Health Psychology: Biopsychosocial Interactions, 6th Edition

by Edward P. Sarafino (The College of New Jersey )

Edition: 6th

ISBN13: 9780470129166

ISBN10: 0470129166

Format: Hardcover

Pub. Date: 2008-01-01

Publisher(s): Wiley

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Summary

Edward P. Sarafino's Health Psychology: Biopsychosocial Interactions, 6e integrates research and theory from many disciplines-- such as, psychology, sociology, medicine, allied health, and health and physical education--to describe the interconnectedness between psychology and health. The psychological research cited in the text reflects an eclectic orientation and supports a variety of behavioral, physiological, cognitive, and social/personality viewpoints. Sarafino integrates a focus on lifespan development in health and illness throughout the text. Emphasis is also placed on health and prevention while integrating gender, ethnic, and age differences and similarities. In addition, the book has an internationalized content, giving health information from 14 countries around the world.

An Introduction: Basic Issues and Processes	p. 1
An Overview of Psychology and Health	p. 1
What is Health?	p. 2
An Illness/Wellness Continuum	p. 2
Illness Today and in the Past	p. 2
Viewpoints from History: Physiology, Disease Processes, and the Mind	p. 5
Early Cultures	p. 5
Ancient Greece and Rome	p. 5
The Middle Ages	p. 6
The Renaissance and After	p. 6
Seeing a Need: Psychology's Role in Health	p. 7
Problems in the Health Care System	p. 8
"The Person" in Health and Illness	p. 8
Assess Yourself: What's Your Lifestyle Like?	p. 9
How the Role of Psychology Emerged	p. 10
Clinical Methods and Issues: Behaviorism's Legacy: Progress In Health Psychology's Goals	p. 12
Health Psychology: The Profession	p. 12
Current Perspectives on Health and Illness	p. 13
The Biopsychosocial Perspective	p. 13
Life-Span and Gender Perspectives	p. 16
Relating Health Psychology to Other Science Fields	p. 17
Related Fields	p. 17
Health and Psychology Across Cultures	p. 18
Highlight: Related Nonpsychology Careers	p. 19
Research Methods	p. 21
Experiments	p. 22
Correlational Studies	p. 24
Quasi-Experimental Studies	p. 25
Genetics Research	p. 27
The Body's Physical Systems	p. 31
The Nervous System	p. 32
How the Nervous System Works	p. 32
The Central Nervous System	p. 34
The Peripheral Nervous System	p. 37
Clinical Methods and Issues: Biofeedback Treatment for Paralysis	p. 38
The Endocrine System	p. 40
The Endocrine and Nervous Systems Working Together	p. 40
Adrenal Glands	p. 41
Other Glands	p. 41
The Digestive System	p. 42
Food's Journey Through Digestive Organs	p. 42
Highlight: Our Physiological Individuality	p. 43
Using Nutrients in Metabolism	p. 46
Assess Yourself: How Many Calories Do You Burn While Resting?	p. 47
The Respiratory System	p. 47
The Respiratory Tract	p. 47
Respiratory Function and Disorders	p. 48
The Cardiovascular System	p. 49
The Heart and Blood Vessels	p. 50
Blood Pressure	p. 51
Blood Composition	p. 52
Cardiovascular Disorders	p. 53
The Immune System	p. 54
Antigens	p. 54
The Organs of the Immune System	p. 55
Soldiers of the Immune System	p. 55
Highlight: When Immune Functions are Absent	p. 56
Defending the Body with an Immune Response	p. 58
Less-Than-Optimal Defenses	p. 59
Stress, Illness, and Coping	p. 61
Stress-Its Meaning, Impact, and Sources	p. 61
Experiencing Stress in Our Lives	p. 62
What is Stress?	p. 62
