Generalist Social Work Practice: An Empowering Approach,9780205501441

Generalist Social Work Practice: An Empowering Approach

by ; ;
Edition: 5th
ISBN13: 9780205501441
ISBN10: 0205501443
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2007-01-01
Publisher(s): Allyn & Bacon
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Summary

The Fifth Edition of this innovative text continues to emphasize a generalist, empowerment-oriented approach, along with practice strategies and techniques for working toward individual client and social change. The Fifth Edition updates the contemporary themes of social work practice into an integrated practice process. New resources extend the research base, add breadth and depth, and position this book as a defining work for articulating an empowerment-based method of social work practice.

Table of Contents

Preface xvii
PART 1 Social Work Practice Perspectives
1(126)
Generalist Social Work Practice
3(21)
Social Work Values and Purpose
6(4)
Human Dignity and Worth
6(1)
Social Justice
6(2)
Defining Social Work
8(1)
Achieving the Purpose of Social Work
9(1)
Generalist Social Work
10(6)
Levels of Intervention in Generalist Practice
10(2)
Policy and Generalist Practice
12(2)
Research in Generalist Practice
14(2)
Advantages of a Multifaceted Approach
16(1)
Social Work Functions and Roles
16(6)
Consultancy
16(2)
Resource Management
18(2)
Education
20(1)
Integrating Generalist Functions
21(1)
Looking Forward
22(1)
Internet Search Terms
23(1)
The Ecosystems Perspective
24(29)
The Knowledge Base of Generalist Practice
26(5)
Theoretical Frameworks for Practice
26(3)
Developing a Practice Framework
29(1)
Analyzing Theoretical Perspectives
29(2)
Key Perspectives for Empowering Practice
31(3)
Ecosystems
31(1)
Constructivism
31(1)
Social Constructionism
32(1)
Feminism
33(1)
The Ecosystems Perspective
34(5)
Humans in Context
34(1)
Focus on Transactions
35(1)
Development as Evolutionary Change
35(1)
Goodness-of-Fit
36(1)
View of Dysfunction
36(3)
Implications for Change
39(1)
Human Systems
39(8)
System Defined
39(3)
Dimensions of Systems
42(1)
A Structural View of Systems
42(1)
An Interactional View of Systems
43(2)
Biopsychosocial Dimensions
45(1)
Cultural Influences
46(1)
Ecosystems: A Conceptual Framework for Practice
47(4)
Identify the Focal System
47(1)
What's Happening Inside the System?
48(1)
What's Happening Outside the System?
49(1)
How Do the Inside and Outside Connect?
49(1)
How Does the System Move through Time?
50(1)
Applying the Ecosystems Framework
50(1)
Looking Forward
51(1)
Internet Search Terms
52(1)
Values and Multicultural Competence
53(26)
Frames of Reference
54(2)
Your Frame of Reference Shows
55(1)
Professional Values and Practice Principles
56(5)
Acceptance
56(1)
Individualization
56(1)
Nonjudgmentalism
57(1)
Objectivity
57(1)
Self-Determination
58(1)
Access to Resources
58(1)
Confidentiality
59(1)
Accountability
59(1)
Value Conflicts in Practice: An Example
59(2)
Personal Values and Resources
61(5)
Use of Self in Social Work
61(1)
Increasing Self-Awareness
61(1)
Values and Principles in Action: A Practice Example
62(2)
How Values Influence Practice
64(2)
Values and Diversity
66(1)
Multicultural Competence
66(4)
Cultural Diversity Defined
67(1)
Proficient Multicultural Practice
68(1)
Cultural Competence
68(2)
Cultural Sensitivity
70(1)
Cultural Responsiveness
70(1)
A Generalist View of Cultural Competence
70(8)
Practitioner-Level Cultural Competence
71(4)
Agency-Level Cultural Competence
75(3)
Community-Level Cultural Competence
78(1)
Looking Forward
78(1)
Internet Search Terms
78(1)
Strengths and Empowerment
79(24)
Strengths Perspective
81(4)
Practice Assumptions
82(1)
Key Transitions
82(2)
Applying a Strengths Perspective
84(1)
Empowerment
85(8)
Personal Dimensions of Empowerment
87(1)
Interpersonal Dimensions of Empowerment
88(1)
Sociopolitical Dimensions of Empowerment
88(2)
Power
90(2)
Empowerment as a Concept and a Process
92(1)
Empowerment-Based Practice
93(9)
The Paradox of an Empowering Process
93(2)
Collaboration and Partnership
95(2)
Characteristics of Empowerment-Centered Social Workers
97(1)
Empowerment-Oriented Strategies
98(4)
Looking Forward
102(1)
Internet Search Terms
102(1)
An Empowering Approach to Generalist Practice
103(24)
Elements of an Empowering Generalist Approach
104(3)
