| Preface |
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vii | |
| Introduction |
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ix | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xi | |
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1 | (20) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (2) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (5) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (4) |
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Diffraction and Resolution Limits |
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9 | (3) |
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The Quantum Theory and Photons |
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12 | (3) |
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15 | (4) |
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The Energy of Bound Electrons |
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15 | (4) |
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19 | (1) |
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The Planck Equation and Photochemical Reactions |
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19 | (2) |
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20 | (1) |
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Introduction to Photophysics |
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21 | (24) |
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From Atoms to Molecules: The Formation of Chemical Bonds |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (2) |
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Excitation and Deactivation of Molecules |
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25 | (12) |
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25 | (1) |
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The Excitation Coefficient: The Beer-Lambert Law |
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26 | (2) |
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The Franck-Condon Principle |
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28 | (1) |
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Deactivation from Singlet Excited States |
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29 | (1) |
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Fluorescence Excitation Spectrum |
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30 | (1) |
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Excitation-Emission Matrices |
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30 | (3) |
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33 | (2) |
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Deactivation of the First Singlet Excited State by Intersystem Crossing to the Triplet State |
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35 | (2) |
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Factors Influencing the Fluorescence Quantum Yield |
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37 | (3) |
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Definition of the Fluorescence Quantum Yield |
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37 | (1) |
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Sensitivity of Fluorescence to Environment |
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38 | (1) |
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Impurity Quenching of Fluorescence: The Stern-Volmer Equation |
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39 | (1) |
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Quenching of the First Excited Singlet State By Energy Transfer |
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40 | (5) |
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Energy Transfer Between Singlet States |
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40 | (3) |
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43 | (2) |
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Basic Approaches to the Experimental Study of Chemical and Biological Luminescence |
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45 | (24) |
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Long-Lifetime Probes: Metal-ligand Complexes as a New Class of Long-Lived Fluorophores for Protein Hydrodynamics |
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45 | (12) |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (3) |
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60 | (1) |
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Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) |
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61 | (8) |
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68 | (1) |
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Methods and Instrumentation |
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69 | (68) |
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Spectrofluorometers and Cell Sorters |
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69 | (2) |
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71 | (1) |
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71 | (3) |
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74 | (1) |
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Detectors Used in Fluorescence Imaging |
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74 | (3) |
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Charge-Coupled Devices: CCDs |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (2) |
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77 | (1) |
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Fluorescence Imaging with CCD Cameras |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (2) |
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78 | (1) |
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Ratio Fluorescence Microscopy |
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79 | (12) |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (3) |
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93 | (1) |
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Multiprobe Approach to the Study of Intercellular Communication |
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94 | (7) |
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94 | (7) |
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Photodiode Array Fluorescence Spectroscopy |
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101 | (1) |
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Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy |
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102 | (7) |
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103 | (1) |
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Three-Dimensional Confocal Microscopy: Volume Investigation of Biological Specimens |
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103 | (2) |
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105 | (1) |
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Confocal 3-D Volume Investigation |
