Microphone Array Signal Processing

by Benesty, Jacob; Chen, Jingdong; Huang, Yiteng

ISBN13: 9783540786115

ISBN10: 3540786112

Format: Hardcover

Pub. Date: 2008-04-01

Publisher(s): Springer Verlag

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Summary

The main objective of this concise book is to derive and explain the most fundamental algorithms from a strictly broadband (signals and/or processing) viewpoint. Thanks to the approach taken here, new concepts come to light that have great potential.

Introduction	p. 1
Microphone Array Signal Processing	p. 1
Organization of the Book	p. 5
Classical Optimal Filtering	p. 7
Introduction	p. 7
Wiener Filter	p. 8
Frost Filter	p. 16
Algorithm	p. 16
Generalized Sidelobe Canceller Structure	p. 17
Application to Linear Interpolation	p. 19
Kalman Filter	p. 21
A Viable Alternative to the MSE	p. 25
Pearson Correlation Coefficient	p. 26
Important Relations with the SPCC	p. 26
Examples of Optimal Filters Derived from the SPCC	p. 29
Conclusions	p. 37
Conventional Beamforming Techniques	p. 39
Introduction	p. 39
Problem Description	p. 40
Delay-and-Sum Technique	p. 41
Design of a Fixed Beamformer	p. 46
Maximum Signal-to-Noise Ratio Filter	p. 49
Minimum Variance Distortionless Response Filter	p. 52
Approach with a Reference Signal	p. 54
Response-Invariant Broadband Beamformers	p. 55
Null-Steering Technique	p. 58
Microphone Array Pattern Function	p. 61
First Signal Model	p. 62
Second Signal Model	p. 64
Conclusions	p. 65
On the Use of the LCMV Filter in Room Acoustic Environments	p. 67
Introduction	p. 67
Signal Models	p. 67
Anechoic Model	p. 68
Reverberant Model	p. 68
Spatio-Temporal Model	p. 69
The LCMV Filter with the Anechoic Model	p. 69
The LCMV Filter with the Reverberant Model	p. 73
The LCMV Filter with the Spatio-Temporal Model	p. 75
Experimental Results	p. 78
The LCMV Filter in the Frequency Domain	p. 81
Conclusions	p. 83
Noise Reduction with Multiple Microphones: a Unified Treatment	p. 85
Introduction	p. 85
Signal Model and Problem Description	p. 86
Some Useful Definitions	p. 87
Wiener Filter	p. 89
Subspace Method	p. 92
Spatio-Temporal Prediction Approach	p. 95
Case of Perfectly Coherent Noise	p. 97
Adaptive Noise Cancellation	p. 99
Kalman Filter	p. 100
Simulations	p. 101
Acoustic Environments and Experimental Setup	p. 101
Experimental Results	p. 103
Conclusions	p. 114
Noncausal (Frequency-Domain) Optimal Filters	p. 115
Introduction	p. 115
Signal Model and Problem Formulation	p. 116
Performance Measures	p. 117
Noncausal Wiener Filter	p. 120
Parametric Wiener Filtering	p. 124
Generalization to the Multichannel Case	p. 126
Signal Model	p. 126
Definitions	p. 128
Multichannel Wiener Filter	p. 129
Spatial Maximum SNR Filter	p. 132
Minimum Variance Distortionless Response Filter	p. 134
Distortionless Multichannel Wiener Filter	p. 135
Conclusions	p. 136
Microphone Arrays from a MIMO Perspective	p. 139
Introduction	p. 139
Signal Models and Problem Description	p. 140
SISO Model	p. 141
SIMO Model	p. 141
MISO Model	p. 142
MIMO Model	p. 143
Problem Description	p. 144
Two-Element Microphone Array	p. 144
Least-Squares Approach	p. 145
Frost Algorithm	p. 146
Generalized Sidelobe Canceller Structure	p. 148
N-Element Microphone Array	p. 150
Least-Squares and MINT Approaches	p. 150
Frost Algorithm	p. 152
Generalized Sidelobe Canceller Structure	p. 154
Minimum Variance Distortionless Response Approach	p. 156
Simulations	p. 156
Acoustic Environments and Experimental Setup	p. 156
Conclusions	p. 163
Sequential Separation and Dereverberation: the Two-Stage Approach	p. 165
Introduction	p. 165
Signal Model and Problem Description	p. 165
Source Separation	p. 168
2 x 3 MIMO System	p. 168
M x N MIMO System	p. 172
Speech Dereverberation	p. 175
Direct Inverse	p. 175
Minimum Mean-Square Error and Least-Squares Methods	p. 177
MINT Method	p. 177
Conclusions	p. 180
Direction-of-Arrival and Time-Difference-of-Arrival Estimation	p. 181
Introduction	p. 181
Problem Formulation and Signal Models	p. 184
Single-Source Free-Field Model	p. 184
Multiple-Source Free-Field Model	p. 185
Single-Source Reverberant Model	p. 186
Multiple-Source Reverberant Model	p. 187
Cross-Correlation Method	p. 188
The Family of the Generalized Cross-Correlation Methods	p. 190
Classical Cross-Correlation	p. 191
Smoothed Coherence Transform	p. 191
Phase Transform	p. 192
Spatial Linear Prediction Method	p. 193
Multichannel Cross-Correlation Coefficient Algorithm	p. 196
Eigenvector-Based Techniques	p. 200
Narrowband MUSIC	p. 201
Broadband MUSIC	p. 203
Minimum Entropy Method	p. 205
Gaussian Source Signal	p. 205
Speech Source Signal	p. 206
Adaptive Eigenvalue Decomposition Algorithm	p. 207
Adaptive Blind Multichannel Identification Based Methods	p. 209
TDOA Estimation of Multiple Sources	p. 211
Conclusions	p. 215
Unaddressed Problems	p. 217
Introduction	p. 217
Speech Source Number Estimation	p. 217
Cocktail Party Effect and Blind Source Separation	p. 218
Blind MIMO Identification	p. 220
Conclusions	p. 222
References	p. 223
Index	p. 237
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Microphone Array Signal Processing

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