Infusing an Ecosystems Perspective
104(1)
Reflecting a Social Justice Commitment
105(1)
Applying a Strengths Orientation
105(1)
Collaborating with Clients
105(1)
Constructing an Empowering Reality
106(1)
Phases and Processes of Empowering Practice
107(7)
The Dialogue Phase
107(2)
The Discovery Phase
109(1)
The Development Phase
110(3)
From Solving Problems to Promoting Competence
113(1)
Processes in Action: Practice Examples
114(11)
An Example at the Microlevel
115(3)
An Example at the Midlevel
118(5)
An Example at the Macrolevel
123(2)
Looking Forward
125(1)
Internet Search Terms
126(1)
PART 2 The Dialogue Phase: Building Relationships and Describing Situations
127(90)
Forming Partnerships
129(29)
Collaboration and Partnership
130(3)
The Dilemma of Social Workers as Experts
131(1)
The Rewards of Clients as Experts
131(1)
The Social Worker's Role
132(1)
Agency Influences on Worker-Client Relationships
133(1)
Making Initial Contacts
133(5)
Recognizing What Clients Bring
133(1)
Initiating Collaboration
134(1)
Beginning Steps: A Practice Example
135(3)
Qualities of Professional Partnerships
138(8)
Genuineness
140(1)
Acceptance and Respect
140(2)
Trustworthiness
142(1)
Empathy
143(1)
Cultural Sensitivity
144(2)
Purposefulness
146(1)
Constructing Empowering Relationships
146(6)
Recognizing Rights
146(1)
Taking Responsibilities
146(2)
Discussing Rights and Responsibilities
148(1)
Augmenting Power
148(1)
When Clients Feel Powerless
149(1)
Collaborating with Oppressed Clients
150(1)
Voluntary and Involuntary Clients
151(1)
Partnerships with Larger Systems
152(1)
Respecting Confidentiality
152(5)
Absolute and Relative Confidentiality
152(1)
Violating Confidentiality
153(1)
Informed Consent for Releasing Information
154(1)
Privileged Communication
154(2)
Balancing Accountability and Privacy
156(1)
Looking Forward
157(1)
Internet Search Items
157(1)
Articulating Situations
158(31)
Empowering Dialogue
159(2)
Listening and Responding
160(1)
Proactive Responding
161(3)
Describing the Current Situation
161(1)
Orienting toward Goals
162(1)
Searching for Strengths and Resources
163(1)
Sizing Up Situations
163(1)
Exchanging Information
164(6)
Verbal Communication
165(1)
Nonverbal Communication
166(1)
Influences on Communication Processes
167(3)
Assessing the Client's Perspective
170(1)
Responding to Thoughts
171(9)
Allowing Space
171(1)
Nonverbal Responses
172(1)
Single Word Responses
172(1)
Restatement
172(2)
Clarification
174(1)
Summary Clarification
175(1)
Request to Continue
175(1)
Questioning
176(1)
Combining Responses
177(1)
Practice Example
177(3)
Responding to Feelings
180(3)
The Experience of Feelings
181(1)
Identifying Feelings
181(1)
Verbalizing Feelings
181(1)
Validating Feelings
182(1)
Special Issues in Responding
183(3)
Responding to Anger
183(1)
Responding to Silence
184(1)
Responding to Questions
185(1)
Responding to Feedback from Clients
186(1)
Responding to Larger Client Systems
186(2)
Facilitating Discussion
187(1)
Respecting Existing Functioning
188(1)
Looking Forward
188(1)
Internet Search Terms
188(1)
Defining Directions
189(28)
Transforming Challenges into Directions
191(3)
Orienting Forward, Not Back
193(1)
Framing the Search for Resources
194(1)
Integrating Transactional Dimensions
194(1)
Considering Client Motivation
194(3)
A Transactional View of Motivation
195(1)
Motivating Clients Who Have Given Up
195(1)
Aligning Worker and Client Motivations
196(1)
Motivating Larger Systems
196(1)
Collaborating with Clients Who Resist
197(2)
Resistance Is Motivated
198(1)
Cooperating with Resistance
198(1)
Overcoming Environmental Resistance
199(1)
Cooperating with Mandated Clients
199(4)
Constructing Workers' Expectations
200(1)
Structuring a Working Partnership
201(1)
Defining a Motivating Direction
202(1)
Taking Priority Actions
203(11)
Responding to Trauma
203(3)
Responding to the Threat of Suicide
206(2)
Responding to Threats toward Others
208(2)
Responding to Child Abuse
210(2)
Responding to Elder Abuse
212(1)
Responding to Intimate Partner Violence
212(1)
Responding to Survival Needs
213(1)
Responding to Signs of Addiction
213(1)
Looking Forward
214(1)
Internet Search Terms
215(2)
PART 3 The Discovery Phase: Assessing Resources and Planning Change
217(100)
Identifying Strengths
219(29)
Infusing a Strengths Perspective
221(5)
What Are Strengths?