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105 | (2) |
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107 | (1) |
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Fluorophores for Confocal Microscopy |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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Biological Applications of Confocal Microscopy |
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108 | (1) |
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Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIM) |
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109 | (8) |
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116 | (1) |
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Frequency-Domain Spectroscopy and Tomography of Tissues |
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117 | (2) |
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Fluorescence Lifetime Spectroscopy and Imaging in Scattering Media with Frequency-Domain Techniques |
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117 | (2) |
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119 | (1) |
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Fluorescence Photobleaching Recovery (FPR, Also FRAP) and Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) Chimeras |
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119 | (6) |
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125 | (1) |
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Time-Resolved Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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Fluorescence Polarization in the Microscope |
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126 | (2) |
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128 | (1) |
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Polarization Fluorescence Photobleaching Recovery (PFPR) |
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128 | (1) |
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Picosecond Fluorescence Kinetics |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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Raman Fluorescence Spectroscopy in Single Living Cells |
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130 | (3) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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Experimental Time-Resolved Methods and Photon Migration in Tissues Studied by Time-Resolved Spectroscopy |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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Fourier Transform Spectroscopy in the Infrared |
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134 | (1) |
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Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) |
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135 | (2) |
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136 | (1) |
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New Methods. Theoretical Basis and Potential Applications to Biology |
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137 | (82) |
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Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy (TIRF) in Cells |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (1) |
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Surface Fluorescence Detection by a Microscope |
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139 | (2) |
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141 | (1) |
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Intracellular Sensing and Optical Imaging Beyond the Diffraction Limit: Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy (SNOM) |
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141 | (6) |
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147 | (1) |
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Optical Forces, Optical Traps, Optical Tweezers in Combination with Microspectroscopy and Fluorescent DNA Intercalating Dyes |
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147 | (10) |
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156 | (1) |
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Fourier Interferometric Stimulation (FIS) and Spectral Image Analysis |
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157 | (2) |
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158 | (1) |
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Fourier Transform Multiplex Spectroscopy and Spectral Imaging of Protoporphyrin in Single Melanoma Cells |
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159 | (3) |
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162 | (1) |
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Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) |
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162 | (14) |
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162 | (4) |
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166 | (1) |
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FISH Applicable to Metaphase Spreads and Interphase Chromosome |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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Chromosomal Localization of Clone by FISH |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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Activity Banding of Human Chromosomes |
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168 | (8) |
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176 | (1) |
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Beyond FISH: Multicolor Spectral Karyotyping of Human Chromosomes (SKY) |
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176 | (3) |
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178 | (1) |
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Combinatorial Multi-fluor FISH |
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179 | (11) |
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190 | (1) |
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Two-Photon Excitation Induced Fluorescence |
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190 | (10) |
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199 | (1) |
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Three-Photon Induced Fluorescence |
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200 | (6) |
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206 | (1) |
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Light Fluorescence Quenching (LQ) and Stimulated Emission (SE) |
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206 | (10) |
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216 | (1) |
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Related Topics: Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy of Breast |
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216 | (3) |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (313) |
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219 | (31) |
