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| Aspects of vocabulary learning |
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Types of meaning polysemy, synonymy, collocation, connotation, register |
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Making the most of your dictionary |
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Collocation the real thing, the genuine article |
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Polysemy fair, flat, drill |
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Metaphor be on the ball, all the world's a stage |
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Register garments, clothes, clobber |
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Connotation and cultural associations cowboys, black cats |
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| Word formation |
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Abbreviations and acronyms ID, FAQ, o.n.o. |
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Prefixes: creating new meanings over-, cross-, e- |
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Suffixes: productive suffixes and word classes -free, -proof, -esque |
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Word-building and word-blending biodegradable, cybercafe, guesstimate |
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Global contact and language enrichment loan word, roster, intelligentsia |
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Similar but different: words easily confused series/serial, moist/damp |
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| Work and study |
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At work: colleagues and routines flexi-time, freelance, job-share |
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At work: career and promotion drive, perks, glass ceiling |
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Business 1 telemarketing, niche market, entrepreneurship |
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Business 2 submit a tender, default on a payment |
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Cramming for success: study and academic work rote-learning, assignment, deadline |
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Education: debates and issues elitism, league tables, the three Rs |
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| People and relationships |
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Talking about yourself diligent, shrewd, sagacious |
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Relationships: positive aspects infatuated, amiable, kindred spirits |
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Relationships: problems disloyal, unsupportive, family feud |
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Passions: reactions and emotions conciliate, rapture, blissful |
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Feelings: antipathies and aversions abhorrence, loathing, fickle |
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Observing others: appearance and mannerisms lanky, grimace, pout |
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Observing others: character traits impulsive, diffident, gullible |
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Birth and death: from cradle to grave Caesarean section, obituaries, mourning |
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| Leisure and lifestyle |
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Free time: relaxation and leisure time-consuming, dabbler, shopaholic |
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All the rage: clothes and fashion frumpy, dressed to kill, without frills |
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Homestyles, lifestyles granny flat, minimalism, household word |
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Socialising and networking housewarming, hobnob, clique |
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The performance arts: reviews and critiques hackneyed, typecast, rendition |
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The plastic arts philistinism, impenetrable, tongue-in-cheek |
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Talking about books chronicle, memoirs, compulsive reading |
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We are what we eat wholesome, GM, unsavoury |
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Dinner's on me: entertaining and eating out sweet tooth, calorie-conscious, teetotal |
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| Travel |
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On the road: traffic and driving hit-and-run, road rage, tailback |
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Travel and accommodation deluxe, charter, half board |
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Tourism back to nature, eco-tourism, discerning |
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| The environment |
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Describing the world paddy field, prairies, migrant |
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Weather and climate clammy, sweltering, snowed under |
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Buildings in metaphors glass ceiling, tower of strength, key to success |
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Trees, plants and metaphors nip in the bud, germinate, shrivel |
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Animals and birds rodent, herbivore, fur trade |
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Environment and conservation endangered, fossil fuels, pristine |
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| Society and institutions |
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Here to help: service encounters obliging, shoddy, on hold |
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Authorities: customs and police sniffer dog, on-the-spot fine, drug squad |
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World views: ways of thinking bigot, assumption, tenet |
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Festivals in their cultural context renewal, commemorate, raucous |
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Talking about languages Germanic, syntax, pictograms |
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History usurp power, feudal, serf |
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Poverty: the haves and the have nots malnutrition, GDP, destitute |
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British politics lobbyist, petition, grievance |
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The language of law impeach, embezzle, overturn a verdict |
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War and peace deterrent, hostilities, biological warfare |
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Economy and finance debt, sanctions, devaluation |
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Personal finance: balancing your books strapped for cash, broke, golden handshake |
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| The media |
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The media: print agony aunt, flyer, pamphlet |
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The media: Internet and e-mail chat room, browse, cookie |
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Advertising rock-bottom prices, state-of the-art, trailers |
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The news: gathering and delivering column inch, sound bite, hot off the press |
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| Health |
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Health and illness 1 go down with, hepatitis, typhoid |
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Health and illness 2 aches and pains, nauseous, acupuncture |
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Health and illness 3 side effects, jaundiced view, prognosis |
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Diet, sport and fitness cholesterol, cardiovascular, move the goalposts |
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| Technology |
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Aspects of industrialisation low-tech, subsidies, lame duck |
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Technology and its impact PDA, biotechnology, ergonomics |
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Future visions virtual reality, e-commerce, gene therapy |
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| Basic concepts |
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Space: expanse and confinement rambling, poky labyrinth |
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Time: sequence and duration donkey's years, over the hill, fleeting |
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Motion: nuances of pace and movement hobble, trudge, stream |
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Manner: behaviour and body language mind your Ps and Qs, etiquette, twitch |
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Sound: from noise to silence noiseless, deafening, wail |
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Weight and density unwieldy, congeal, impervious |
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Colour: range and intensity ginger, pastel, grey cells |
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Speed pop, scuttle, rocket |
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Cause and effect generate, spark off, bring about |
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Comparison and contrast affinity, disparate, discrete |
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Difficulties, dilemmas and hitches glitch, gruelling, in a fix |
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Modality: expressing facts, opinions, desires the odds are, expedient, compulsory |
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Number: statistics and assessing quantity IQ, aggregate, round down |
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| Functional vocabulary |
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Permission and prohibition acquiesce, veto, outlaw |
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Complaining and protesting grouse, whinge, find fault |
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Apologising, forgiving and reconciliation alibi, remorse, exonerate |
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Complimenting and praising laud, flatter, obsequious |
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Promises and bets vow, pledge, have a flutter |
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Reminiscences and regrets the good old days, look back, lament |
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Agreement, disagreement and compromise tally, rift, concession |
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Academic writing 1 infer, distort, append |
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Academic writing 2 reiterate, epitomise, allude |
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Writing: style and format doodle, block capitals, bullet |
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Lexical strategies for speaking thingummy, umpteen, a touch of |
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Speech: style and articulation shriek, lisp, slur |
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Vague language expressions smattermg, more or less, or whatever |
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| Idioms and phrasal verbs |
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Types of idiom have second thoughts, in the dark, stumbling block |
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Idioms for situations up and running, a complete shambles, as clear as mud |
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Idioms that comment on people 1 so ft spot, the brains behind, on cloud nine |
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Idioms that comment on people 2 a rough diamond, a dark horse, at loggerheads |
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Idioms that comment on stories and reports out of the blue, famous last words, small world |
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Phrasal verbs 1 stand back from, stand in for, stand up for |
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Phrasal verbs 2 slog away, pelt down, bottle out |
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Phrasal verbs 3 miss out on, branch out, bubble over with |
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| Aspects of variation |
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Divided by a common language: American and British English kitty-corner, deplane, faucet |
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Other Englishes: diversity and variety craic, beaut, shroff |
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Language and gender spokesperson, butch, effeminate |
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Language of age and social class oik, wireless, luncheon |
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Newspaper headline language crackdown, louts, besiege |
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| Key |
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220 | (72) |
| List of phonetic symbols |
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292 | (1) |
| Index |
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293 | (22) |
| Acknowledgements |
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315 | |
Other versions by this Author
