Invitation to Public Speaking (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac),9780534579241

Invitation to Public Speaking (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac)

by
Edition: 1st
ISBN13: 9780534579241
ISBN10: 0534579248
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2003-07-14
Publisher(s): Wadsworth Publishing
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Summary

Are your student's giving the speeches relevant to their lives and the world around them? Do your students understand that they can and will use these public speaking skills outside of the classroom? INVITATION TO PUBLIC SPEAKING will help your students acquire the speaking skills they'll need to succeed in your classroom and in the real world. Grounded in the rhetorical tradition while offering a fresh perspective, this text engages students in the public dialogue and shows them that they will use these skills beyond the classroom. Griffin also explains the reasons why certain things must be done and, most importantly, why students would want to speak publicly. Numerous pedagogical tools, speech-building exercises, thoughtful real-life examples, an invigorating art program, and an engaging voice, will help your students easily comprehend the text's basic concepts, apply them in and out of the classroom, and understand the importance of public speaking in their lives. Class-tested by more than 1000 students and reviewed by well over 100 Public Speaking Instructors, INVITATION TO PUBLIC SPEAKING, offers an exciting new approach to Public Speaking instruction.

Table of Contents

Preface xvii
About the Authors xxv
Why Speak in Public?
2(20)
The Power and Influence of Public Speaking
2(5)
Speech Step 1.1 / Choose an Approach to Public Speaking
7(1)
Culture and Speaking Style
7(2)
What Is Public Speaking?
9(3)
Public Speaking Creates a Community
10(1)
Public Speaking Is Audience Centered
11(1)
Public Speaking Encourages Dialogue
12(1)
Speech Step 1.2 / Consider the Unique Aspects of Public Speaking
12(1)
A Public Speaking Model
12(10)
When Do We Speak in a Public Setting?
14(1)
We Decide to Speak on Matters of Importance
14(1)
We Are Asked to Speak About Our Experiences and Expertise
15(1)
We Are Required to Speak in Class or at Work
16(1)
Speech Step 1.3 / Consider Why You Would Speak in Public
17(1)
Chapter summary
18(1)
Invitation to Public Speaking Online
19(1)
Key Concepts
19(1)
Review Questions
19(1)
The Invitation to Public Speaking Web Site
20(1)
Speech Interactive on the Invitation to Public Speaking CD-ROM
21(1)
Entering the Public Dialogue with Confidence: Your First Speech
22(26)
Types of Public Speaking
24(4)
Informative Speeches
24(1)
Invitational Speeches
25(1)
Persuasive Speeches
26(1)
Speaking on Special Occasions
26(2)
Speaking in Small Groups
28(1)
An Overview of the Speaking Process
28(9)
Invention: Choosing Your Topic and Purpose and Gathering Your Materials
29(3)
Arrangement: Organizing Your Ideas
32(2)
Style: Considering Language and Figures of Speech
34(1)
Memory: Practicing Your Speech
35(1)
Delivery: Giving Your Speech
36(1)
Ten Steps to Entering the Public Dialogue Successfully
37(1)
Speech Step 2.1 / Design a Speech of Introduction or Self-Introduction
38(1)
Overcoming Nervousness in Public Speaking
38(10)
Be Prepared by Doing Your Research
39(1)
Practice Your Speech
40(1)
Have Realistic Expectations About Your Delivery
40(1)
Practice Visualization and Affirmations
41(2)
Find Points of Connection with Your Audience
43(1)
Be a Good Member of an Audience Yourself
43(1)
Student Speech with Commentary
44(1)
Self-Introduction
Tiffany Brisco
Speech Step 2.2 / Reduce Any Anxiety You Feel About Giving a Speech
45(1)
Chapter summary
45(1)
Invitation to Public Speaking Online
46(1)
Key Concepts
46(1)
Review Questions
46(1)
The Invitation to Public Speaking Web Site
46(1)
Speech Interactive on the Invitation to Public Speaking CD-ROM
47(1)
Effective Listening
48(28)
Why Listen to Others?