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219 | (7) |
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226 | (1) |
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Calcium Compartmentalization in the Sarcoplasmic and Endoplasmic Reticulum: Spatially and Functionally Distinct Calcium Stores |
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227 | (8) |
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235 | (1) |
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Localization of Sodium/Calcium Exchanger in Rat Cortical Astrocytes |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (2) |
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238 | (1) |
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Videomicrofluorometry of pH in Single Living Cells |
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238 | (2) |
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240 | (1) |
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Yolk Platelet pH Studies During Xenopus laevis Development |
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240 | (10) |
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250 | (1) |
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Membrane Potential Probes |
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250 | (17) |
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260 | (1) |
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Confocal Microscopy of Potentiometric Dyes |
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261 | (6) |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (228) |
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Mitochondrial Fluorescence Probes |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (2) |
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Quantitative Differential Effects of Mitochondrial Probe Rhodamine 123 on Human Normal Cells and Colon Cancer Cells |
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269 | (2) |
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271 | (1) |
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Aberrant Mitochondria in Colon Carcinoma Lines |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (1) |
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Monitoring of Relative Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Living Cells by Fluorescence Microscopy and Perturbation of Rhodamine 123 Accumulation in Mitochondria |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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Rhodamine 123 and Analogs on Function and Viability of Pulsating Myocardial Cells |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (1) |
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Resistance to Rhodamine 123 |
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275 | (2) |
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277 | (1) |
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Mitochondrial Alterations in Cancerous Cells and Targets for Therapy |
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277 | (4) |
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281 | (1) |
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Localization of Mitochondria with Rhodamine 123 and Its Significance in Oncology |
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281 | (6) |
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287 | (1) |
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A New Mitochondrial Probe: J-Aggregate Formation of the Lipophilic Cation JC-1 |
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287 | (8) |
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295 | (1) |
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Simultaneous Imaging of Cell and Mitochondrial Membrane Potentials |
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295 | (2) |
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297 | (1) |
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Membrane Potentials in Individual Mitochondria with Imaging in Five Dimensions |
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297 | (8) |
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305 | (1) |
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Cytosolic Calcium Transients and Concurrent Mitochondrial Depolarizations |
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305 | (5) |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (5) |
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316 | (1) |
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The Endoplasmic Reticulum-Golgi Membrane System ER-Golgi Trafficking |
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316 | (1) |
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317 | (3) |
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Golgi Studies in Hepatocytes and Fibroblasts |
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320 | (1) |
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320 | (3) |
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Golgi Studies in Fusion-Competent and Fusion-Deficient Myoblasts |
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323 | (1) |
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323 | (3) |
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326 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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Transbilayer Movement of Bodipy-Labeled Lipids in Lipid Vesicles |
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326 | (2) |
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328 | (1) |
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A Modulator of Endocytosis: Ceramide |
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329 | (1) |
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330 | (1) |
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Non-endocytic Uptake of Fluorescent Analogs of Phosphatidylserine |
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331 | (1) |
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The Acidification of the Cytosol-Stimulated C6-NDP-PS Uptake in Chinese Hamster (CHO) Fibroblasts |
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332 | (2) |
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334 | (1) |
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Spectral Properties of Plasma Membrane Lipid Analog; the First Seconds of Endocytosis |
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334 | (5) |
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339 | (1) |
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Transferrin Endocytic Sorting |
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339 | (7) |
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346 | (1) |
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Retardation of Transferrin Receptor Recycling by Bafilomycin A |
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346 | (6) |
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352 | (1) |
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352 | (1) |
