Electrical Insulation in Power Systems

by ; ;
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 1997-09-19
Publisher(s): CRC Pr I Llc
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Summary

Striking a balance between basic and applied issues, this one-of-a-kind, single-source reference covers the design, operations, diagnostics, and testing of electrical insulation in high-voltage power networks. Providing a comprehensive survey of advanced digital and electro-optic techniques, Electrical Insulation in Power Systems furnishes a thorough knowledge of the fundamental properties of dielectrics...examines the mechanisms of gas discharge and the air clearances necessary on equipment...explains SF[subscript 6] circuit breakers, gas insulated switchgear (GIS), the mechanisms that control breakdown in SF[subscript 6] gas, and performance of SF[subscript 6]-related equipment...describes liquid, solid, and vacuum dielectrics as well as dielectric classification, electrical properties, conduction, and breakdown mechanisms...addresses composite insulation and polymeric and oil-filled cables...elucidates high-voltage testing techniques, internationally accepted classifications, test procedures, and standards...and more. Generously illustrated with over 200 drawings, tables, and photographs, Electrical Insulation in Power Systems is an indispensable, hands-on guide for electrical and electronics, high-voltage, insulation, electrical-power, transmission and distribution, chemical, and materials engineers; polymer chemists; dielectric physicists; materials scientists; and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines. Book jacket.

Author Biography

N. H. Malik is a Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia A. A. Al-Arainy is a Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia M. I. Qureshi is a Research Scientist at the Research Center, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Table of Contents

