Manichaean Texts from the Roman Empire

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Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2004-06-14
Publisher(s): Cambridge University Press
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Summary

Founded by Mani (c. AD 216–276), a Syrian visionary of Judaeo-Christian background who lived in Persian Mesopotamia, Manichaeism spread rapidly into the Roman Empire in the third and fourth centuries AD and became one of the most persecuted heresies under Christian Roman emperors. The religion established missionary cells in Syria, Egypt, North Africa and Rome and has in Augustine of Hippo the most famous of its converts. The study of the religion in the Roman Empire has benefited from discoveries of genuine Manichaean texts from Medinet Madi and from the Dakhleh Oasis in Egypt, as well as successful decipherment of the Cologne Mani-Codex which gives an autobiography of the founder in Greek. This first ever single-volume collection of sources for this religion, which draws from material mostly unknown to English-speaking scholars and students, offers in translation genuine Manichaean texts from Greek, Latin and Coptic.

Table of Contents

List of plates xi
List of maps xi
List of contributors xii
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xiv
Notes for the reader xv
List of abbreviations xvii
1 Introduction 1(45)
The purpose of this book
1(2)
The life of Mani
3(5)
The Manichaean system
8(13)
Worship and ethic
21(4)
The development of Manichaean studies
25(10)
The survival of Manichaean texts from the Roman Empire
35(11)
2 The life of Mani 46(63)
Childhood, youth and calling
46(27)
1 Mani's parentage, birth, childhood and adolescence
46(1)
2 Mani's own version of early revelations from his divine Twin
47(1)
3 Incidents from Mani's youth showing his refusal to harm even plants
48(1)
4 Mani's account of his call
49(9)
5 Mani's conflicts and break with the baptist community
58(8)
6 The beginning of Mani's mission
66(7)
Mani at the court of the Shahanshah (King of Kings)
73(6)
7 Mani's calling and his summons before Shapur I
73(2)
8 Mani's first encounter with Shapur I
75(1)
9 Mani recounts his travels
76(3)
The last days and death of Mani
79(23)
10 Mani's change of fortune after the death of Hormizd
79(5)
11 The confrontation between Mani and King Vahram I
84(1)
12 Mani's imprisonment and death
85(3)
13 Mani's entry into parinirvana
88(1)
14 Praise for the martyred Mani
89(2)
15 The sufferings of Mani compared to those of other true apostles
91(2)
16 The institution of the bema
93(1)
17 The death of Mani compared to the trial and crucifixion of Jesus the Messiah
94(1)
18 The death of Mani commemorated in two bema psalms
95(7)
The Manichaean church under Sisinnios and his successor Innaios
102(7)
19 Persecution of the Manichaean church
102(2)
20 The prayer and martyrdom of Sisinnios (Mar Sisin)
104(5)
3 Manichaeism in the Roman Empire 109(42)
Early mission and reaction
111(8)
21 The mission of Mar Adda and Pattek the teacher
111(1)
22 The healing of Nafsa of Tadmor (Palmyra) by Mar Adda
112(2)
23 A warning against Manichaean missionaries
114(1)
24 Alexander of Lycopolis on the Manichaean mission in Egypt
115(1)
25 Edict (rescript) of Diocletian against the sect (AD 302)
116(3)
26 Warning against door-to-door missions by the Manichaeans
119(1)
Manichaeans and Christian ascetics in Egypt
119(6)
27 Manichaeans out-argued by Didymus the Blind
119(1)
28 A travelling Manichaean converted by true `hospitality'
120(1)
29 A Manichaean missionary challenged to trial by fire
121(1)
30 A food-test imposed by the Patriarch Timothy
121(1)
31 A story of two Manichaean merchants
