In Mixed Company Communicating in Small Groups and Teams (with InfoTrac),9780534606695

In Mixed Company Communicating in Small Groups and Teams (with InfoTrac)

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Edition: 5th
ISBN13: 9780534606695
ISBN10: 0534606695
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2003-08-07
Publisher(s): Wadsworth Publishing
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Summary

1. Communication Competence. 2. Groups as Systems. 3. Group Development. 4. Developing the Group Climate. 5. Roles and Leadership in Groups. 6. Developing Effective Teams. 7. Group Discussion: Defective Decision Making and Problem Solving. 8. Group Discussion: Effective Decision Making and Problem Solving. 9. Power in Groups: A Central Dynamic. 10. Conflict Management in Groups.

Table of Contents

Preface xv
Communication Competence
1(24)
Myths About Communication
4(2)
Myth 1: Communication Is a Panacea
4(1)
Myth 2: Communication Can Break Down
4(1)
Myth 3: Effective Communication Is Merely Skill Building
5(1)
Myth 4: Effective Communication Is Just Common Sense
5(1)
Communication Defined
6(6)
Communication Is Transactional
6(1)
Communication Is a Process
7(1)
Communication Is Sharing Meaning
8(1)
Verbal Communication
8(1)
Nonverbal Communication
9(1)
Verbal and Nonverbal Interconnectedness
10(1)
Context
11(1)
Communication Competence
12(13)
Competence Defined
12(1)
Matter of Degree
12(1)
We-not-Me Oriented
12(1)
Focus on Culture: Individualism versus Collectivism: A Basic Cultural Difference
13(3)
Effectiveness
16(1)
Appropriateness
16(1)
Elements of Competence
17(1)
Knowledge
17(1)
Skills
18(1)
Sensitivity
19(1)
Commitment
19(1)
Ethics
19(2)
Focus on Gender: Gender and Communication Competence
21(4)
Groups as Systems
25(26)
Interconnectedness of Parts
27(7)
Ripple Effect
27(2)
Synergy
29(2)
Closer Look: Dealing with Difficult Group Members
31(3)
Adaptability to Change
34(8)
Boundary Control
34(1)
Methods of Boundary Control
35(2)
Closer Look: Bound and Gagged: Cult Boundary Control
37(3)
Boundary Control and Group Effectiveness
40(2)
Influence of Size
42(6)
Group Size and Complexity
42(1)
Quantitative Complexity
42(1)
Complexity and Group Transactions
43(1)
Groups versus Organizations
44(2)
Closer Look: The Beatles as a System
46(2)
Definition of Small Group
48(3)
Group Development
51(34)
Task and Social Dimensions
53(2)
Closer Look: The Case of ``Hormones with Feet''
54(1)
Periodic Phases of Group Development
55(24)
Forming: Why We Join Groups
55(1)
Interpersonal Attraction
56(1)
Attraction to Group Activities
56(1)
Attraction to Group Goals
56(1)
Establishment of Meaning and Identity
56(1)
Fulfillment of Unrelated Needs
57(1)
Storming: Tension in Groups
58(1)
Primary Tension
58(1)
Secondary Tension
59(2)
Norming: Regulating the Group
61(1)
Types of Norms
61(1)
Purpose and Development of Norms
62(1)
Conforming to Norms
62(2)
Conditions for Conformity to Norms
64(1)
Closer Look: High School Cliques: A Lesson in Conformity
65(1)
Nonconformity
66(1)
Closer Look: Hazing Rituals
67(4)
Performing: Group Output
71(1)
Individual versus Group Performance
72(3)
Closer Look: Social Loafing: Sapping a Group's Vitality
75(2)
Risk-Taking and Polarization
77(2)
Newcomers and Group Development
79(6)
Nature of Group
80(1)
Newcomer Strategies
81(1)
Focus on Gender/Ethnicity Member Diversity and Group Development
82(3)
Developing the Group Climate
85(32)
Competitive versus Cooperative Climates
87(12)
Definitions
87(1)
Prevalence of Competition
88(3)
Focus on Gender: Gender and Hypercompetitiveness
91(1)
Effects of Competition versus Cooperation
92(1)
Achievement and Performance
92(1)
Closer Look: Competing for No Good Reason
93(1)
Group Cohesiveness
94(1)
Self-Esteem
95(1)