Appraising Events as Stressful	p. 63
Dimensions of Stress	p. 65
Clinical Methods and Issues: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)	p. 66
Biopsychosocial Aspects of Stress	p. 66
Biological Aspects of Stress	p. 66
Psychosocial Aspects of Stress	p. 69
Sources of Stress Throughout Life	p. 72
Sources within the Person	p. 72
Sources in the Family	p. 72
Sources in the Community and Society	p. 75
Highlight: Gender Differences in Caregiving?	p. 76
Measuring Stress	p. 78
Physiological Arousal	p. 78
Highlight: Does Environmental Stress Affect Reactivity to New Stressors?	p. 78
Life Events	p. 79
Daily Hassles	p. 82
Assess Yourself: Hassles in Your Life	p. 82
Can Stress be Good for You?	p. 84
Stress, Biopsychosocial Factors, and Illness	p. 87
Psychosocial Modifiers of Stress	p. 88
Social Support	p. 88
Assess Yourself: How Much Emotional Support Do You Get?	p. 90
A Sense of Personal Control	p. 93
Clinical Methods and Issues: Social Support, Therapy, and Cognitive Processes	p. 94
A Hardy Personality	p. 98
Type A and Type B Behavior Patterns	p. 99
How Stress Affects Health	p. 103
Stress, Behavior, and Illness	p. 103
Stress, Physiology, and Illness	p. 104
Highlight: Sudden "Voodoo" Death	p. 105
Psychoneuroimmunology	p. 106
Psychophysiological Disorders	p. 109
Digestive System Diseases	p. 109
Asthma	p. 109
Recurrent Headache	p. 110
Other Disorders	p. 110
Stress and Cardiovascular Disorders	p. 110
Hypertension	p. 111
Coronary Heart Disease	p. 113
Highlight: Does Acculturation Increase Blood Pressure?	p. 113
Stress and Cancer	p. 114
Coping with and Reducing Stress	p. 117
Coping with Stress	p. 118
What Is Coping?	p. 118
Functions and Methods of Coping	p. 119
Assess Yourself: Your Focuses in Coping	p. 119
Reducing the Potential for Stress	p. 124
Enhancing Social Support	p. 124
Highlight: Does Religiousness Reduce Stress and Enhance Health?	p. 124
Improving One's Personal Control	p. 125
Highlight: The Amish Way of Social Support in Bereavement	p. 126
Organizing One's World Better	p. 126
Exercising: Links to Stress and Health	p. 127
Preparing for Stressful Events	p. 128
Reducing Stress Reactions: Stress Management	p. 128
Medication	p. 128
Behavioral and Cognitive Methods	p. 129
Clinical Methods and Issues: The Case of "Bear"	p. 134
Clinical Methods and Issues: Treating Insomnia	p. 135
Massage, Meditation, and Hypnosis	p. 135
Highlight: Can Increasing Positive Emotions Enhance Health?	p. 137
Using Stress Management to Reduce Coronary Risk	p. 137
Modifying Type A Behavior	p. 137
Treating Hypertension	p. 138
Lifestyles to Enhance Health and Prevent Illness	p. 141
Health-Related Behavior and Health Promotion	p. 141
Health and Behavior	p. 142
Lifestyles, Risk Factors, and Health	p. 142
Highlight: Two Health Behaviors: Breast and Testicular Examinations	p. 145
Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Preventing Illness	p. 145
Problems in Promoting Wellness	p. 147
What Determines People's Health-Related Behavior?	p. 148
General Factors in Health-Related Behavior	p. 148
The Role of Beliefs and Intentions	p. 151
The Role of Less Rational Processes	p. 155
Developmental, Gender, and Sociocultural Factors in Health	p. 157
Development and Health	p. 157
Gender and Health	p. 159
Sociocultural Factors and Health	p. 160
Programs for Health Promotion	p. 162
Methods for Promoting Health	p. 162
Clinical Methods and Issues: Dialogues to Help People Stop Smoking	p. 164
Promoting Health in the Schools	p. 166