122(3)
Manichaeism in the Levant, Asia Minor and Greece
125(5)
32 The debate between the Manichaea Julia and Porphyry the bishop of Gaza
125(4)
33 The conversion of the Manichaeans at Ziph
129(1)
34 The works of Mani and of Mar Adda refuted by Heraclianus of Chalcedon
129(1)
Manichaeism in Italy and North Africa
130(15)
35 The young Augustine joins the sect at Carthage as a hearer
130(4)
36 A Manichaean house at Rome
134(2)
37 Letter of the Manichaean Secundinus to Augustine
136(6)
38 The Manichaean Firmus converted by a sermon of Augustine's
142(1)
39 Victorinus exposed as a crypto-Manichaean
143(1)
40 Manichaeans detected and punished in Carthage
144(1)
Select legislations against the Manichaeans from Theodosius to Justinian
145(6)
41 Anti-Manichaean legislation issued by Theodosius
145(4)
42 The death penalty for Manichaeans
149(1)
43 Mandate of Justinian I on Manichaeans' wills
150(1)
4 The scriptures of Mani 151(25)
44 Mani's canon according to the Kephalaia
153(1)
45 Canon lists from an Arabic and a Chinese source
154(2)
46 From The Living Gospel
156(3)
47 From The Treasure of Life
159(1)
48 From an unnamed work of Mani, probably The Pragmateia
160(3)
49 From The Psalms and Prayers (?)
163(2)
50 The titles of Mani's Epistles
165(1)
51 A quotation from `The Letter to Edessa'
166(1)
52 Passages from The Epistles preserved at Ismant el-Kharab
166(2)
53 'The Fundamental Epistle'
168(4)
54 'The Letter to Menoch'
172(2)
55 Spurious letters attributed to Mani
174(2)
5 Teachings 176(55)
56 The community sing 'the knowledge of Mani'
176(3)
57 Alexander of Lycopolis on the Manichaean system
179(3)
58 The Acta Archelai on cosmogony
182(5)
59 Augustine's summary of the teaching
187(4)
60 An account of the evocation of the gods
191(3)
61 'The prayer of the emanations'
194(2)
62 Concerning the coming of the soul
196(3)
63 The five worlds of the kingdom of darkness
199(3)
64 The 'three days' and the 'two deaths'
202(2)
65 The seven works of the Living Spirit
204(1)
66 Mani discusses astrology
205(3)
67 The Coptic treatise on the Light Mind
208(9)
68 The descent of Jesus
217(1)
69 Augustine on Manichaean Christology
218(1)
70 A psalm by Herakleides
219(1)
71 The great war and the last judgement
220(6)
72 Four recently edited Kephalaia
226(3)
73 Manichaean and other 'errors' concerning the destiny of the soul after death (Christian polemic)
229(2)
6 Worship and ethic 231(28)
74 The essential precepts of the elect and the catechumens
231(1)
75 The archetypes of ritual action
232(4)
76 The three seals
236(1)
77 Augustine on the bema festival
237(1)
78 A bema psalm
237(3)
79 The profits of fasting
240(1)
80 A psalm of endurance
240(4)
81 Augustine on Manichaean ethics
244(1)
82 Augustine on the redemption of the light particles
245(1)
83 A psalm of the universal soul
246(1)
84 A psalm to glorify the Mind
247(2)
85 Mani's discourse on the 'assent' and the 'amen'
249(3)
86 The nature of love
252(1)
87 A psalm in praise of Jesus
253(1)
88 A psalm to the Trinity
254(2)
89 A prayer for the ascent of the soul
256(3)
7 Community texts 259(23)
90 The advent of Mani
260(5)
91 On the ten advantages of the Manichaean religion
265(3)
92 An apologia for the distinction between elect and hearer
268(4)
93 A father instructs his young son
272(3)
94 The son writes to his mother
275(2)
95 An elect encourages a sick catechumen
277(1)
96 An elect writes to ask for alms
277(1)
97 A Manichaean scribe sends a spell to a colleague
278(2)
98 Horion discusses preparations for the agape
280(2)
List and concordance of texts 282(8)
Glossary 290(8)
Bibliography 298(9)
Index 307

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