From Many Lands Voices of the Poor

by USA, Oxford University Press; Narayan, Deepa; Petesch, Patti

ISBN13: 9780821350492

ISBN10: 0821350498

Format: Paperback

Pub. Date: 2002-01-01

Publisher(s): World Bank Publications

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Summary

"'From Many Lands' gives us an opportunity to meet the invisible people, see their invisible world, and hear their voices as they talk among themselves and talk to us. What this will mean to us, that is up to us to decide. Muhammad Yunus Founder and Managing Director; Grameen BankVoices of the Poor is a multicountry research initiative to understand poverty from the standpoint of the poor. The Voices of the Poor project was undertaken to inform the World Bank's activities and the World Development Report 2000/2001.There are three books from this project:Can Anyone Hear Us? This volume gathers the voices of over 40,000 poor women and men in 50 countries from the World Bank's participatory poverty assessments.Crying Out For Change. This book pulls together new field work conducted in 1999 in 23 countries.From Many Lands presents 14 country case studies and concludes with an overview chapter on an empowering approach to development.Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-521603-2 World Bank ISBN 0-8213-5049-8 Recommended Products:Can Anyone Hear Us? (Voices of the Poor series) Crying Out for Change (Voices of the Poor series) Customers who bought this product also bought:The Microfinance Revolution Frontiers of Development Economics"

Foreword

xiii

Acknowledgments

Introduction

(16)

Methodological Framework and Study Process

(5)

Study Background

(1)

Research Partnerships

(1)

Sampling Framework

(1)

Data Analyses

(1)

Follow-up

(1)

Challenges in Writing and Editing this Book

(1)

The Importance of Context Specificity

(4)

Organization of the Book

(5)

Ghana - ``Empty Pockets''

(34)

Hunger and Illbeing

(10)

No Money

(1)

Diverse Obstacles to Farming

(3)

Joblessness

(1)

Coping

(2)

Government Is Important, but Its Help Falls Short

(8)

Missing Basic Services

(4)

Faith in Chiefs and Churches

(2)

Little Regard for NGOs

(1)

Growing Responsibilities for Women, but Few Rights

(4)

Economic Gains?

(2)

Widespread Gender Violence

(1)

Conclusion

(9)

Malawi - Tangled Web

(34)

Doing Well and Doing Poorly: No Plate-Drying Rack

(2)

Caught in a Web of Misery

(17)

Empty Stomachs

(1)

Early Marriage, High Fertility, and Less Land

(1)

Costly Fertilizers and Devalued Currency

(1)

Precarious Jobs

(1)

Weather Vagaries

(1)

No Credit

(2)

Inadequate Water and Roads

(1)

The Reach for Schooling

(1)

Endangered Health

(2)

Divorced and Widowed Women

(1)

Children Left Behind without Hope

(1)

Theft and Other Crime

(2)

Trapped in the Tangle

(2)

A Few Break Free

(2)

Turning to Each Other

(2)

Conclusion

(8)

Nigeria - Illbeing and Insecurity

(28)

Downward Slide

(3)

Poor Governance

(3)

Poorly Functioning Private Sector

(2)

Religious and Community-Based Institutions: Trusted but Noninclusive

(2)

Illbeing

(7)

Bodily Risks

(1)

Eroding Physical Environment and Dilapidated Infrastructure

(1)

Seasonal Stresses

(1)

Crime and Conflict

(1)

Education's Mixed Promise

100

(2)

Signs of Hope

102

(1)

The Gulf of Gender Inequities

103

(3)

Domestic Violence

104

(1)

The Stigma of Women without Men

105

(1)

Conclusion

106

(7)

Bangladesh - Waves of Disaster

113

(34)

Poor People's Many Risks

116

(14)

Hunger, Weakness, and Poor Health

118

(2)

Lack of Assets

120

(2)

Insecure Livelihoods

122

(4)

Floods and Erosion

126

(1)

Crime, Violence, and Police Harassment

127

(1)

Dowry

128

(2)

Sources of Vulnerability and Abuse of Women

130

(3)

Institutions in Bangladesh

133

(5)

Failing Grades for Local Government

133

(1)

Dependence on Moneylenders

134

(1)

NGOs: Reliable and Trustworthy

135

(2)

Religious Institutions: Important but Limited

137

(1)

Conclusion

138

(9)

India - Gains and Stagnation in Bihar and Andhra Pradesh

147

(34)