Worksite Wellness Programs	p. 167
Community-Based Wellness Programs	p. 167
Assess Yourself: Your Knowledge about AIDS	p. 168
Prevention with Specific Targets: Focusing on AIDS	p. 169
Substance Use and Abuse	p. 174
Substance Abuse	p. 175
Addiction and Dependence	p. 175
Processes Leading to Dependence	p. 176
Smoking Tobacco	p. 177
Who Smokes and How Much?	p. 177
Why People Smoke	p. 179
Highlight: Do Curiosity and Susceptibility "Kill the Cat?"	p. 180
Smoking and Health	p. 182
Highlight: Does Someone Else's Smoking Affect Your Health?	p. 185
Alcohol Use and Abuse	p. 186
Who Drinks, and How Much?	p. 187
Assess Yourself: What's True about Drinking?	p. 187
Why People Use and Abuse Alcohol	p. 189
Highlight: Do You Abuse Alcohol?	p. 190
Drinking and Health	p. 191
Highlight: Drinking-Games People Play	p. 191
Drug Use and Abuse	p. 193
Highlight: Types and Effects of Drugs	p. 193
Who Uses Drugs, and Why?	p. 194
Drug Use and Health	p. 195
Reducing Substance Use and Abuse	p. 195
Preventing Substance Use	p. 196
Quitting a Substance without Therapy	p. 198
Treatment Methods to Stop Substance Use and Abuse	p. 200
Highlight: Where Should Treatment Occur, and What Should Be the Goals and Criteria for Success?	p. 201
Clinical Methods and Issues: Behavioral Methods for Treating Substance Abuse	p. 203
Dealing with the Relapse Problem	p. 205
Nutrition, Weight Control and Diet, Exercise, and Safety	p. 209
Nutrition	p. 210
Components of Food	p. 210
What People Eat	p. 212
Nutrition and Health	p. 213
Weight Control and Diet	p. 216
Desirable and Undesirable Weights	p. 217
Becoming Overly Fat	p. 218
Highlight: Do "Fat-Bugs" Lead to Overweight?	p. 221
Highlight: Which "Carbs" to Avoid	p. 224
Dieting and Treatments to Lose Weight	p. 224
Clinical Methods and Issues: Problem-Solving Training to Control Weight	p. 227
Anorexia and Bulimia	p. 228
Assess Yourself: Your Weight Control Patterns	p. 229
Exercise	p. 231
The Health Effects of Physical Activity	p. 231
Highlight: Types and Amounts of Healthful Exercise	p. 232
Who Gets Enough Exercise, Who Does Not-and Why?	p. 235
Promoting Exercise Behavior	p. 236
Safety	p. 237
Accidents	p. 238
Environmental Hazards	p. 239
Becoming III and Getting Medical Treatment	p. 243
Using Health Services	p. 243
Types of Health Services	p. 244
Specialized Functions of Practitioners	p. 244
Office-Based and Inpatient Treatment	p. 244
The American Health Care System	p. 245
Health Care Systems in Other Countries	p. 247
Perceiving and Interpreting Symptoms	p. 247
Perceiving Symptoms	p. 247
Interpreting and Responding to Symptoms	p. 249
Highlight: Symptoms by Suggestion?	p. 250
Using and Misusing Health Services	p. 251
Who Uses Health Services?	p. 252
Why People Use, Don't Use, and Delay Using Health Services	p. 253
Highlight: A New Meaning for "Diehard" Sports Fan	p. 256
Using Complementary and Alternative Medicine	p. 257
Problematic Health Service Usage	p. 258
The Patient-Practitioner Relationship	p. 258
Patient Preferences for Participation in Medical Care	p. 258
The Practitioner's Behavior and Style	p. 259
Highlight: Fighting for Your Life	p. 260
The Patient's Behavior and Style	p. 262
Assess Yourself: Do You Know Medical Terms' Meanings?	p. 262
Compliance: Adhering to Medical Advice	p. 264
Extent of the Nonadherence Problem	p. 264
Why Patients Do and Do Not Adhere to Medical Advice	p. 265
Patient-Practitioner Interactions	p. 268
Increasing Patient Adherence	p. 269