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Cell-Permeant Probes for Lysosomes |
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352 | (2) |
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354 | (1) |
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Other Lysosomotropic Probes |
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354 | (2) |
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356 | (1) |
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Fluorogenic Probes of Lysosomal Hydrolases |
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357 | (4) |
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361 | (1) |
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Fluorescent Probes of Lysosomal Hydrolases |
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362 | (1) |
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363 | (1) |
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Lysosomes in Cells Treated with Cytotoxic Agents |
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363 | (1) |
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364 | (4) |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
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368 | (3) |
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371 | (1) |
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Construction of the Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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371 | (4) |
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375 | (1) |
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Dynamic Behavior of ER in Living Cells |
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375 | (4) |
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379 | (1) |
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Dynamics of the ER in Nonmuscle and Muscle Cells |
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379 | (4) |
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383 | (1) |
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Dynamics of the Cytoskeleton-Organelle Connections |
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383 | (1) |
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384 | (1) |
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384 | (5) |
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389 | (1) |
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389 | (1) |
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Microinjection of Probes for Microtubules |
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389 | (3) |
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392 | (1) |
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Microtubule Stress Fibers and Endoplasmic Reticulum Interaction |
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393 | (8) |
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401 | (1) |
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Effects of Microtubules on Mitochondrial Distribution |
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401 | (3) |
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404 | (1) |
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Distribution of Microtubules and Inactivation of Organelle Motility in Cells Photosensitized by 3-3'-Dihexyl Carbocyanine Iodide [Dioc6(3)] |
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404 | (3) |
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407 | (1) |
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Midzone Microtubule Bundles and Cytokinesis |
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407 | (3) |
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410 | (1) |
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Actin Assembly in the Cortical Region of Growing Neurites in PC-12 Cells |
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410 | (5) |
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415 | (1) |
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Dynamics of Nonfilamentous Actin |
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415 | (1) |
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416 | (1) |
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Cortical Movement of Microinjected Actin in the Formation of Contractile Ring in Dividing Cultured Animal Cells |
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416 | (3) |
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419 | (1) |
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Actin and α-Actinin Along Stress Fibers |
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419 | (3) |
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422 | (1) |
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Possible Role of Treadmilling in Exchange of Actin Subunits at the Leading Edge of Living Fibroblasts |
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422 | (2) |
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424 | (1) |
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Exchangeability of α-Actinin in Cardiac Fibroblasts and Myocytes |
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424 | (2) |
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426 | (1) |
|
α-Actinin Aggregates in Transformed Cells |
|
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426 | (2) |
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428 | (1) |
|
Cytokinesis and 3-D Orientation of Actin Filaments |
|
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429 | (5) |
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434 | (1) |
|
Surface Receptor Movement During Cell Division |
|
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434 | (5) |
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|
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439 | (1) |
|
Spindle Dynamics and Cytokinesis In Vitro |
|
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439 | (6) |
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445 | (1) |
|
Localization of Profilin in Living Cells |
|
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445 | (4) |
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449 | (1) |
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449 | (1) |
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Formation of Myosin-Containing Filaments in 3T3 Fibroblasts |
|
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449 | (2) |
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451 | (1) |
|
Studies with Labeled Myosin in Myotubes |
|
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451 | (3) |
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454 | (1) |
|
Premyofibrils in Cultured Adult Cardiomyocytes |
|
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454 | (3) |
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457 | (1) |
|
Force Transmission at the Site of Costameres in Rat Cardiomyocytes |
|
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457 | (6) |
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|