Series Introduction iii(2)
H. Lee Willis
Preface v
1 Introduction to Electrical Insulation in Power Systems
1(20)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Properties of Dielectrics
2(3)
1.3 Classification of Insulating Materials
5(3)
1.4 Applications of Insulating Materials
8(2)
1.5 Electric Fields
10(8)
1.6 Design Parameters of High Voltage Equipment
18(1)
References
19(2)
2 Gas Dielectrics
21(28)
2.1 Introduction
21(1)
2.2 Gas Behavior Under Zero Electric Field
21(2)
2.3 Generation of Charged Particles
23(5)
2.4 Deionization Processes
28(1)
2.5 Uniform Field Gas Breakdown
29(7)
2.6 Nonuniform Field Gas Breakdown
36(6)
2.7 Time to Breakdown
42(1)
2.8 Discharges Under Nanosecond Pulse Voltages
43(1)
2.9 Gap-Type Discharge
44(2)
2.10 Choice of Dielectric Gases
46(2)
References
48(1)
3 Air Insulation
49(34)
3.1 Introduction
49(1)
3.2 Air Insulation Applications and Modeling
49(2)
3.3 Voltage Stresses
51(1)
3.4 Impulse Breakdown Probability
51(1)
3.5 Breakdown Voltage Characteristics
52(13)
3.6 Volt Time Curve and Insulation Coordination
65(4)
3.7 Phase to Phase Breakdown Characteristics
69(2)
3.8 Arc Discharge
71(1)
3.9 Undesirable Effects of Corona
72(8)
3.10 Television Interference
80(1)
References
80(3)
4 SF(6) Insulation
83(28)
4.1 Introduction
83(1)
4.2 Basic Properties of SF(6) Gas
83(2)
4.3 Breakdown Processes in SF(6)
85(1)
4.4 Uniform Field Breakdown
86(1)
4.5 Nonuniform Field Breakdown
87(3)
4.6 Estimation of Minimum Discharge Voltages
90(1)
4.7 Factors Affecting Discharge Voltages
91(5)
4.8 Arc Interruption in SF(6)
96(2)
4.9 Gas Insulated Switchgear
98(9)
4.10 Compressed Gas Insulated Cables
107(1)
4.11 Other Applications of SF(6)
108(1)
4.12 SF(6) Gas Handling
108(1)
References
109(2)
5 Liquid Dielectrics
111(36)
5.1 Introduction
111(1)
5.2 Classification of Insulating Oils
112(7)
5.3 Essential Characteristics of Insulating Oils
119(4)
5.4 Streaming Electrification
123(1)
5.5 Reconditioning of Insulating Oils
124(1)
5.6 Electric Conduction in Insulating Liquids
125(4)
5.7 Breakdown in Insulating Liquids
129(14)
References
143(4)
6 Solid Dielectrics
147(41)
6.1 Introduction
147(1)
6.2 Solid Insulating Materials
148(19)
6.3 Dielectric Loss in Solid Insulating Materials
167(6)
6.4 Breakdown in Solid Insulation
173(13)
References
186(2)
7 Vacuum Dielectrics
188(21)
7.1 Introduction
188(1)
7.2 Prebreakdown Electron Emission in Vacuum
189(3)
7.3 Factors Affecting Breakdown Voltage in Vacuum
192(3)
7.4 Breakdown Mechanisms
195(3)
7.5 Arc Interruption in Vacuums
198(4)
7.6 Vacuum Circuit Breaker
202(4)
References
206(3)
8 Composite Dielectrics
209(32)
8.1 Introduction
209(1)
8.2 Dielectric Properties of Composites
210(3)
8.3 Edge Breakdown
213(1)
8.4 Cavity Breakdown
214(3)
8.5 Breakdown Due to Surface Erosion and Tracking
217(1)
8.6 Chemical and Electrochemical Deterioration and Breakdown
218(2)
8.7 Materials of Outdoor Insulators
220(4)
8.8 Oil-Impregnated Insulation
224(10)
8.9 Flexible Laminates
234(4)
References
238(3)
9 High Voltage Cables
241(35)
9.1 Introduction
241(1)
9.2 Cable Materials
241(3)
9.3 Types of Cables
244(1)
9.4 Cable Constants
245(4)
9.5 Electric Stress in Cables
249(1)
9.6 Cable Losses
250(1)
9.7 Cable Ampacity
251(2)
9.8 Partial Discharges in Cables
253(2)
9.9 Treeing in Cables
255(8)
9.10 Cable Aging and Life Estimation
263(3)
9.11 Cable Accessories
266(4)
9.12 Cable Fault Location
270(2)
9.13 Recent Advances in Cable Technology
272(1)
References
273(3)
10 Generation and Measurement of Testing Voltages
276(30)
10.1 Introduction
276(1)
10.2 High Voltage DC Generation
276(3)
10.3 High Voltage AC Generation
279(3)
10.4 High Voltage Impulse Generation
282(6)
10.5 Nanosecond Pulse Generation
288(1)
10.6 Spark Gaps as a Voltage Measuring Device
289(5)
10.7 Potential Dividers for High Voltage Measurement
294(1)
10.8 Other High Voltage Measuring Devices
295(7)
10.9 Measurement of Corona and Gap Discharge Currents
302(2)
References
304(2)
11 New Measurement and Diagnostic Technologies
306(36)
11.1 Introduction
306(1)
11.2 Digital Impulse Recorders
306(5)
11.3 Digital Techniques in HV Tests
311(4)
11.4 Testing Automation
315(1)
11.5 Electric Field Measurements
316(1)
11.6 Electro-Optic Sensors
317(8)
11.7 Magneto-Optic Sensors
325(3)
11.8 Measurements of Very Fast Transients in GIS
328(1)
11.9 Space Charge Measurement Techniques
329(6)
11.10 Electro-Optical Imaging Techniques
335(4)
References
339(3)
12 Insulation Testing
342(39)
12.1 Objectives of Testing
342(1)
12.2 HV Test Classification
343(2)
12.3 Test Voltages
345(4)
12.4 Test Procedures and Standards
349(2)
12.5 Testing of HV Measuring Devices
351(4)
12.6 Partial Discharge Test
355(3)
12.7 Dielectric Loss Test
358(3)
12.8 Testing of HV Apparatus
361(14)
12.9 Electrostatic Hazards
375(3)
References
378(3)
Index 381

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