50(1)
Why We Sometimes Fail to Listen
51(11)
Listener Interference
51(1)
Differences in Listening Styles
52(1)
Speaker Interference Caused by Information
53(1)
Speaker Interference Caused by Language
54(6)
Speaker Interference Caused by Differences
60(2)
Speech Step 3.1 / Help Your Audience Listen to Your Speech
62(1)
How to Listen Effectively
62(3)
Listen for the Speaker's Purpose
62(1)
Listen for the Main Ideas
62(1)
Listen for the Links Between the Ideas
62(1)
Listen for Supporting Evidence and Sources
63(1)
Listen for Consistency of Delivery and Content
63(1)
Write Down New Words and Ideas
63(1)
Write Down Questions
63(1)
Offer Nonverbal Feedback
63(1)
Listen for the Conclusion
63(1)
Take Stock at the End of the Speech
64(1)
Make Adjustments for Listening Styles
64(1)
Speech Step 3.2 / Assess Your Effectiveness as a Listener
65(1)
How to Listen Critically
65(2)
Speech Step 3.3 / Practice Listening Critically
66(1)
How to Listen Ethically
67(1)
Suspend Judgment
67(1)
Assess Information and Respond to the Speaker's Ideas
68(1)
Speakers as Listeners
68(8)
Audiences Who Are Uninterested
68(2)
Audiences Who Are Distracted or Disruptive
70(1)
Audiences Who Are Distracted by the Speaker
70(1)
Audiences Who Are Confused
71(1)
Audiences Who Plan Their Responses Rather Than Listen
71(1)
Chapter summary
71(2)
Invitation to Public Speaking Online
73(1)
Key Concepts
73(1)
Review Questions
73(1)
The Invitation to Public Speaking Web Site
74(1)
Speech Interactive on the Invitation to Public Speaking CD-ROM
75(1)
Developing Your Speech Topic and Purpose
76(24)
How Context Influences Our Speaking Goals
79(2)
Deciding to Speak
79(1)
Being Asked to Speak
79(1)
Being Required to Speak
80(1)
Choosing Your Speech Topic
81(8)
The Classroom Setting
81(1)
Choosing Your Topic When You Are Required to Speak
82(3)
Brainstorming
85(3)
Narrowing Your Topic When You Are Asked to or Decide to Speak
88(1)
Speech Step 4.1 / Generate a List of Possible Speech Topics
89(1)
Articulating Your Purpose
89(5)
General Speaking Purposes
89(1)
Specific Speaking Purposes
90(3)
Speech Step 4.2 / Write a General-Purpose Statement and a Specific-Purpose Statement
93(1)
Stating Your Thesis
94(6)
Speech Step 4.3 / Write a Thesis Statement
96(1)
Chapter summary
97(1)
Invitation to Public Speaking Online
97(1)
Key Concepts
97(1)
Review Questions
97(1)
The Invitation to Public Speaking Web Site
98(1)
Speech Interactive on the Invitation to Public Speaking CD-ROM
99(1)
Your Audience and Speaking Environment
100(24)
What Is an Audience?
102(1)
Considering an Audience as a Group of Diverse People
103(4)
Master Statuses
103(1)
Standpoints, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Values
104(1)
Demographic Audience Analysis
105(2)
Speech Step 5.1 / Conduct a Demographic Audience Analysis
107(1)
Considering an Audience as a Community
107(3)
Voluntary Audiences
108(1)
Involuntary Audiences
109(1)
Speech Step 5.2 / Determine Whether Your Audience Is Voluntary of Involuntary
110(1)
Considering Your Speaking Environment
110(5)
Size and Physical Arrangement
110(2)
Technology
112(1)
Temporal Factors
113(2)
Speech Step 5.3 / Consider Your Speaking Environment
115(1)
Adapting to Audience Expectations
115(9)
Expectations About the Form of a Speech
116(1)
Expectations About the Speaker
117(1)
Expectations About Speaker-Audience Discussions
118(2)
Chapter summary
120(1)
Invitation to Public Speaking Online
121(1)
Key Concepts
121(1)
Review Questions
121(1)
The Invitation to Public Speaking Web Site
122(1)
Speech Interactive on the Invitation to Public Speaking CD-ROM
123(1)