221(1)
Why Identify Strengths?
222(1)
Balancing Strengths and Challenges
223(2)
Looking for Strengths
225(1)
Highlighting Strengths in General Functioning
226(2)
Strengths in Individuals
226(1)
Strengths in Families
227(1)
Strengths in Groups
227(1)
Strengths in Organizations
228(1)
Strengths in Communities
228(1)
Solution-Focused Dialogue
228(4)
Creating a Solution-Saturated Atmosphere
229(1)
Searching for Exceptions
229(1)
Detecting Incremental Steps
230(2)
Searching for Transferable Skills
232(1)
Recognizing Cultural Strengths
232(1)
Strengths in Diversity
232(1)
Ethnic Group Strengths
233(5)
African Americans
233(2)
Latino Americans
235(1)
Asian Americans
236(1)
Native Americans
237(1)
Strengths in Cultural Group Memberships
238(5)
Women
238(2)
Gays and Lesbians
240(1)
Older Adults
241(1)
Religious Affiliations and Spirituality
241(1)
Persons with Disabilities
242(1)
Clients as Resources for Understanding Cultures
243(1)
Uncovering Strengths in Adversity
243(3)
Surviving Oppression
243(2)
Surviving Violence
245(1)
Surviving Family Disruption
246(1)
Looking Forward
246(1)
Internet Search Terms
247(1)
Assessing Resource Capabilities
248(40)
Exploring Resource Systems through Assessment
249(4)
Recognizing Environmental Resources
250(1)
Turning Challenging Situations into Resources
250(1)
Collaborating to Search for Resources
251(2)
Applying Theoretical Frameworks
253(4)
Organizing Assessment Using a Five-Point Ecosystemic Schema
253(1)
Practice Example: Franklin Courts
253(4)
Organizing Assessment: Applying Ecosystemic Questions
257(9)
Assessing Structures
257(3)
Assessing Interactions
260(2)
Assessing Thinking and Feeling
262(1)
Assessing Cultural Influences
263(1)
Assessing Spiritual Dimensions
264(1)
Assessing Physical Environments
265(1)
Putting the Pieces Together
265(1)
Using Assessment Tools
266(10)
Social Histories
267(2)
Genograms
269(1)
Eco-maps
270(2)
Culturally Sensitive Assessment
272(1)
Social Network Maps
272(1)
Group Assessment
273(1)
Organizational Assessment
273(2)
Neighborhood and Community Assessment
275(1)
Tools as Resources for Empowerment
276(1)
Adding Viewpoints
276(2)
Bringing in Significant Others
277(1)
Contacting Other Professionals
277(1)
Assessing through Observation
278(3)
Observations by Clients
278(1)
Observations by Workers
279(2)
Recordkeeping
281(5)
Recording
281(1)
Types of Recording Formats
282(2)
Ethical and Legal Issues in Recordkeeping
284(2)
Looking Forward
286(1)
Internet Search Terms
287(1)
Framing Solutions
288(29)
Collaborative Planning Processes
289(4)
Client Expertise in Planning
290(1)
Worker Expertise in Planning
290(1)
Issues Affecting Collaborative Planning
291(1)
Planning in Multiperson Systems
292(1)
Goals and Objectives
293(8)
Differentiating Goals and Objectives
294(1)
Considering Goals
294(1)
Translating Goals into Objectives
295(6)
Constructing Action Plans
301(13)
Crystallizing Outcome Goals
301(4)
Writing Effective Objectives
305(1)
Prioritizing Objectives
306(1)
Screening Generalist Intervention Strategies
307(4)
Choosing Effective Strategies
311(2)
Delineating Tasks and Responsibilities
313(1)
Setting Reviews and Evaluations
314(1)
Contracting
314(2)
The Evolving Contract
314(1)
Contracting as an Empowering Process
315(1)
Looking Forward
316(1)
Internet Search Terms
316(1)
PART 4 The Development Phase: Implementing, Evaluating, and Stabilizing Change
317(146)
Activating Resources
319(32)
Applying Generalist Intervention Skills
322(1)
Intervention across System Levels
322(1)
Maintaining Progress in the Action Plan
323(7)
Implementing Action Plans
323(1)
Enhancing Interactions
324(3)
Sustaining Motivation
327(3)
Developing Power
330(3)
Promoting Leadership
330(1)
Recognizing Choices
331(1)
Locating Genuine Options
331(1)
Magnifying Strengths
332(1)
Changing Perspectives
333(8)
Offering Feedback
333(1)
Constructing Feedback
333(2)
Creating New Concepts
335(1)
Using Narrative Strategies
336(1)
Trying Out New Behaviors
337(4)
Managing Resources
