| Preface |
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ix | |
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1 | (29) |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (1) |
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Methods of Acquiring Knowledge |
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4 | (6) |
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10 | (3) |
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Advantage of the Scientific Method |
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13 | (1) |
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Characteristics of the Scientific Approach |
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13 | (5) |
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18 | (2) |
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Basic Assumptions Underlying Science |
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20 | (2) |
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22 | (2) |
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The Role of Theory in Science |
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24 | (1) |
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The Role of the Scientist in Science |
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25 | (5) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (2) |
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Nonexperimental Research Approaches |
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30 | (30) |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (1) |
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Nonexperimental Quantitative Research |
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33 | (17) |
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50 | (10) |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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The Experimental Research Approach |
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60 | (16) |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (4) |
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The Psychological Experiment |
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66 | (6) |
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Experimental Research Settings |
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72 | (4) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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Problem Identification and Hypothesis Formation |
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76 | (24) |
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76 | (2) |
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78 | (1) |
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Sources of Research Ideas |
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78 | (4) |
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Gender Bias in Research Ideas |
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82 | (1) |
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Ideas Not Capable of Scientific Investigation |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (10) |
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93 | (1) |
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Formulating the Research Problem |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (5) |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (2) |
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100 | (43) |
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100 | (2) |
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102 | (1) |
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Research Ethics: What Are They? |
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103 | (5) |
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108 | (5) |
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Development of the APA Code of Ethics |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (9) |
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Issues Raised by the Code of Ethics |
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123 | (11) |
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Ethics of Animal Research |
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134 | (9) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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Variables Used in Experimentation |
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143 | (27) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (14) |
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160 | (10) |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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Control in Experimentation |
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170 | (25) |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (2) |
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Control of Extraneous Variables |
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173 | (1) |
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Extraneous Variables to be Controlled |
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174 | (7) |
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Research Participant and Experimenter Effects to Be Controlled |
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181 | (10) |
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Sequencing Effect to Be Controlled |
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191 | (1) |
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Additional Extraneous Variables to Be Held Constant |
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192 | (3) |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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Techniques for Achieving Constancy |
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195 | (36) |
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195 | (2) |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (6) |
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203 | (9) |
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212 | (6) |
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Control of Participant Effects |
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218 | (5) |
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Control of Experimenter Effects |
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223 | (5) |
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Likelihood of Achieving Control |
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228 | (3) |
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228 | (2) |
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230 | (1) |
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Experimental Research Design |
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231 | (29) |
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231 | (2) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (4) |
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Requirements of True Research Designs |
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238 | (2) |
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240 | (2) |
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242 | (14) |
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Choice of a Research Design |
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256 | (4) |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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Quasi-Experimental Designs |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (2) |
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262 | (1) |
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Nonequivalent Control Group Design |
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263 | (8) |
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271 | |
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276 | (1) |
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276 | |
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Single-Case Research Designs |
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260 | (44) |
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277 | (2) |
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279 | (2) |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (4) |
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286 | (4) |
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290 | (4) |
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Changing-Criterion Design |
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294 | (2) |
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Methodological Considerations in Using Single-Case Designs |
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296 | (3) |
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Criteria for Evaluating Change |
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299 | (2) |
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301 | (3) |
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302 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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304 | (21) |
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304 | (2) |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (3) |
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309 | (2) |
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311 | (3) |
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314 | (1) |
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Scheduling of Research Participants |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (2) |
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317 | (1) |
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318 | (1) |
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318 | (2) |
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Debriefing, or Postexperimental Interview |
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320 | (5) |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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325 | (33) |
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325 | (2) |
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327 | (1) |
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328 | (1) |
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329 | (1) |
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330 | (2) |
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Selection of a Statistical Test |
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332 | (2) |
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Independent Samples t-Test |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (3) |
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338 | (16) |
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Potential Errors in the Statistical Decision-Making Process |
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354 | (4) |
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356 | (1) |
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357 | (1) |
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358 | (18) |
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358 | (2) |
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360 | (1) |
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360 | (4) |
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364 | (3) |
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367 | (3) |
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Relationship Between Internal and External Validity |
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370 | (1) |
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Cautions in Evaluating the External Validity of Experiments |
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371 | (5) |
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374 | (1) |
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375 | (1) |
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376 | (43) |
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376 | (1) |
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377 | (2) |
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379 | (28) |
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Preparation of the Research Report |
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407 | (12) |
| Appendixes |
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419 | (6) |
| References |
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425 | (20) |
| Index |
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445 | |