Experiences of Wellbeing and Illbeing

152

(8)

Criteria of Wellbeing

152

(4)

Community Problems and Priorities

156

(4)

Mixed Trends

160

(1)

Contribution of Institutions to Wellbeing

161

(9)

Leading Institutions in Netarhat

161

(1)

State Institutions

162

(5)

Local Institutions

167

(3)

Gender Relations

170

(3)

More Varied Livelihoods

171

(1)

Changes in Household Decision Making

171

(1)

Domestic Violence

172

(1)

Still a Long Way to Go

173

(1)

Conclusion

173

(8)

Indonesia - Coping with Vulnerability and Crisis

181

(32)

Exposed on Many Fronts

184

(9)

Market Shocks

185

(3)

Lack of Assets and Access to Common Property Resources

188

(2)

Remoteness, Isolation, and Lack of Bargaining Power

190

(1)

Seasonal and Environmental Stresses and Shocks

191

(2)

Reducing Insecurity: Role of Formal and Informal Institutions

193

(9)

Little Trust in Public Institutions

193

(6)

Struggling to Get Credit: Formal and Informal Sources

199

(1)

Building Informal Survival Networks

200

(2)

Gender Relations Increase Women's Vulnerability

202

(5)

Improvements over Time

203

(1)

The Devastation of Divorce

204

(1)

Domestic Abuse Declining but Still Prevalent

205

(2)

Conclusion

207

(6)

Bosnia and Herzegovina - War-Torn Lives

213

(26)

Loss upon Loss

216

(4)

Physical and Emotional Suffering

217

(1)

Destruction of the Middle Class

217

(1)

The War Is to Blame

218

(2)

Unemployment and the Collapse of Industry

220

(1)

The Displaced: Seeking House and Home

221

(2)

Organizing in Glogova

221

(1)

Squalor in Tombak

222

(1)

Displaced People in Capljina

223

(1)

Struggling to Cope

223

(4)

New Roles for Women and Men

224

(1)

Violence in the Home

225

(1)

Young People Lose Hope

226

(1)

Nowhere to Turn

227

(6)

The Failure of State Institutions

227

(2)

Business Owners, War Profiteers, and Returnees

229

(2)

Humanitarian Aid Falters

231

(1)

Relying on Relatives Near and Far

232

(1)

Conclusion

233

(6)

Bulgaria - Reeling from Change

239

(36)

The Struggling Majority

242

(9)

Unkept Promises

245

(1)

Unemployment: The Double Loss

246

(1)

Alienation and Humiliation

247

(1)

``We Are Like Refuse'': Child Outcasts

248

(3)

Continuing Struggles for Minorities

251

(3)

Navigating the Changes

254

(4)

The Return to Subsistence Agriculture

254

(1)

The ``Real'' Economy

255

(3)

The Helpful Institutions: ``Your Own People''

258

(7)

State Institutions

259

(5)

NGOs Stepping In

264

(1)

The Legacy of Patriarchy

265

(3)

Conclusion

268

(7)

Kyrgyz Republic - Crumbling Support, Deepening Poverty

275

(26)

Kok Yangak, a Town in Crisis

279

(1)

Communities in Struggle

280

(6)

Precarious Livelihoods

282

(1)

Absence of Basic Infrastructure

283

(2)

Mounting Social Problems

285

(1)

Limited Institutional Support

286

(5)

State Institutions: Fractured and Lacking Accountability

286

(4)

Social Networks: Invaluable but Stretched

290

(1)

Conflicting Gender Roles

291

(5)

Unsettled Times for Households

292

(1)

Reports of Domestic Abuse

293

(2)

Women and Men in Society

295

(1)

Conclusion

296

(5)

The Russian Federation - Struggling against the Tide

301

(32)

The New Poor and the New Elite

305

(5)

The Unraveling of a ``Normal Life''

305

(3)

The ``New Russians''

308

(2)

Struggling to Hang On

310

(7)

Delayed Wages, Vanishing Jobs

310

(2)

Informal Work and Subsistence Agriculture

312

(1)

Lawlessness and Ineffective Police

313

(2)

Alcoholism

315

(1)

Health Risks

316

(1)

Decaying Governance

317

(7)

Bureaucratic Disintegration and Corruption

319

(2)

The Private Sector

321

(1)

Civic and Religious Groups

322

(1)

Family and Friends

322

(2)