Gathering Supporting Materials
124(30)
Determine What Types of Information You Need
126(2)
Speech Step 6.1 / Prepare Your Research Inventory
128(1)
Use Your Personal Knowledge and Experience
128(1)
Search for Materials on the Internet
129(4)
Internet Basics
129(1)
Search Engines
130(1)
Evaluating Internet Information
131(2)
Research Materials at the Library
133(8)
Orientations
133(1)
Librarians
134(1)
Print and Online Catalogs
135(1)
Databases and Indexes
135(2)
Government Documents
137(1)
Reference Works
138(2)
Evaluating Library Resources
140(1)
Speech Step 6.2 / Research and Evaluate Internet and Library Sources
140(1)
Conduct Research Interviews
141(4)
Determine Who to Interview
141(1)
Schedule the Interview
142(1)
Prepare for the Interview
142(2)
Conduct the Interview
144(1)
Follow Up the Interview
144(1)
Act Professionally and Dress Appropriately
144(1)
Ethical Interviews
145(1)
Research Tips
145(9)
Begin by Filling Out Your Research Inventory
145(1)
Take Notes and Make Copies
146(1)
Avoid Plagiarism
146(1)
Set Up a Filing System
146(1)
Gather More Material Than You Think You'll Need
147(1)
Begin Your Bibliography with Your First Source
147(1)
Thank Others for Their Assistance
147(1)
Speech Step 6.3 / Prepare Your Preliminary Bibliography
148(2)
Chapter summary
150(1)
Invitation to Public Speaking Online
151(1)
Key Concepts
151(1)
Review Questions
151(1)
The Invitation to Public Speaking Web Site
152(1)
Speech Interactive on the Invitation to Public Speaking CD-ROM
153(1)
Developing and Supporting Your Ideas
154(26)
Examples
157(3)
Use Examples to Clarify Concepts
157(1)
Use Examples to Reinforce Points
158(1)
Use Examples to Bring Concepts to Life or to Elicit Emotions
158(1)
Use Examples to Build Your Case or Make Credible Generalizations
159(1)
Tips for Using Examples Effectively
159(1)
Narratives
160(3)
Use Narratives to Personalize a Point
160(1)
Use Narratives to Challenge an Audience to Think in New Ways
161(1)
Use Narratives to Draw an Audience in Emotionally
161(1)
Use Narratives to Unite the Speaker and the Audience
162(1)
Tips for Using Narratives Effectively
162(1)
Statistics
163(5)
Types of Statistics
164(2)
Use Statistics to Synthesize Large Amounts of Information
166(1)
Use Statistics When the Numbers Tell a Powerful Story
166(1)
Use Statistics When Numerical Evidence Strengthens a Claim
166(1)
Tips for Using Statistics Effectively
167(1)
Testimony
168(4)
Use Testimony When You Need the Voice of an Expert
169(1)
Use Testimony to Illustrate Differences or Agreements
169(1)
Use Your Own Testimony When Your Experience Says It Best
170(1)
Paraphrase Testimony to Improve Listenability
170(1)
Tips for Using Testimony Effectively
171(1)
Definitions
172(8)
Use Definitions to Clarify and Create Understanding
173(1)
Use Definitions to Clarify an Emotionally or Politically Charged Word
173(1)
Use Definitions to Illustrate What Something Is Not
174(1)
Use Definitions to Trace the History of a Word
174(1)
Tips for Using Definitions Effectively
174(2)
Speech Step 7.1 / Gather and Evaluate Your Supporting Evidence
176(1)
Chapter summary
176(1)
Invitation to Public Speaking Online
177(1)
Key Concepts
177(1)
Review Questions
177(1)
The Invitation to Public Speaking Web Site
178(1)
Speech Interactive on the Invitation to Public Speaking CD-ROM
178(2)
Reasoning
180(22)
Patterns of Reasoning
182(10)
Induction, or Reasoning from Specific Instances
183(2)
Deduction, or Reasoning from General Principle
185(3)
Causal Reasoning
188(1)
Analogical Reasoning
189(2)
Reasoning by Sign
191(1)
Speech Step 8.1 / Test the Reasoning of Your Arguments