Clinical Methods and Issues: How to Present Medical Information	p. 271
Focusing on Prevention	p. 271
In the Hospital: The Setting, Procedures, and Effects on Patients	p. 274
The Hospital-Its History, Setting, and Procedures	p. 275
How the Hospital Evolved	p. 275
The Organization and Functioning of Hospitals	p. 276
Roles, Goals, and Communication	p. 277
Assess Yourself: Who's Who in Physician Care	p. 277
The Impact of the "Bottom Line"	p. 279
Being Hospitalized	p. 280
Relations with the Hospital Staff	p. 280
Sick-Role Behavior in the Hospital	p. 282
Emotional Adjustment in the Hospital	p. 283
Coping Processes in Hospital Patients	p. 284
Preparing Patients for Stressful Medical Procedures	p. 285
Highlight: Lamaze Training as a Method of Psychological Preparation for a Medical Procedure	p. 288
When the Hospitalized Patient Is a Child	p. 290
Clinical Methods and Issues: Preparing Children for Impending Hospitalization	p. 292
How Health Psychologists Assist Hospitalized Patients	p. 294
Initial Steps in Helping	p. 294
Tests for Psychological Assessment of Medical Patients	p. 294
Promoting Patients' Health and Adjustment	p. 296
When the Illness Is Terminal	p. 296
The Patient's Age	p. 297
Psychosocial Adjustments to Terminal Illness	p. 298
Medical and Psychological Care of Dying Patients	p. 299
Assess Yourself: Your Living Will Choices	p. 300
A Place to Die-Hospital, Home, or Hospice?	p. 301
Clinical Methods and Issues: Saying Goodbye	p. 301
Physical Symptoms: Pain and Discomfort	p. 305
The Nature and Symptoms of Pain	p. 305
What is Pain?	p. 306
The Qualities and Dimensions of Pain	p. 306
Perceiving Pain	p. 308
Highlight: Acute Pain in Burn Patients	p. 309
Theories of Pain	p. 312
Early Theories of Pain	p. 312
Highlight: Inducing Pain in Laboratory Research	p. 313
The Gate-Control Theory of Pain	p. 315
Biopsychosocial Aspects of Pain	p. 317
Neurochemical Transmission and Inhibition of Pain	p. 317
Personal and Social Experiences and Pain	p. 318
Highlight: Placebos and Pain	p. 319
Emotions, Coping Processes, and Pain	p. 321
Clinical Methods and Issues: Assessing Difficulty Coping with Pain	p. 323
Assessing People's Pain	p. 324
Self-Report Methods	p. 324
Behavioral Assessment Approaches	p. 326
Assess Yourself: Describing Your Pain	p. 327
Psychophysiological Measures	p. 329
Pain in Children	p. 329
Pain and Children's Sensory and Cognitive Development	p. 329
Assessing Pain in Children	p. 330
Managing and Controlling Clinical Pain	p. 333
Clinical Pain	p. 334
Acute Clinical Pain	p. 334
Chronic Clinical Pain	p. 335
Medical Treatments for Pain	p. 336
Surgical Methods for Treating Pain	p. 336
Chemical Methods for Treating Pain	p. 336
Highlight: Types of Pain-Relieving Chemicals	p. 337
Behavioral and Cognitive Methods for Treating Pain	p. 340
The Operant Approach	p. 340
Relaxation and Biofeedback	p. 341
Cognitive Methods	p. 344
Clinical Methods and Issues: Guiding a Client to Pain Redefinition	p. 347
Hypnosis and Interpersonal Therapy	p. 348
Hypnosis as a Treatment for Pain	p. 348
Assess Yourself: Would Behavioral or Cognitive Methods Help Your Pain?	p. 348
Interpersonal Therapy for Pain	p. 349
Physical and Stimulation Therapies for Pain	p. 350
Stimulation Therapies	p. 350
Physical Therapy	p. 352
Highlight: Physical Activity and Back Pain	p. 353
Pain Clinics	p. 354
Multidisciplinary Programs	p. 354
Evaluating the Success of Pain Clinics	p. 355
Chronic and Life-Threatening Health Problems	p. 357
