Preface |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xv | |
Acronyms |
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xvii | |
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1 | (26) |
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Definition of Metamaterials (MTMs) and Left-Handed (LH) MTMs |
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1 | (2) |
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Theoretical Speculation by Viktor Veselago |
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3 | (1) |
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Experimental Demonstration of Left-Handedness |
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4 | (5) |
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Further Numerical and Experimental Confirmations |
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9 | (1) |
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``Conventional'' Backward Waves and Novelty of LH MTMs |
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10 | (2) |
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12 | (1) |
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Transmission Line (TL) Approach |
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12 | (4) |
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Composite Right/Left-Handed (CRLH) MTMs |
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16 | (1) |
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MTMs and Photonic Band-Gap (PBG) Structures |
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17 | (3) |
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Historical ``Germs'' of MTMs |
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20 | (7) |
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22 | (5) |
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27 | (32) |
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Left-Handedness from Maxwell's Equations |
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28 | (5) |
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Entropy Conditions in Dispersive Media |
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33 | (5) |
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38 | (1) |
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Reversal of Doppler Effect |
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39 | (2) |
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Reversal of Vavilov-Cerenkov Radiation |
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41 | (2) |
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Reversal of Snell's Law: Negative Refraction |
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43 | (3) |
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Focusing by a ``Flat LH Lens'' |
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46 | (2) |
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48 | (2) |
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Reversal of Goos-Hanchen Effect |
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50 | (1) |
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Reversal of Convergence and Divergence in Convex and Concave Lenses |
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51 | (2) |
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Subwavelength Diffraction |
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53 | (6) |
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57 | (2) |
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59 | (74) |
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Ideal Homogeneous CRLH TLs |
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59 | (20) |
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Fundamental TL Characteristics |
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60 | (7) |
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Equivalent MTM Constitutive Parameters |
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67 | (3) |
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Balanced and Unbalanced Resonances |
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70 | (4) |
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74 | (5) |
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LC Network Implementation |
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79 | (40) |
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79 | (4) |
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Difference with Conventional Filters |
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83 | (2) |
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Transmission Matrix Analysis |
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85 | (15) |
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100 | (3) |
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103 | (3) |
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Analytical Dispersion Relation |
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106 | (7) |
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113 | (2) |
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Effect of Finite Size in the Presence of Imperfect Matching |
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115 | (4) |
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Real Distributed 1D CRLH Structures |
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119 | (8) |
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General Design Guidelines |
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120 | (2) |
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Microstrip Implementation |
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122 | (2) |
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124 | (3) |
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Experimental Transmission Characteristics |
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127 | (4) |
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Conversion from Transmission Line to Constitutive Parameters |
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131 | (2) |
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131 | (2) |
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133 | (59) |
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134 | (9) |
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134 | (4) |
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138 | (1) |
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Lattice Choice, Symmetry Points, Brillouin Zone, and 2D Dispersion Representations |
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139 | (4) |
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Driven Problem by the Transmission Matrix Method (TMM) |
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143 | (11) |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (2) |
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Voltage and Current Distributions |
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147 | (7) |
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Interest and Limitations of the TMM |
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154 | (1) |
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Transmission Line Matrix (TLM) Modeling Method |
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154 | (8) |
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TLM Modeling of the Unloaded TL Host Network |
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155 | (3) |
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TLM Modeling of the Loaded TL Host Network (CRLH) |
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158 | (1) |
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Relationship between Material Properties and the TLM Model Parameters |
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159 | (2) |
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Suitability of the TLM Approach for MTMs |
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161 | (1) |
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Negative Refractive Index (NRI) Effects |
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162 | (8) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (2) |
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165 | (2) |
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RH-LH Interface Surface Plasmons |
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167 | (2) |
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Reflectors with Unusual Properties |
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169 | (1) |
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Distributed 2D Structures |
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170 | (22) |
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Description of Possible Structures |
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171 | (2) |
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Dispersion and Propagation Characteristics |