192(1)
A Map of Reasoning
192(3)
Speech Step 8.2 / Apply Toulmin's Model of Reasoning to Your Arguments
195(1)
Tips for Reasoning Ethically
195(7)
Build Your Credibility
195(1)
Speech Step 8.3 / Build Your Credibility with Sound Reasoning
196(1)
Use Accurate Evidence
196(1)
Verify the Structure of Your Reasoning
196(1)
Chapter summary
197(2)
Invitation to Public Speaking Online
199(1)
Key Concepts
199(1)
Review Questions
199(1)
The Invitation to Public Speaking Web Site
200(1)
Speech Interactive on the Invitation to Public Speaking CD-ROM
201(1)
Organizing Your Speech
202(24)
Organize for Clarity
204(1)
Main Points
205(11)
Identify Your Main Points
205(2)
Use an Appropriate Number of Main Points
207(1)
Speech Step 9.1 / Identify and Narrow Down Your Main Points
208(1)
Order Your Main Points
209(4)
Speech Step 9.2 / Select an Organizational Pattern for Your Main Points
213(1)
Tips for Preparing Main Points
214(2)
Speech Step 9.3 / Refine the Wording and Balance of Your Main Points
216(1)
Connectives
216(4)
Transitions
217(1)
Internal Previews
217(1)
Internal Summaries
218(1)
Signposts
218(1)
Speech Step 9.4 / Prepare the Connectives for Your Speech
219(1)
Citing Sources in Speeches
220(6)
Citing Sources Adds Credibility to Your Ideas
220(1)
Citing Sources Adds to Your Own Credibility
220(1)
Rules for Citing Sources
220(2)
Chapter summary
222(1)
Invitation to Public Speaking Online
223(1)
Key Concepts
223(1)
Review Questions
223(1)
The Invitation to Public Speaking Web Site
224(1)
Speech Interactive on the Invitation to Public Speaking CD-ROM
224(2)
Introductions and Conclusions
226(22)
The Introduction
228(2)
Catch the Audience's Attention
228(1)
Reveal the Topic of Your Speech
229(1)
Establish Your Credibility
229(1)
Preview Your Speech
229(1)
Preparing a Compelling Introduction
230(8)
Ask a Question
230(1)
Tell a Story
231(1)
Recite a Quotation or a Poem
231(1)
Give a Demonstration
232(1)
Make an Intriguing or Startling Statement
233(2)
State the Importance of the Topic
235(1)
Share Your Expertise
236(1)
State What's to Come
236(1)
Speech Step 10.1 / Prepare Your Introduction
237(1)
Tips for Your Introduction
237(1)
Speech Step 10.2 / Refine Your Introduction
238(1)
The Conclusion
238(2)
End Your Speech
239(1)
Reinforce Your Thesis Statement
239(1)
Preparing a Compelling Conclusion
240(8)
Summarize Your Main Points
240(1)
Answer Your Introductory Question
241(1)
Refer Back to the Introduction
241(1)
Recite a Quotation
241(1)
Speech Step 10.3 / Prepare Your Conclusion
242(1)
Tips for Your Conclusion
242(1)
Speech Step 10.4 / Refine Your Conclusion
243(1)
Student Speech with Commentary
243(1)
Foothills Gateway: Vote YES on Referendum 1A
Mike Piel
Chapter summary
244(1)
Invitation to Public Speaking Online
245(1)
Key Concepts
245(1)
Review Questions
245(1)
The Invitation to Public Speaking Web Site
246(1)
Speech Interactive on the Invitation to Public Speaking CD-ROM
247(1)
Outlining Your Speech
248(26)
The Preparation Outline
250(13)
Title, Specific Purpose, and Thesis Statement
251(1)
Introduction
251(1)
Main Points, Subpoints, and Sub-Subpoints
252(2)
Conclusion
254(1)
Connectives
254(1)
Works Cited
255(1)
Speech Step 11.1 / Build Your Preparation Outline
255(1)
Tips for the Preparation Outline
255(4)
Speech Step 11.2 / Check the Effectiveness of Your Preparation Outline
259(1)
Preparation Outline with Commentary
260(3)
Why Pi?
Katy Mazz
The Speaking Outline
263(6)
Tips for the Speaking Outline
264(2)
Speech Step 11.3 / Build Your Speaking Outline
266(1)
Speaking Outline with Commentary
267(2)
Why Pi?