Serious and Disabling Chronic Illnesses: Causes, Management, and Coping	p. 357
Adjusting to a Chronic Illness	p. 358
Initial Reactions to Heaving a Chronic Condition	p. 358
Influences on Coping with a Health Crisis	p. 358
The Coping Process	p. 361
Impacts of Different Chronic Conditions	p. 363
Asthma	p. 363
Epilepsy	p. 365
Highlight: What to Do for a Seizure	p. 366
Nervous System Injuries	p. 367
Diabetes	p. 369
Assess Yourself: Do You Have Diabetes?	p. 371
Highlight: Self-Managing Diabetes	p. 373
Arthritis	p. 375
Alzheimer's Disease	p. 378
Psychosocial Interventions for People with Chronic Conditions	p. 380
Educational, Social Support, and Behavioral Methods	p. 381
Relaxation and Biofeedback	p. 382
Cognitive Methods	p. 382
Clinical Methods and Issues: Treating Asthma with Biofeedback and Relaxation	p. 383
Interpersonal and Family Therapy	p. 384
Heart Disease, Stroke, Cancer, and AIDS: Causes, Management, and Coping	p. 386
Coping with and Adapting to High-Mortality Illness	p. 387
Adapting while the Prospects Seem Good	p. 387
Adapting in a Recurrence or Relapse	p. 388
Heart Disease	p. 389
Who is at Risk of Heart Disease, and Why?	p. 389
Highlight: Anatomy of a Heart Attack	p. 390
Assess Yourself: Are You at Risk for Heart Disease?	p. 391
Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation of Cardiac Patients	p. 392
The Psychosocial Impact of Heart Disease	p. 393
Psychosocial Interventions for Heart Disease	p. 395
Stroke	p. 396
Causes, Effects, and Rehabilitation of Stroke	p. 396
Psychosocial Aspects of Stroke	p. 398
Clinical Methods and Issues: Stroke Rehabilitation for Visual Neglect	p. 399
Cancer	p. 400
The Prevalence and Types of Cancer	p. 400
The Sites, Effects, and Causes of Cancer	p. 400
Diagnosing and Treating Cancer	p. 403
The Psychosocial Impact of Cancer	p. 405
Psychosocial Interventions for Cancer	p. 407
Childhood Cancer	p. 408
Highlight: Can Psychosocial Interventions Improve Cancer Survival?	p. 408
AIDS	p. 409
Risk Factors, Effects, and Treatment of AIDS	p. 409
The Psychosocial Impact of AIDS	p. 411
Psychosocial Interventions for AIDS	p. 411
The Survivors: And Life Goes On	p. 413
Physical and Psychosocial Impact	p. 413
Psychosocial Interventions for Bereavement	p. 414
Reaching a Positive Adaptation	p. 414
Looking to the Future	p. 417
What's Ahead for Health Psychology?	p. 417
Goals for Health Psychology	p. 418
Enhancing Illness Prevention and Treatment	p. 418
Improving Efforts for Helping Patients Cope	p. 419
Documenting the Efficacy and Cost-Benefit Ratio of Care	p. 420
Enhancing Psychologists' Acceptance in Medical Settings	p. 420
Careers and Training in Health Psychology	p. 421
Career Opportunities	p. 421
Clinical Methods and Issues: Psychologists in the Primary Care Team	p. 422
Training Programs	p. 422
Issues and Controversies for The Future	p. 423
Environment, Health, and Psychology	p. 423
Quality of Life	p. 423
Ethical Decisions in Medical Care	p. 424
Future Focuses in Health Psychology	p. 425
Life-Span Health and Illness	p. 425
Assess Yourself: Some Ethical Dilemmas: What Do You Think?	p. 426
Sociocultural Factors in Health	p. 427
Gender Differences and Women's Health Issues	p. 427
Factors Affecting Health Psychology's Future	p. 428
Glossary	p. 430
References	p. 437
Credit	p. 525
Author Index	p. 527
Subject Index	p. 547
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Health Psychology: Biopsychosocial Interactions, 6th Edition

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