Political Philosophy: A Beginners' Guide for Students and Politicians

by
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2001-09-01
Publisher(s): John Wiley & Sons Inc
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Summary

Politicians invoke grand ideas: social justice, liberty, equality,community. But what do these ideas really mean? How can politicians across the political spectrum appeal to the same values?Political Philosophy: A Beginners' Guide for Students and Politicians answers these important questions. Accessible and lively, the book is an ideal student text, but it also brings the insights of the world's leading political philosophers to a wide general audience. Using plenty of examples, it equips readers to think for themselves about the ideas that shape political life.Democracy works best when both politicians and voters move beyond rhetoric to think clearly and carefully about the political principles that should govern their society. But clear thinking is difficult in an age when established orthodoxies have fallen by the wayside. Bringing political philosophy out of the ivory tower and within the reach of all, this book provides us with tools to cut through the complexities of modern politics. In so doing, it makes a valuable contribution to the democratic process.

Author Biography

Adam Swift is a Fellow in Politics and Sociology at Balliol College, Oxford.

Table of Contents

Preface ix
Introduction 1(7)
Further reading
8(1)
Part 1: Social Justice 9(42)
Concept v. conceptions: the case of justice
11(8)
Hayek v. social justice
19(2)
Rawls: justice as fairness
21(9)
Nozick: justice as entitlement
30(9)
Popular opinion: justice as desert
39(9)
Conclusion
48(1)
Further reading
48(3)
Part 2: Liberty 51(40)
Two concepts of liberty?
52(3)
Three distinctions between conceptions of liberty
55(13)
Effective freedom v. formal freedom
55(4)
Freedom as autonomy v. freedom as doing what one wants
59(5)
Freedom as political participation v. freedom beginning where politics ends
64(4)
Freedom, private property, the market and redistribution
68(9)
Resisting the totalitarian menace
77(11)
Conclusion
88(1)
Further reading
89(2)
Part 3: Equality 91(42)
The egalitarian plateau
93(5)
Equality of opportunity
98(8)
Equality and relativities: should we mind the gap?
106(9)
Positional goods
115(3)
Three positions that look egalitarian but aren't really
118(4)
Utilitarianism (or any aggregative principle)
118(2)
Diminishing principles, priority to the worst off, and maximin
120(1)
Entitlement and sufficiency
121(1)
Equality strikes back
122(8)
Conclusion
130(1)
Further reading
131(2)
Part 4: Community 133(46)
Correcting misunderstanding and misrepresentations
136(24)
Liberals assume that people are selfish or egoistic
139(2)
Liberals advocate a minimal state
141(1)
Liberals emphasize rights rather than duties or responsibilities
142(4)
Liberals believe that values are subjective or relative
146(3)
Liberals neglect the way in which individual are socially constituted
149(3)
Liberals fail to see the significance of communal relations, shared values and a common identity
152(3)
Liberals wrongly think that the state can and should be neutral
155(5)
Summary
160(2)
Outstanding issues
162(12)
Liberalism, neutrality and multiculturalism
163(5)
Liberalism and the nation-state
168(6)
Conclusion
174(2)
Further reading
176(3)
Conclusion 179(6)
Index 185

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