341(3)
Linking Clients with Resources
341(2)
Case Advocacy
343(1)
Maximizing Clients' Rights
343(1)
Educating
344(5)
Teaching
345(2)
Sharing Information
347(2)
Looking Forward
349(1)
Internet Search Terms
350(1)
Creating Alliances
351(33)
The Power of Alliances
353(1)
Developing Alliances through Groups
353(7)
Groups and Empowerment
353(2)
Mutual Aid in Groups
355(1)
Facilitating Group Functioning
356(1)
Social Action in Groups
357(1)
Self-Help Groups
358(2)
Strengthening Natural Support Alliances
360(3)
Social Support
360(2)
Workers' Roles in Encouraging Social Support
362(1)
Case Management: Client-Service Alliances
363(12)
Case Management Defined
364(1)
The Purpose of Case Management
365(1)
Case Management in Action: A Practice Example
365(2)
Case Management Activities with Clients
367(2)
Case Management Activities with the Delivery System
369(1)
Workers' Resources for Case Management
370(2)
Critical Issues and Ethical Dilemmas
372(3)
Organizational Alliances for Service Delivery
375(3)
Building Interagency Coalitions
375(2)
Working on Teams
377(1)
Leading Effective Meetings
377(1)
Professional Support Networks
378(5)
Alliances within Organizations
378(2)
Job Stress and Burnout
380(1)
Professional Memberships
381(1)
Connections in Cyberspace
382(1)
Looking Forward
383(1)
Internet Search Terms
383(1)
Expanding Opportunities
384(25)
Opportunities: Keys to Empowerment
386(2)
Empowerment and Opportunities
386(1)
Empowerment in Groups and Communities
387(1)
Resource Expansion
388(3)
Identifying Resource Shortages
388(1)
Mobilizing Resources
388(2)
Educating the Public
390(1)
Writing Grants
390(1)
Community Change
391(5)
Community Theories
392(1)
Community Organizing
392(2)
Community Development
394(1)
Empowerment and Community Development
395(1)
Policy Development
396(4)
Policy Analysis and Change
398(1)
Consumer Participation in Policy Development
399(1)
Social Activism and Social Advocacy
400(5)
A Heritage of Social Reform
400(1)
Promoting Social Action
401(1)
Advocacy Role
401(2)
Political Awareness
403(1)
Social Work and Political Perspectives
404(1)
Legislative Advocacy
405(2)
Legislative Analysis
405(1)
Lobbying
406(1)
Legislative Testimony
406(1)
Looking Forward
407(1)
Internet Search Terms
408(1)
Recognizing Success
409(27)
Social Work Evaluation and Research
410(2)
Integrating Practice and Research
412(1)
Practice Evaluation
412(8)
Progress Evaluation
413(1)
Client Outcome Assessment
414(1)
Program Evaluation
415(5)
Research
420(5)
The Research Process
420(1)
Research Terminology
421(3)
Qualitative and Quantitative Data Analysis
424(1)
Ethics in Research
424(1)
Single-System Designs
425(8)
Phases of Single-System Designs
426(1)
Types of Single-System Designs
427(5)
Limitations of Single-System Designs
432(1)
Action Research
433(2)
Looking Forward
435(1)
Internet Search Terms
435(1)
Integrating Gains
436(27)
Social Work Endings
438(1)
Completing Contracts
439(9)
Preparing for Resolution
439(1)
Discussing Readiness
440(1)
Evaluating
441(1)
Reviewing Progress
442(1)
Sharing Feelings
442(1)
Generalizing Outcomes
443(2)
Firming Up Social Supports
445(1)
Celebrations and Ritualized Endings
446(2)
Closing with Referral
448(4)
Acknowledging Limited Resources
448(1)
Implementing Legal Mandates
449(1)
Recognizing Interim Success
450(1)
Making Referrals
450(2)
Responding to Clients' Discontinuation of Services
452(2)
Preparing for Early Discontinuation
452(1)
Recognizing Exit Clues
453(1)
Resolving Unplanned Exits
453(1)
When Clients Die
454(3)
Grief
454(1)
Grieving the Death of a Client
455(2)
Resolving Relationships with Larger Systems
457(5)
Small Group Endings
457(2)
Resolving Intermember Relationships
459(1)
Endings with Organizations and Communities
460(2)
Endings Are Beginnings
462(1)
Internet Search Terms
462(1)
Epilogue 463(2)
Appendix: NASW Code of Ethics 465(20)
Glossary 485(9)
References 494(32)
Author Index 526(7)
Subject Index 533

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