Women's Increasing Responsibilities

324

(2)

Conclusion

326

(7)

Argentina - Life Used to Be Better

333

(30)

Lost Livelihoods and the New Labor Markets

337

(2)

Insecurity and Struggling Families

339

(8)

Gender Roles Overturned

341

(2)

Abuse at Home

343

(1)

Effects on the Next Generation

344

(3)

Pervasive Crime

347

(2)

Police Brutality

348

(1)

Safer Places in the Countryside

349

(1)

Limited Community and Governmental Responses to Poverty

349

(6)

Community-Based Actions and Partnerships

350

(3)

Government Helps Poor People Survive

353

(2)

Problems beyond Poor Communities

355

(1)

Conclusion

356

(7)

Brazil - Gains and Losses in the Favelas

363

(32)

Joblessness, Underemployment, and Workplace Abuses

366

(3)

Life amid Violence

369

(8)

Fear in the Streets

369

(2)

Fear in the Home

371

(4)

Violence, Substance Abuse, and Children

375

(2)

Poverty, Power, and Social Class

377

(2)

Poor Brazilians' Interactions with Institutions

379

(10)

What Works and What Doesn't in Novo Horizonte

381

(2)

Progress in the Favelas

383

(3)

Self-Help in Brazilian Favelas

386

(3)

Conclusion

389

(6)

Ecuador - The Perils of Poverty

395

(34)

Problems and Priorities

398

(10)

Hunger

398

(1)

Livelihood and Property Insecurity

399

(4)

Violence and Race

403

(1)

Interlocking Environmental Risks

404

(3)

Striving for Education

407

(1)

Encounters with Institutions

408

(9)

Government Services

409

(3)

NGOs and Churches

412

(1)

Community Action

413

(4)

Gender Dynamics in the Family

417

(3)

Conclusion

420

(9)

Jamaica - Island in a Turbulent World

429

(32)

Buffeted by Global Forces

432

(7)

Scarce Livelihoods

432

(4)

Extreme Weather and Environmental Change

436

(1)

The Local and Global Drug Trade

437

(2)

The Struggle for a Better Life

439

(4)

Going Away to Get By

439

(1)

Local Entrepreneurship

440

(1)

Education Loses Its Appeal

441

(2)

Poor People and Public Services

443

(3)

Government and ``Politricks''

443

(2)

Valued Institutions in Little Bay

445

(1)

A Caring Culture Under Strain

446

(6)

Helping the Young and Less Fortunate

447

(1)

Resisting Crime and Conflict

448

(2)

Maroon Traditions under Stress

450

(2)

Women Reach for Independence and Security

452

(3)

Conclusion

455

(6)

Conclusion - An Empowering Approach to Poverty Reduction

461

(34)

Poor People's Assets and Capabilities

462

(9)

Material Assets

462

(2)

Bodily Health

464

(1)

Bodily Integrity

464

(1)

Emotional Integrity

465

(1)

Respect and Dignity

466

(1)

Social Belonging

467

(1)

Cultural Identity

467

(2)

Imagination, Information, and Education

469

(1)

Organizational Capacity

469

(1)

Political Representation and Accountability

470

(1)

Impact of Economic Turmoil and Policy Changes

471

(6)

Economy-wide Stresses, Deteriorating Livelihoods and Incomes

472

(3)

Rising Prices

475

(1)

Crumbling Public Services

476

(1)

The Culture of Mediating Institutions: State, Market, and Civic

477

(3)

Corruption

477

(1)

Clientelism and Patronage

478

(1)

Lawlessness, Crime, and Conflict

478

(1)

Discriminatory Behavior

479

(1)

Alienation and Hopelessness

480

(1)

Households under Stress

480

(7)

The Persistent Insecurity of Women

481

(2)

``Let the Children Be All Right''

483

(4)

Addressing State Failure: An Empowering Approach to Development

487

(8)

Promote Pro-poor Economic Policies

488

(1)

Invest in Poor People's Assets and Capabilities

489

(1)

Support Partnerships with Poor People

490

(1)

Address Gender Inequity and Children's Vulnerability

491

(1)

Protect Poor People's Rights

492

(3)

Appendix 1 - Development Indicators for Fourteen Country Case Studies

495

(6)

Appendix 2 - Country Currencies and the 1999 Exchange Rate

501

(2)

Appendix 3 - Overview of Study Themes and Methods

503

From Many Lands Voices of the Poor

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