Katy Mazz
Note Cards
269(5)
Speech Step 11.4 / Check the Effectiveness of Your Speaking Outline
270(1)
Chapter summary
271(1)
Invitation to Public Speaking Online
272(1)
Key Concepts
272(1)
Review Questions
272(1)
The Invitation to Public Speaking Web Site
272(1)
Speech Interactive on the Invitation to Public Speaking CD-ROM
273(1)
Language
274(20)
Language Is Ambiguous
276(2)
Language and Culture
278(1)
Language and Gender
279(1)
Language and Accuracy
280(2)
Speech Step 12.1 / Evaluate the Inclusiveness and Accuracy of the Language in Your Speech
282(1)
Language and Public Speaking
282(2)
Spoken Language Is More Interactive
282(1)
Spoken Language Is More Casual
283(1)
Spoken Language Is More Repetitive
283(1)
Language, Imagery, and Rhythm
284(10)
Language That Creates Memorable Imagery
284(3)
Speech Step 12.2 / Evaluate the Style and Imagery of the Language in Your Speech
287(1)
Language That Creates a Pleasing Rhythm
287(3)
Speech Step 12.3 / Evaluate the Rhythm of Your Speech
290(1)
Chapter summary
290(1)
Invitation to Public Speaking Online
291(1)
Key Concepts
291(1)
Review Questions
291(1)
The Invitation to Public Speaking Web Site
292(1)
Speech Interactive on the Invitation to Public Speaking CD-ROM
293(1)
Delivering Your Speech
294(26)
Methods of Delivery
296(6)
Extemporaneous Delivery
296(1)
Impromptu Delivery
297(2)
Manuscript Delivery
299(1)
Memorized Delivery
300(2)
Speech Step 13.1 / Select Your Method of Delivery
302(1)
Verbal Components of Delivery
302(4)
Volume
302(1)
Rate
303(1)
Pitch and Inflection
303(1)
Pauses
304(1)
Articulation
305(1)
Pronunciation
305(1)
Dialect
306(1)
Speech Step 13.2 / Refine the Verbal Components of Your Delivery
306(1)
Nonverbal Components of Delivery
306(5)
Personal Appearance
307(1)
Eye Contact
308(1)
Facial Expression
309(1)
Posture
309(1)
Gestures
310(1)
Proxemics
310(1)
Rehearsing Your Speech
311(1)
Speech Step 13.3 / Refine the Nonverbal Components of Your Delivery
312(1)
Question-and-Answer Sessions
312(8)
Preparing for Questions
312(1)
Managing the Question-and-Answer Session
313(3)
Speech Step 13.4 / Prepare for a Question-and Answer Session
316(1)
Chapter summary
316(1)
Invitation to Public Speaking Online
317(1)
Key Concepts
317(1)
Review Questions
317(1)
The Invitation to Public Speaking Web Site
318(1)
Speech Interactive on the Invitation to Public Speaking CD-ROM
319(1)
Visual Aids
320(30)
Why Are Visual Aids Important?
322(2)
Visual Aids Help Gain and Maintain Audience Attention
322(1)
Visual Aids Help Audiences Recall Information
322(1)
Visual Aids Help Explain and Clarify Information
323(1)
Visual Aids May Increase Persuasiveness
323(1)
Visual Aids May Enhance Credibility
324(1)
Visual Aids May Reduce Nervousness
324(1)
Types of Visual Aids
324(8)
Objects, Models, and Demonstrations
324(2)
Handouts
326(1)
Chalkboards and White Boards
326(1)
Poster Boards and Flip Charts
327(1)
Overhead Projectors
328(1)
Slides
329(1)
Videotapes and Audiotapes
330(1)
Computer-Projected Technology
331(1)
Speech Step 14.1 / Identify Visual Aids to Use in Your Speech
332(1)
What to Show on a Visual Aid
332(8)
Lists
332(1)
Charts
333(2)
Graphs
335(1)
Drawings
336(1)
Photographs
337(1)
Maps
338(1)
Speech Step 14.2 / Identify What You Want to Show on Your Visual Aids
339(1)
Formats for Visual Aids
340(5)
Font Style and Size
340(1)
Color
341(2)
Balance
343(1)
Speech Step 14.3 / Design Your Visual Aids
344(1)
Guidelines for Effective Visual Aids
345(5)
Prepare in Advance
345(1)
Practice in Advance
345(1)