Character Building and Ethics
96(2)
Focus on Culture: Competition and Culture
98(1)
Constructing Cooperation in Groups
99(18)
Interdependence
100(1)
Equality
100(1)
Participation
101(1)
Individual Accountability
102(1)
Closer Look: Habitat for Humanity
103(1)
Cooperative Communication Patterns
104(1)
Evaluation versus Description
104(2)
Control versus Problem Orientation
106(1)
Strategy versus Spontaneity
107(1)
Neutrality versus Empathy
107(1)
Superiority versus Equality
108(1)
Certainty versus Provisionalism
108(1)
Reciprocal Patterns
109(1)
Closer Look: The Robbers Cave Experiment
110(2)
Noncompetitive Listening
112(1)
Shift Response versus Support Response
112(1)
Competitive Interrupting
113(1)
Ambushing
113(4)
Roles and Leadership in Groups
117(32)
Group Roles
118(9)
Effects of Roles
119(2)
Closer Look: The Stanford Prison Study
121(1)
Types of Roles
122(1)
Role Emergence
123(2)
Role Fixation
125(2)
Leadership
127(22)
Definition of Leadership
127(1)
Gaining and Retaining Leadership
128(1)
How Not to Become a Leader
129(1)
General Pattern of Leader Emergence
129(2)
Retaining the Leader Role
131(1)
Focus on Gender/Ethnicity: Gender and Ethnic Leadership Bias
132(3)
Perspectives on Effective Leadership
135(1)
Traits Perspective
135(2)
Styles Perspective
137(1)
Situational (Contingency) Perspective
138(3)
Closer Look: Effective versus Ineffective Leadership
141(1)
Functional Perspective
142(2)
Communication Competence Perspective
144(1)
Closer Look: ``Chainsaw Al'' and Aaron Feuerstein: A Lesson in Contrasts
145(4)
Developing Effective Teams
149(24)
Team Members
152(3)
We-Orientation
153(1)
Competent Communication
154(1)
Experience and Problem-Solving Abilities
154(1)
Optimistic Attitude
154(1)
Team Member Removal
155(1)
Team Structure
155(12)
Developing Goals
156(1)
Setting Clear Goals
157(1)
Establishing Challenging Goals
157(1)
Exhibiting Commitment to Goals
158(1)
Closer Look: The U.S. Women's Olympic Basketball Team
159(1)
Developing a Team Identity
160(1)
Solidarity Symbols
160(1)
Team Talk
161(1)
Designating Clear and Appropriate Roles
162(1)
Appropriate Roles for Team Members
162(1)
Formal Role Designations
163(1)
Structuring Team Empowerment
164(1)
Definition of Empowerment
164(1)
Hierarchical Organizations
165(1)
Quality Circles
165(1)
Self-Managing Work Teams
165(1)
Closer Look: IDEO and Team Empowerment
166(1)
Impediments to Team Empowerment
167(1)
Competent Team Leadership
167(6)
Foster Participative Leadership
168(1)
Insist on a Cooperative Climate
169(2)
Closer Look: Virtual Teams
171(1)
Structure Decision Making and Problem Solving
172(1)
Group Discussion: Defective Decision Making and Problem Solving
173(36)
Information: The Raw Material of Critical Thinking
175(7)
Information Overload
175(1)
Scope of the Problem
175(1)
Consequences
176(1)
Closer Look: The McMartin Preschool Case
177(1)
Coping with Information Overload
178(1)
Closer Look: Technology and the Bias of Speed
179(2)
Information Underload
181(1)
Mindsets: Critical Thinking Frozen Solid
182(4)
Confirmation Bias
183(2)
False Dichotomies
185(1)
Collective Inferential Error: Uncritical Thinking
186(13)
Closer Look: Blue Eyes versus Brown Eyes
187(2)
Prevalence of the Problem
189(1)
Closer Look: The Uncritical Inference Test
190(1)
General Sources of Inferential Errors
191(1)
Specific Sources of Inferential Errors
192(1)
Closer Look: The Blandina Chiapponi Case
193(1)
Vividness
194(2)
Unrepresentativeness
196(1)
Correlation
197(1)
Error Correction: Practicing Critical Thinking
198(1)
Groupthink: Critical Thinking in Suspended Animation
199(10)
Definition
200(1)
Identification of Groupthink
201(1)
Overestimation of the Group's Power and Morality
201(1)
Closed-Mindedness
202(1)
Pressures toward Uniformity
