Elementary Fluid Mechanics,9780471013105

Elementary Fluid Mechanics

by ; ;
Edition: 7th
ISBN13: 9780471013105
ISBN10: 0471013102
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 1995-06-29
Publisher(s): Wiley
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Summary

This edition retains the basic approach and style that has appealed to readers for over fifty years. The first half focuses on fundamental physical and analytical principles. The second half covers applications of those principles to flow in pipes and open channels, lift and drag, fluid machinery, and compressible flow. The final chapter is an introduction to an array of fluid measurements and the instruments for making them.

Author Biography

Robert L. Street (Stanford Univ.)
Gary Z. Watters (California State Univ., Chico)
John K. Vennard

Table of Contents

Fundamentals
1(34)
The Scope of Fluid Mechanics
1(1)
Historical Perspective
2(1)
Physical Characteristics of the Fluid State
3(3)
Units, Density, Specific Weight, Specific Volume, and Specific Gravity
6(6)
Compressibility, Elasticity
12(4)
Viscosity
16(10)
Surface Tension, Capillarity
26(3)
Vapor Pressure
29(6)
References
30(1)
Films
31(1)
Problems
31(4)
Fluid Statics
35(56)
Pressure Variation with Elevation
35(7)
Absolute and Gage Pressures
42(3)
Manometry
45(4)
Pressure Forces on Plane Surfaces
49(8)
Pressure Forces on Curved Surfaces
57(7)
Buoyancy and Stability of Floating Bodies
64(4)
Fluid Masses Subjected to Acceleration
68(23)
Problems
76(15)
Kinematics of Fluid Motion
91(16)
Steady and Unsteady Flow Streamlines, and Streamtubes
91(3)
One-, Two-, and Three-Dimensional Flows---Streamlines and Flowfields
94(2)
Velocity and Acceleration
96(5)
Circulation, Vorticity, and Rotation
101(6)
Films
105(1)
Problems
105(2)
Systems, Control Volumes, Conservation of Mass, and The Reynolds Transport Theorem
107(18)
The System vis-a-vis the Control Volume
107(1)
Conservation of Mass: The Continuity Equation---One-Dimensional Steady Flow
108(5)
Conservation of Mass: The Continuity Equation---Two-Dimensional Steady Flow
113(6)
The Reynolds Transport Theorem
119(6)
Problems
122(3)
Flow of an Incompressible Ideal Fluid
125(64)
One-Dimensional Flow
126(1)
Euler's Equation
126(1)
Bernoulli's Equation with Energy and Hydraulic Grade Lines
127(1)
The One-Dimensional Assumption for Streamtubes of Finite Cross Section
128(2)
Applications of Bernoulli's Equation
130(11)
The Work-Energy Equation
141(5)
Two-Dimensional Flow
146(1)
Euler's Equations
146(2)
Bernoulli's Equation
148(1)
Applications of Bernoulli's Equation
149(13)
Stream Function and Velocity Potential
162(27)
References
168(1)
Films
168(1)
Film Loops
169(1)
Problems
169(20)
The Impulse-Momentum Principle
189(40)
Principles and Elementary Applications
190(1)
The Linear Impulse-Momentum Equation
190(2)
Pipe Flow Applications
192(4)
Open Channel Flow Applications
196(8)
The Angular Impulse-Momentum Principle
204(3)
Flow Machines
207(1)
Jet Propulsion
207(3)
Propellers and Windmills
210(5)
Rocket Propulsion
215(14)
References
217(1)
Problems
217(12)
Flow of a Real Fluid
229(62)
Qualitative Views
231(1)
Laminar Flow and Turbulent Flow
231(3)
Turbulent Flow and Eddy Viscosity
234(5)
Fluid Flow Past Solid Boundaries
239(2)
External Flows
241(1)
Characteristics of the Boundary Layer
241(6)
The Laminar Boundary Layer---Incompressible Flow
247(3)
The Turbulent Boundary Layer---Incompressible Flow
250(4)
Separation
254(3)
Secondary Flow
257(1)
Internal Flows
257(1)
Flow Establishment---Boundary Layers
258(1)
Shear Stress and Head Loss
259(4)
The First Law of Thermodynamics and Shear Stress Effects
263(5)
Velocity Distribution and Its Significance
268(4)
Separation
272(1)
Secondary Flow
273(2)
The Navier-Stokes Equations for Incompressible Flow
274(1)
Derivation of the Navier-Stokes Equations for Two-Dimensional Flow
275(5)
Applications of the Navier-Stokes Equations
280(11)
References
285(1)
Films
285(1)
Problems
285(6)
Similitude, Dimensional Analysis, and Normalization of Equations of Motion
291(32)
Similitude and Physical Models
293(13)