Use Your Visual Aids Only When You Discuss Them
345(1)
Explain What Is Shown on Each Visual Aid
345(1)
Talk to the Audience, Not the Visual Aid
345(1)
Chapter summary
346(1)
Invitation to Public Speaking Online
347(1)
Key Concepts
347(1)
Review Questions
347(1)
The Invitation to Public Speaking Web Site
348(1)
Speech Interactive on the Invitation to Public Speaking CD-ROM
349(1)
Informative Speaking
350(22)
Types of Informative Speeches
352(6)
Speeches About Processes
353(1)
Speeches About Events
354(2)
Speeches About Places and People
356(1)
Speeches About Objects
357(1)
Speeches About Concepts
358(1)
Speech Step 15.1 / Select an Informative Speech Type
358(1)
Organizational Patterns for Informative Speeches
358(5)
Chronological Organizational Pattern
359(1)
Spatial Organizational Pattern
360(1)
Causal Organizational Pattern
361(1)
Topical Organizational Pattern
362(1)
Speech Step 15.2 / Select an Organizational Pattern for Your Informative Speech
363(1)
Tips for Giving Effective Informative Speeches
363(3)
Bring Topics to Life
363(1)
Tailor Your Information to Your Audience
364(1)
Use Language That Is Clear and Unbiased
365(1)
Ethical Informative Speaking
366(6)
Student Speech with Commentary
367(2)
U.S. Flag Etiquette
Cindy Gardner
Chapter summary
369(1)
Invitation to Public Speaking Online
370(1)
Key Concepts
370(1)
Review Questions
370(1)
The Invitation to Public Speaking Web Site
370(1)
Speech Interactive on the Invitation to Public Speaking CD-ROM
371(1)
Invitational Speaking
372(28)
The Invitational Speaking Environment
375(2)
The Condition of Equality
376(1)
The Condition of Value
376(1)
The Condition of Self-Determination
376(1)
Types of Invitational Speeches
377(5)
Speeches to Articulate a Position
377(2)
Speeches to Explore an Issue
379(3)
Speech Step 16.1 / Select an Invitational Speech Type
382(1)
Organizational Patterns for Invitational Speeches
382(6)
Chronological Organizational Pattern
382(2)
Spatial Organizational Pattern
384(1)
Topical Organizational Pattern
384(1)
Multiple Perspectives Organizational Pattern
385(3)
Speech Step 16.2 / Select an Organizational Pattern for Your Invitational Speech
388(1)
Tips for Invitational Speaking
388(2)
Know Your Own Position
388(1)
Use Invitational Language
389(1)
Allow Time for Discussion
389(1)
Ethical Invitational Speaking
390(10)
Student Speech with Commentary
391(5)
Creationism vs. Big Bang Theory
Cara Buckley-Ott
Chapter summary
396(1)
Invitation to Public Speaking Online
397(1)
Key Concepts
397(1)
Review Questions
397(1)
The Invitation to Public Speaking Web Site
398(1)
Speech Interactive on the Invitation to Public Speaking CD-ROM
399(1)
Persuasive Speaking
400(24)
Types of Persuasive Speeches
402(3)
Questions of Fact
403(1)
Questions of Value
403(1)
Questions of Policy
403(1)
Speech Step 17.1 / Select a Persuasive Speech Type
404(1)
Organization of Speeches on Questions of Fact
405(1)
Organization of Speeches on Questions of Value
406(1)
Organization of Speeches on Questions of Policy
407(6)
Problem-Solution Organization
408(2)
Problem-Cause-Solution Organization
410(2)
Comparative Advantages Organization
412(1)
Monroe's Motivated Sequence
412(1)
Speech Step 17.2 / Select an Organizational Pattern for Your Persuasive Speech
413(1)
Tips for Effective Persuasive Speaking
413(4)
Be Realistic About Changing Your Audience's Views
414(1)
Use Evidence Fairly and Strategically
415(1)
Use Language That Encourages an Audience to Change
416(1)
Ethical Persuasive Speaking
417(7)
Student Speech with Commentary
418(3)
No More Sugar!
