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Summary
Table of Contents
Foreword | |
Series Editors' Preface | |
Preface | |
Introduction. Briefly on the History and Essence of the Problem | p. 1 |
Functions and main kinds of optical resonators | p. 1 |
Plane resonators | p. 2 |
Stable resonators | p. 4 |
Unstable resonators | p. 5 |
Some other sides of the problem of angular divergence | p. 8 |
The optical homogeneity of a medium | p. 8 |
Wavefront correction | p. 8 |
Briefly on the history of the problem | p. 8 |
The Laws of Light-beam Propagation | p. 10 |
Fundamentals of the theory of multielement optical systems | p. 10 |
Ray matrix | p. 11 |
The simplest optical systems in the diffraction approximation | p. 18 |
Complex optical systems with lenses and Gaussian diaphragms | p. 23 |
General case of circular symmetry or simple astigmatism (orthogonal system) | p. 27 |
Polarization characteristics of coherent light beams | p. 31 |
Laws of propagation for major types of light beams | p. 32 |
Plane and spherical waves. The concept of phase velocity | p. 32 |
Gaussian beams | p. 35 |
Hermite and Laguerre beams with real parameters | p. 40 |
Hermite and Laguerre beams with complex parameters. Off-axis beams | p. 47 |
Angular divergence of radiation | p. 51 |
General | p. 51 |
Ideal sources | p. 54 |
Non-ideal sources with plane and spherical equiphase surfaces | p. 60 |
Other types of sources. On coherent and incoherent addition | p. 66 |
The simplest methods to reduce the divergence and its measurement | p. 70 |
Ideal Resonators | p. 73 |
General information on open resonators | p. 73 |
Basics and a little history | p. 73 |
Integral equation and mode spectrum of an arbitrary empty resonator | p. 75 |
Resonators with semitransparent mirrors and a homogeneous active medium | p. 81 |
Classification, equations and conditions of equivalence for ideal resonators | p. 84 |
Matrices of linear resonators | p. 84 |
Classification of resonators according to their ray matrices | p. 87 |
Integral equations and conditions of equivalence for ideal resonators | p. 92 |
Stable resonators | p. 99 |
General solution for resonators having round-trip wave matrices | p. 99 |
Empty stable resonators with infinite mirrors | p. 102 |
Stable resonators with mirrors of finite size | p. 107 |
Plane resonators | p. 113 |
Auxiliary diffraction problem | p. 114 |
Reflection from the open waveguide end | p. 121 |
Modes of a plane strip mirror resonator | p. 125 |
Plane rectangular and circular mirror resonators | p. 129 |
Mode nomenclature and polarization | p. 132 |
Unstable resonators | p. 135 |
A brief historical account | p. 135 |
Geometric approximation | p. 137 |
Unstable resonators with Gaussian mirrors | p. 144 |
Sharp-edge resonators in the diffraction approximation | p. 147 |
Unstable resonators with a partially 'smoothed' edge | p. 154 |
Basic Concepts Concerning the Properties of Real Resonators and the Processes Occurring in Them | p. 159 |
Some experimental data and their discussion | p. 159 |
Early observations of lasing | p. 159 |
Beam divergence of plane-resonator solid state lasers | p. 162 |
On the theory of real resonators | p. 164 |
Principal kinds of perturbations and parasitic effects | p. 167 |
Conditions for the applicability of the perfect resonator model to the description of real lasers | p. 167 |
Interfaces | p. 170 |
Resonators with arbitrarily located diaphragms | p. 173 |
Self-supporting and induced parasitic oscillations | p. 177 |
Large-scale aberrations and light scattering | p. 181 |
Axis displacement resulting from resonator misalignment | p. 181 |
Stable resonators with arbitrary aberrations. Perturbation theory | p. 184 |
Plane resonators with large-scale aberrations | p. 191 |
Large-scale aberrations in unstable resonators | p. 200 |
Light scattering | p. 205 |
Mode competition in the onset of lasing and in steady-state operation | p. 210 |
Initial stage in the onset of lasing in low-diffraction-loss resonators. Iterative method | p. 211 |
Onset of oscillations in unstable resonators | p. 216 |
Multimode generation: basic concepts and its nature | p. 220 |
Spatial competition of modes with different axial indices | p. 225 |
Transverse mode competition | p. 232 |
Pump energy conversion efficiency in laser resonators | p. 239 |
'Local' approach to the evaluation of efficiency | p. 239 |
Total energy balance of excitation and lasing | p. 244 |
Lasers with unstable resonators and local response media | p. 250 |
Lasers with a non-local response medium | p. 255 |
Resonator Applications and Special Configurations | p. 263 |
Basic resonator types | p. 264 |
Main factors determining the choice of resonator type | p. 264 |
Continuous-wave lasers | p. 266 |
Pulsed lasers. Principle of construction and parameter selection of unstable resonators | p. 271 |
Specific features of lasers with unstable resonators | p. 274 |
Methods of the angular selection of radiation | p. 281 |
Attempts at solving the divergence problem with low-diffraction-loss resonators | p. 282 |
Resonators with angular selectors | p. 285 |
Angular selection through reduction of the Fresnel number | p. 291 |
Resonators of lasers with controlled spectral and temporal characteristics | p. 297 |
General | p. 297 |
Oscillators with three-mirror unstable resonators | p. 300 |
Control with an external signal | p. 306 |
Specific resonator configurations | p. 310 |
Unidirectional oscillation and unstable ring resonators | p. 311 |
Resonators with corner reflectors | p. 314 |
Field rotation resonators | p. 321 |
Resonators of lasers with annular active medium cross section | p. 328 |
The Simplest Causes of Aberrations and Methods of Wavefront Correction | p. 337 |
Thermal deformations of resonators | p. 337 |
Thermal deformations of opaque mirrors | p. 339 |
Thermal deformations of semitransparent mirrors and output windows | p. 344 |
Thermal effects in circular active elements of solid state lasers | p. 349 |
Consequences of thermal aberrations in solid state lasers and attempts at their compensation | p. 354 |
Methods of reducing thermal resonator deformations | p. 358 |
Optico-mechanical and holographic methods of wavefront correction. Stimulated scattering-based lasers | p. 365 |
Optico-mechanical correction systems | p. 365 |
Holographic methods of wavefront correction | p. 370 |
Amplifiers and oscillators based on stimulated scattering | p. 377 |
Wavefront conjugation | p. 382 |
Concept and possibilities of the method | p. 382 |
WFC by means of a Fourier filter | p. 390 |
Standard version of four-wave interaction | p. 394 |
Forward interaction | p. 399 |
Backward stimulated scattering and loop arrangements | p. 404 |
Appendix: Paraxial Theory of Systems with Astigmatic Elements | p. 415 |
References | p. 421 |
Index | p. 435 |
Table of Contents provided by Blackwell. All Rights Reserved. |
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