Paginates files for printing

817

(2)

ps Displays process status

819

(4)

rcp Copies one or more files to or from a remote system

823

(2)

renice Changes the priority of a process

825

(1)

rlogin Logs in on a remote system

826

(1)

rm Removes a file (deletes a link)

827

(2)

rmdir Removes a directory

829

(1)

rsh Executes commands on a remote system

830

(2)

scp Securely copies one or more files to or from a remote system

832

(2)

SetFile Sets file attributes

834

(2)

sleep Creates a process that sleeps for a specified interval

836

(1)

sort Sorts and/or merges files

837

(9)

split Divides a file into sections

846

(1)

ssh Securely executes commands on a remote system

847

(4)

stat Displays information about files

851

(2)

strings Displays strings of printable characters

853

(1)

stty Displays or sets terminal parameters

854

(4)

sysctl Displays and alters kernel variables

858

(1)

tail Displays the last part of a file

859

(3)

tar Stores or retrieves files to/from an archive file

862

(5)

tee Copies standard input to standard output and one or more files

867

(1)

telnet Connects to a remote system over a network

868

(3)

test Evaluates an expression

871

(3)

top Dynamically displays process status

874

(3)

touch Changes a file's access and/or modification time

877

(2)

tr Replaces specified characters

879

(3)

tty Displays the terminal pathname

882

(1)

umask Establishes the file-creation permissions mask

883

(2)

uniq Displays unique lines

885

(2)

w Displays information about system users

887

(1)

wc Displays the number of lines, words, and bytes

888

(1)

which Shows where in Path a command is located

889

(1)

who Displays information about logged-in users

890

(2)

xargs Converts standard input into command lines

892

(3)

PART VII APPENDIXES

895

(24)

Appendix A: Regular Expressions

897

(10)

Characters

898

(1)

Delimiters

898

(1)

Simple Strings

898

(1)

Special Characters

898

(1)

Periods

899

(1)

Brackets

899

(1)

Asterisks

899

(1)

Carets and Dollar Signs

900

(1)

Quoting Special Characters

900

(1)

Rules

901

(1)

Longest Match Possible

901

(1)

Empty Regular Expressions

902

(1)

Bracketing Expressions

902

(1)

The Replacement String

902

(1)

Ampersand

903

(1)

Quoted Digit

903

(1)

Extended Regular Expressions

903

(2)

Appendix Summary

905

(2)

Appendix B: Help

907

(8)

Solving a Problem

908

(1)

Finding Related Information

909

(1)

Documentation

909

(1)

Useful UNIX Sites

910

(1)

Mac OS X Newsgroups and Forums

911

(1)

Mailing Lists

911

(1)

Words

911

(1)

Software

912

(1)

Specifying a Terminal

913

(2)

Appendix C: Mac OS X for Unix Users

915

(4)

Glossary

919

(44)

Index

963

Excerpts

A Practical Guide to UNIX for Mac OS X Usersexplains how to work with the UNIX operating system that is the foundation of Mac OS X. This book looks "under the hood," past the traditional graphical user interface (GUI) that most people think of as a Macintosh, and explains how to use the powerful command line interface (CLI) that connects you directly to UNIX. Command line interface (CLI).In the beginning UNIX had a command line (textual) interface. There was no mouse to point or icons to drag and drop. Some programs, such as emacs , implemented rudimentary windows using the very minimal graphics available in the ASCII character set. In addition, reverse video helped separate areas of the screen. UNIX was born and raised in this environment. Naturally all of the original UNIX tools were invoked from the command line. The real power of UNIX, and of Mac OS X, lies in this environment, which explains why many UNIX professionals work exclusivelyfrom the command line. Using clear descriptions and lots of examples, this book shows you how to get the most out of your UNIX-based Mac OS X system using the command line interface. The first few chapters quickly bring readers with little computer experience up to speed. The rest of the book is appropriate for more experienced computer users. Audience.This book is designed for a wide range of readers. It does not require programming experience, but assumes a basic familiarity with the Macintosh GUI. It is appropriate for the following readers: Beginning Macintosh userswho want to know what UNIX is, why everyone keeps saying that it is important, and how to take advantage of it Experienced Macintosh userswho want to know how to take advantage of the power of UNIX that underlies Mac OS X Studentstaking a class in which they use Mac OS X Power userswho want to explore the power of Mac OS X from the command line Professionalswho use Mac OS X at work UNIX userswho want to adapt their UNIX skills to the Mac OS X environment Computer science studentswho are studying the Mac OS X operating system Programmerswho need to understand the Mac OS X programming environment Technical executiveswho want to get a grounding in Mac OS X Benefits.A Practical Guide to UNIX for Mac OS X Usersgives you an in-depth understanding of how to use the UNIX operating system that is the foundation for Mac OS X. A large amount of free software has always been available for Macintosh systems. In addition, the Macintosh shareware community is very active. By introducing the UNIX aspects of Mac OS X, this book throws open to Macintosh users the vast store of free and low-cost software available for UNIX, Linux, and other UNIX-like systems. Regardless of your background, this book offers the practical knowledge you need to get on with your work: You will come away from this book understanding how to use the UNIX operating system that underlies OS X, and this text will remain a valuable reference for years to come. Features of This Book This book is organized for ease of use in different situations. For example, you can read it from cover to cover to learn about the UNIX aspects of Mac OS X from the ground up. Alternatively, once you are comfortable using OS X, you can use this book as a reference: Look up a topic of interest in the table of contents or index and read about it. Or, refer to one of the utilities covered in Part VI, "Command Reference." You can also think of this book as a catalog of Mac OS X topics: Flip through the pages until a topic catches your e

A Practical Guide to UNIX for Mac OS X Users

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