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463 | (1) |
|
Myofibrillogenesis in Living Embryonic Cardiomyocytes Transfected with Plasmids Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) Linked to α-Actinin |
|
|
463 | (2) |
|
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
Talin Dynamics in Nonmuscle Cells |
|
|
465 | (2) |
|
|
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467 | (1) |
|
Localization of the Fusion Construct (Titin-Fragment-GFP) in the Z-Bands of Myocytes: Overexpression and Disassembly |
|
|
467 | (3) |
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|
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470 | (1) |
|
Zeugmatin in the Z-Band Targeting Region of Titin |
|
|
470 | (4) |
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|
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474 | (1) |
|
Probes of the Intermediate Filaments |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
Cytoskeletal-Extracellular Matrix Interactions |
|
|
476 | (5) |
|
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
Disruption of Microfilament Organization by Microinjection of Plasma Vitamin D-Binding Protein |
|
|
482 | (2) |
|
Fluorescent Probes of Cell Division |
|
|
484 | (2) |
|
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
Cell Motility in Living Cells |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
Probes of Membrane Anchoring |
|
|
488 | (7) |
|
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
Probes of Cell Metabolism in the Living Cell, as a Receptacle of Smart Probes |
|
|
495 | (2) |
|
Probes of Cyclic Amp (cAMP) Probing, Signaling and Oscillations |
|
|
497 | (2) |
|
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
|
|
499 | (7) |
|
Fluorescent Oligonucleotide Conjugates |
|
|
499 | (2) |
|
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
Live Cell Nucleic Acid Stains |
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
Molecular Mechanisms Controlling the Incorporation of Fluorescent Nucleotides into DNA By PCR |
|
|
504 | (2) |
|
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
Probes of Oxygenation and Anoxia |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
Fluorescent Probes of Reduced Glutathione and Thiol Groups |
|
|
507 | (4) |
|
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
|
|
510 | (1) |
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|
|
510 | (1) |
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|
511 | (2) |
|
|
|
512 | (1) |
|
Caged Substrates and Photoactivated Probes |
|
|
513 | (16) |
|
Intracellular Calcium Signaling Studied by Caged Compounds |
|
|
513 | (11) |
|
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
Calcium Waves Synchronized by Mitochondrial Substrates |
|
|
524 | (5) |
|
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
Optical Thermometry in Single Living Cells |
|
|
529 | (3) |
|
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
Applications of Fluorescence Techniques to Study Biological Processes in Normal and Pathological Cells |
|
|
532 | (29) |
|
|
|
532 | (17) |
|
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
|
|
549 | (12) |
|
Calcium Signaling, Signal Decoding and Calcium Oscillations |
|
|
549 | (2) |
|
|
|
551 | (1) |
|
Cyclic AMP Signaling and Oscillations |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
Fluorescence Probing of the Phosphorylation-Dephosphorylation Model for the Mitotic Oscillator in Embryonic Cells |
|
|
553 | (7) |
|
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
|
561 | (106) |
|
|
|
561 | (36) |
|
Computerized Image Analysis and Topographic Immunofluorescence Study of Human Glioma Cultures |
|
|
561 | (5) |
|
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
Evidence That Two Fundamentally Different Mechanisms Change Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Expression by Gliomas |
|
|
566 | (3) |
|
Beyond GFAP in Molecular Neuropathology of Brain Tumors |
|
|
569 | (9) |
|
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
More on Patterns of Antigenic Expression by Glioma Cells |
|
|
578 | (3) |
|
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen and Ki-67 Immunochemistry in Brain Tumors |
|
|
581 | (2) |
|
|
|
583 | (1) |
|
Accumulation of Wild Type P53 Protein in Human Astrocytomas |
|
|
583 | (2) |
|
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
Expression of Neurofibromatosis 2 Gene NF2 Encoded Merlin and Related Erm Family Proteins in the Human Central Nervous System |
|
|
585 | (5) |
|
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
Nuclear Parameters as Prognosis Indicators in Glioblastoma Patients |
|
|
591 | (3) |
|
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
Chromosome Breakpoint at 17q11.2 and Insertion of DNA from Three Different Chromosomes in a Glioblastoma with Exceptional Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Expression |
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
Fish Imaging to Identify the Origin of the Insert in Chromosome 17 at Locus 17q11.2 |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
|
|
597 | (2) |
|
Stromal and Nuclear Markers for Rapid Identification of Pituitary Adenomas at Biopsy |
|
|
597 | (2) |
|
|
|
599 | (6) |
|
Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of Breast |
|
|
599 | (1) |
|
Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy |
|
|
599 | (1) |
|
Combination of Immunofluorescence and FISH |
|
|
599 | (1) |
|
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy |
|
|
599 | (6) |
|
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
|
|
605 | (15) |
|
|
|
605 | (4) |
|
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
Immunocytochemical Localization of Superoxide Dismutase in Human Lung |
|
|
609 | (6) |
|
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
ISH (FISH) to Study EC-SOD mRNA Expression in the Human Lung |
|
|
616 | (4) |
|
|
|
620 | (1) |
|
|
|
620 | (4) |
|
Computerized Pathology Image Classification of Prostate Cancer and Retrieval |
|
|
620 | (1) |
|
|
|
621 | (2) |
|
Prostate Gland with Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PIN) |
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
|
|
624 | (5) |
|
Fluorescence Endoscopic Imaging of Human Colonic Adenomas |
|
|
624 | (3) |
|
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
Mitochondria of Human Colon Carcinoma Lines |
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
Inhibition of Rat Colon Tumor Growth with Dequalinium Chloride |
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
Rhodamine 123 Probing of Feline Sarcoma-Virus Transformed Mink Fibroblasts |
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
|
|
630 | (1) |
|
Immunoperoxidase Studies of Tumors |
|
|
630 | (4) |
|
Tumors with Images of the Characteristic Immunoperoxidase Reaction |
|
|
634 | (20) |
|
|
|
654 | (3) |
|
Fluorescence Probes in Viral Pathology |
|
|
654 | (2) |
|
|
|
656 | (1) |
|
|
|
657 | (10) |
|
|
|
666 | (1) |
| Appendix Fluorescence of Cell Organelles |
|
667 | (12) |
| Index |
|
679 | |