202(2)
Preventing Groupthink: Promoting Vigilance
204(5)
Group Discussion: Effective Decision Making and Problem Solving
209(38)
Discussion Procedures
210(13)
General Considerations
210(1)
Periodic Phases of Decision Emergence
211(1)
Functional Perspective
211(1)
The Standard Agenda
212(1)
Systematic Procedures
212(2)
Problems of Implementation
214(1)
Closer Look: Murphy's Law
215(2)
PERT
217(1)
Group Decision-Making Rules
218(1)
Majority Rule
218(1)
Minority Rule
219(1)
Unanimity Rule (Consensus)
220(2)
Focus on Culture: Japan's Nuclear Emergency and Consensus Decision Making
222(1)
Participation
223(3)
Pros and Cons of Participation
224(1)
Focus on Culture: Cultural Diversity and Participation in Small Groups
225(1)
Increasing Constructive Participation
226(1)
Critical Thinking and Effective Decision Making
226(7)
Closer Look: Conducting Meetings: Standard and Technological Forms of Participation
227(3)
Gathering Information
230(1)
Evaluating Information
231(2)
Creative Problem Solving
233(14)
Closer Look: The Internet: Resource for Information and Misinformation
234(1)
General Overview
235(1)
Specific Creative Techniques
236(1)
Brainstorming and Nominal Group Techniques
236(4)
Framing/Refraining
240(2)
Integrative Problem Solving
242(5)
Power in Groups: A Central Dynamic
247(36)
Power Defined
248(4)
The Nature of Power
248(1)
Forms of Power
249(1)
Closer Look: Empowerment and Self-Help Groups
250(2)
Indicators of Power
252(4)
General Indicators
252(1)
Verbal Indicators
252(1)
Nonverbal Indicators
253(1)
Focus on Gender/Culture: Powerful Language Differences
254(2)
Power Resources
256(10)
Information
257(1)
Expertise
257(2)
Rewards and Punishments
259(3)
Personal Qualities
262(1)
Legitimate Authority
263(1)
Closer Look: The Milgram Studies
264(2)
Imbalance of Power
266(2)
Physical Violence and Aggression
267(1)
Verbal and Nonverbal Contempt
267(1)
Transacting Power
268(15)
Compliance: The Power of Groups
268(1)
Focus on Culture: Power Distance and Cultural Differences
269(1)
Alliance: Coalition Formation
270(1)
Resistance: Covert Noncompliance
271(1)
Strategic Stupidity
271(1)
Loss of Motor Function
272(1)
The Misunderstanding Mirage
273(1)
Selective Amnesia
273(1)
Tactical Tardiness
274(1)
Purposeful Procrastination
274(2)
Defiance: Overt Noncompliance
276(1)
Threat of Contagion
276(1)
Variable Group Reaction
277(1)
Defiant Member's Influence
277(1)
Significance: Self-Empowerment
278(1)
Assertiveness
278(3)
Increasing Personal Power Resources
281(2)
Conflict Management in Groups
283(34)
Definition of Terms
285(4)
Definition of Conflict
286(1)
General Definition
286(1)
Destructive versus Constructive Conflict
287(1)
Conflict Resolution versus Management
288(1)
Styles of Conflict Management
289(6)
Collaborating (Problem Solving)
289(2)
Accommodating (Yielding)
291(1)
Compromising
291(1)
Closer Look: The Case of the Effective Compromise
292(1)
Avoiding (Withdrawing)
292(2)
Competing (Power/Forcing)
294(1)
Transacting Conflict
295(15)
Focus on Culture: Culture and Conflict Styles
296(1)
Primary Situational Variables
297(1)
Nature of the Conflict
297(2)
Nature of the Relationship
299(1)
Timing
299(1)
Conflict Spirals
300(1)
Closer Look: Kill Radio Conflict Case Study
301(2)
Negotiating Strategies
303(1)
Tit for Tat
303(1)
Reformed Sinner
304(1)
Positional Bargaining
305(1)
Principled Negotiation
306(4)
Anger Management
310(7)
Constructive and Destructive Anger
310(2)
Managing Your Own Anger
312(1)
Managing the Anger of Others
312(5)
Appendix A: Group Oral Presentations 317(14)
Appendix B: Critical Thinking Revisited: Fallacies 331(7)
Appendix C: Sample Agendas for Group Meetings 338(2)
Glossary 340(9)
References 349(22)
Index 371

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