Dimensional Analysis
306(8)
Normalization of Equations
314(9)
References
316(1)
Films
317(1)
Problems
317(6)
Flow in Pipes
323(110)
Steady Flow
323(1)
Fundamental Equations
323(2)
Laminar flow
325(4)
Turbulent Flow---Smooth Pipes
329(9)
Turbulent Flow---Rough Pipes
338(2)
Classification of Smoothness and Roughness---Impact on Friction Factor
340(4)
Pipe Friction Factors
344(7)
Pipe Friction in Noncircular Pipes---The Hydraulic Radius
351(2)
Pipe Friction---Empirical Formulas
353(5)
Local Losses in Pipelines
358(9)
Pipeline Problems---Single Pipes
367(13)
Pipeline Problems---Multiple Pipes
380(9)
Unsteady Flow
388(1)
Unsteady Flow and Water Hammer in Pipelines
389(3)
Rigid Water Column Theory
392(8)
Elastic Theory (Water Hammer)
400(33)
References
411(1)
Films
412(1)
Problems
412(21)
Flow in Open Channels
433(56)
Fundamentals
433(2)
Uniform Flow---The Chezy Equation
435(2)
The Chezy Coefficient and the Manning n
437(4)
Uniform Laminar Flow
441(1)
Hydraulic Radius Considerations
442(5)
Specific Energy, Critical Depth, and Critical Slope---Wide Rectangular Channels
447(9)
Specific Energy, Critical Depth, and Critical Slope---Nonrectangular Channels
456(2)
Controls and the Occurrence of Critical Depth
458(3)
The Hydraulic Jump
461(1)
Varied Flow
462(27)
References
476(1)
Films
476(1)
Problems
476(13)
Lift and Drag---Incompressible Flow
489(46)
Fundamentals
490(1)
Definitions
490(3)
Dimensional Analysis
493(4)
Drag and Lift
497(1)
Profile Drag
497(6)
Lift and Circulation
503(5)
Applications
506(2)
Airfoils---Finite Length
508(4)
Airfoils---Lift and Drag Diagrams
512(3)
Some Aerodynamics of Baseballs
515(3)
Forces on Structures
518(7)
Some Aerodynamics of Road Vehicles
525(10)
References
530(1)
Film
531(1)
Problems
531(4)
Introduction to Fluid Machinery
535(38)
Analysis and Characteristics of Turbomachines
535(9)
Deflectors and Blades---The Impulse Turbine
544(7)
Reaction Turbine and Centrifugal Pump
551(7)
Practical Applications
558(15)
References
566(1)
Problems
566(7)
Flow of Compressible Fluids
573(54)
The Laws of Thermodynamics
574(5)
One-Dimensional Ideal Flow
579(1)
Euler's Equation and the Energy Equation
579(2)
Integration of the Euler Equation
581(2)
The Stagnation Point
583(2)
The One-Dimensional Assumption
585(1)
Subsonic and Supersonic Velocities
586(1)
The Convergent Nozzle
586(3)
Constriction in a Streamtube
589(2)
The Convergent-Divergent Nozzle
591(4)
Two-Dimensional Ideal Flow
594(1)
Euler's Equations and Their Integration
595(1)
Application of the Equations
596(4)
Shock Waves
599(1)
The Normal Shock Wave
600(3)
The Oblique Shock Wave
603(3)
Real Fluid Flow in Pipes
606(1)
Pipe Friction
606(2)
Isothermal Pipe Flow
608(3)
Adiabatic Pipe Flow with Friction
611(3)
Drag and Lift
613(1)
The Mach Wave
614(1)
Phenomena and Definitions
615(2)
Drag
617(3)
Lift
620(7)
References
622(1)
Films
623(1)
Problems
623(4)
Fluid Measurements
627(58)
Fluid Properties Measurement
630(1)
Density
630(2)
Viscosity
632(3)
Pressure Measurement
635(1)
Static Pressure
635(2)
Surface Elevation
637(2)
Stagnation Pressure
639(1)
Velocity Measurement
640(1)
Pitot-Static Tube---Incompressible Flow
640(3)
Pitot-Static Tube---Compressible Flow
643(2)
Mechanical Anemometers and Current Meters
645(2)
Hot-Wire, Hot-Film, Sonic, and Laser-Doppler Anemometers
647(5)
Shear Measurement
652(1)
Shear Determined By Inference
652(1)
Wall Probes
652(2)
Flowrate Measurement
654(1)
Venturi Meters
654(3)
Nozzles
657(2)
Orifices
659(6)
Elbow Meters
665(1)
Weirs
666(7)
Current-Meter Measurements
673(12)
References
675(1)
Films
675(1)
Problems
676(9)
APPENDIX 1 SYMBOLS, UNITS, AND DIMENSIONS 685(4)
APPENDIX 2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS 689(8)
APPENDIX 3 PROPERTIES OF AREAS AND VOLUMES 697(2)
APPENDIX 4 CAVITATION 699(6)
References
703(1)
Film
703(2)
APPENDIX 5 THE EXPANSION FACTOR, Y 705(2)
APPENDIX 6 BASIC MATHEMATICAL OPERATIONS 707(6)
References
711(2)
APPENDIX 7 COMPUTER PROGRAMS 713(28)
APPENDIX 8 ANSWERS TO SELECTED EVEN-NUMBERED PROBLEMS 741(10)
Index 751

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