Hans Erian
Chapter summary
421(1)
Review Questions
422(1)
The Invitation to Public Speaking Web Site
422(1)
Speech Interactive on the Invitation to Public Speaking CD-ROM
423(1)
Persuasion and Reasoning
424(27)
Evidence and Persuasion
426(2)
Use Specific Evidence
427(1)
Present Novel Information
427(1)
Use Credible Sources
427(1)
Credibility and Persuasion
428(4)
Types of Credibility
429(1)
Enhancing Your Credibility
430(2)
Emotion and Persuasion
432(4)
Stay Audience Centered
433(1)
Use Vivid Language
434(1)
Balance Emotion and Reason
435(1)
Mythos and Persuasion
436(2)
A Part of the Story Can Tell the Whole Story
436(1)
Mythos Has a Logic
437(1)
Different Cultures Have Different Myths
437(1)
Speech Step 18.1 / Consider Your Reasoning Strategies and Credibility
438(1)
Fallacies
438(13)
Ad Hominem: Against the Person
438(1)
Bandwagon: Everyone Else Agrees
439(1)
Either-Or: A False Dilemma
440(1)
Red Herring: Raising an Irrelevant Issue
440(1)
Slippery Slope: The Second Step Is Inevitable
441(1)
Speech Step 18.2 / Check Your Persuasive Speech for Fallacies
441(1)
Student Speech with Commentary
442(4)
Fat Discrimination
Carol Godart
Chapter summary
446(1)
Invitation to Public Speaking Online
447(1)
Key Concepts
447(1)
Review Questions
447(1)
The Invitation to Public Speaking Web Site
448(1)
Speech Interactive on the Invitation to Public Speaking CD-ROM
449(2)
Speaking on Special Occasions
451(14)
Speeches of Introduction
452(3)
Be Brief
454(1)
Be Accurate
454(1)
Be Appropriate
455(1)
Speeches of Commemoration
455(3)
Share What Is Unique and Special
457(1)
Express Sincere Appreciation
458(1)
Tell the Truth
458(1)
Speech Step 19.1 / Design a Speech of Commemoration
458(1)
Speeches of Acceptance
458(2)
Understand the Purpose of the Award
459(1)
Recognize Others
459(1)
Respect the Time Limitations
459(1)
Speech Step 19.2 / Design a Speech of Acceptance
460(1)
Speeches to Entertain
460(5)
Use Humor Carefully
462(1)
Speak About Meaningful Issues
462(1)
Pay Careful Attention to Your Delivery
462(1)
Speech Step 19.3 / Design a Speech to Entertain
463(1)
Invitation to Public Speaking Online
463(1)
Key Concepts
463(2)
Speaking in Small Groups
465(1)
Small Groups and the Public Dialogue
466(2)
Defining Small Groups
466(1)
Why Do People Speak in Small Groups?
467(1)
Communicating Leadership
468(2)
What Types of Communication Make an Effective Leader?
468(2)
Tips for Being an Effective Leader
470(1)
Participating in Groups
470(3)
Help the Group Complete Tasks Successfully
471(1)
Help Build and Maintain the Group
471(1)
Avoid Placing Individual Needs Above Group Needs
471(1)
Tips for Being an Effective Group Participant
472(1)
Speech Step 20.1 / Consider How Your Speaking Situation and Communication Affects a Group
472(1)
Group Problem Solving
473(2)
Identify the Problem
473(1)
Analyze the Problem
473(1)
Suggest Possible Solutions
474(1)
Consider the Implications of the Solution
474(1)
Reach a Decision About the Best Solution
475(1)
Implement the Solution
475(1)
Speech Step 20.2 / Practice Your Group Problem-Solving Skills
475(1)
Conducting Meetings
475(2)
Provide an Agenda in Advance
476(1)
Specify the Time and Location of the Meeting
476(1)
Be Prepared for the Meeting
476(1)
Use an Effective Procedure for Conducting Meetings
476(1)
Communicate Effectively as a Leader
476(1)
Distribute the Minutes of the Meeting to Group Members
477(1)
Making Group Presentations
477(1)
Oral Reports
477(1)
Panel Discussions
478(1)
Symposiums
478(1)
Team Presentations
479(1)
Tips for Effective Group Presentations
480(1)
Speech Step 20.3 / Design a Group Presentation Speech
480(1)
Invitation to Public Speaking Online
481(1)
Key Concepts
481
Glossary 1(1)
Notes 1(1)
Index 1

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