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173 | (5) |
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178 | (5) |
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Distributed Implementation of the NRI Slab |
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183 | (7) |
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190 | (2) |
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192 | (69) |
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193 | (17) |
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Dual-Band Property of CRLH TLs |
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193 | (4) |
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Quarter-Wavelength TL and Stubs |
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197 | (4) |
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Passive Component Examples: Quadrature Hybrid and Wilkinson Power Divider |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (3) |
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Nonlinear Component Example: Quadrature Subharmonically Pumped Mixer |
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205 | (5) |
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Enhanced-Bandwidth Components |
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210 | (7) |
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Principle of Bandwidth Enhancement |
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211 | (4) |
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215 | (2) |
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Super-compact Multilayer ``Vertical'' TL |
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217 | (10) |
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``Vertical'' TL Architecture |
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219 | (2) |
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221 | (4) |
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225 | (2) |
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Tight Edge-Coupled Coupled-Line Couplers (CLCs) |
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227 | (22) |
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Generalities on Coupled-Line Couplers |
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228 | (1) |
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TEM and Quasi-TEM Symmetric Coupled-Line Structures with Small Interspacing: Impedance Coupling (IC) |
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228 | (4) |
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Non-TEM Symmetric Coupled-Line Structures with Relatively Large Spacing: Phase Coupling (PC) |
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232 | (1) |
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Summary on Symmetric Coupled-Line Structures |
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233 | (1) |
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Asymmetric Coupled-Line Structures |
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234 | (1) |
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Advantages of MTM Couplers |
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235 | (1) |
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Symmetric Impedance Coupler |
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235 | (10) |
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245 | (4) |
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Negative and Zeroth-Order Resonator |
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249 | (12) |
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249 | (2) |
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LC Network Implementation |
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251 | (2) |
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Zeroth-Order Resonator Characteristics |
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253 | (3) |
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Circuit Theory Verification |
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256 | (2) |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (2) |
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Radiated-Wave Applications |
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261 | (55) |
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Fundamental Aspects of Leaky-Wave Structures |
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262 | (8) |
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Principle of Leakage Radiation |
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262 | (4) |
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Uniform and Periodic Leaky-Wave Structures |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (2) |
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268 | (1) |
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Metamaterial Leaky-Wave Structures |
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269 | (1) |
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Backfire-to-Endfire (BE) Leaky-Wave (LW) Antenna |
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270 | (5) |
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Electronically Scanned BE LW Antenna |
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275 | (7) |
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Electronic Scanning Principle |
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276 | (1) |
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Electronic Beamwidth Control Principle |
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277 | (2) |
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Analysis of the Structure and Results |
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279 | (3) |
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Reflecto-Directive Systems |
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282 | (8) |
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Passive Retro-Directive Reflector |
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283 | (3) |
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Arbitrary-Angle Frequency Tuned Reflector |
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286 | (1) |
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Arbitrary-Angle Electronically Tuned Reflector |
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287 | (3) |
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Two-Dimensional Structures |
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290 | (7) |
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Two-Dimensional LW Radiation |
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290 | (2) |
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292 | (4) |
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Full-Space Scanning Antenna |
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296 | (1) |
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Zeroth Order Resonating Antenna |
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297 | (3) |
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Dual-Band CRLH-TL Resonating Ring Antenna |
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300 | (4) |
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Focusing Radiative ``Meta-Interfaces'' |
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304 | (12) |
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305 | (5) |
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Nonuniform Leaky-Wave Radiator |
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310 | (3) |
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313 | (3) |
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316 | (31) |
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``Real-Artificial'' Materials: the Challenge of Homogenization |
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316 | (3) |
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Quasi-Optical NRI Lenses and Devices |
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319 | (4) |
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Three-Dimensional Isotropic LH MTMs |
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323 | (5) |
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328 | (1) |
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``Magnetless'' Magnetic MTMs |
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329 | (1) |
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330 | (1) |
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331 | (7) |
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Antenna Radomes and Frequency Selective Surfaces |
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338 | (1) |
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339 | (2) |
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341 | (1) |
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341 | (6) |
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342 | (5) |
Index |
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347 | |