Digital Mobile Communications and the Tetra System,9780471987925

Digital Mobile Communications and the Tetra System

by ; ;
Edition: 1st
ISBN13: 9780471987925
ISBN10: 0471987921
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 1999-10-18
Publisher(s): WILEY
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Summary

TETRA is a system for mobile wireless communications and this is a highly topical and comprehensive introduction to the design and applications of TETRA systems including practical examples. TETRA is comparable in structure to the world-wide successful GSM system, however, individual features of TETRA are different, often more efficient and better designed than in GSM. TETRA is therefore providing an important source for the further development of standards for mobile telecommunications. This volume is timely and one of the first to cover TETRA and related subject areas. Features include: * Detailed discussion of public and private mobile communications domain * Architecture, components and services of TETRA and * Design and operational aspects of the system Based on courses for industry, presented by the authors, Digital Mobile Communications and the TETRA System will prove indispensable reading for service providers, design engineers and systems managers in the private mobile communications market. It also provides a thorough grounding in general digital mobile communications for communications engineers and undergraduate and postgraduate students in telecommunications.

Author Biography

John Dunlop is the author of Digital Mobile Communications and the TETRA System, published by Wiley. Demessie Girma is the author of Digital Mobile Communications and the TETRA System, published by Wiley.

Table of Contents

Preface xv
List of Abbreviations and Symbols
xix
Abbreviations xix
Symbols xxvi
Principles of Digital Mobile Radio
1(55)
Introduction
1(1)
Modulation Methods
1(3)
Frequency and Time Division Multiplexing
4(3)
Analogue to Digital Conversion
7(1)
Spectral Properties of Digital Signals
8(2)
Pulse Shaping
10(2)
Digital Modulation
12(15)
Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
12(1)
Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)
13(1)
Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)
13(2)
Quaternary Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)
15(1)
Offset QPSK (OQPSK)
16(1)
Differential QPSK (DQPSK)
17(1)
π/4---DQPSK
18(2)
Linear Amplifiers
20(1)
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
21(1)
Minimum Shift Keying (MSK)
22(1)
MSK considered in terms of Phase Modulation
23(3)
Bandwidth of GMSK
26(1)
m-ary Modulation
27(1)
Pulse Shaping in Carrier Modulated Systems
27(1)
Bandwidth Efficiency
28(1)
The Radio Environment
29(2)
Plane Earth Propagation Model
31(3)
Fast Fading
34(3)
Slow Fading
37(2)
Pathloss Models
39(1)
Link Budgets
40(1)
Fading in Digital Mobile Communications
41(1)
The Cellular Concept
42(1)
Typical Cell Operation
43(1)
Capacity of a Cellular System
44(1)
Frequency Re-use Distance
45(2)
Cellular Coverage
47(4)
Sectoring
51(2)
Statistical Issues
53(2)
Conclusions
55(1)
Public Digital Mobile Radio Systems and Environment
56(51)
Digital Cellular Radio
56(1)
The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)
56(1)
The GSM Network Architecture
57(1)
The GSM Radio Interface
58(1)
Logical Channels in GSM
58(9)
Burst Structure for GSM
61(1)
Mapping of Logical Channels in GSM
62(3)
Mapping of Traffic Channels and Associated Control Channels
65(1)
Mapping of the BCCH/CCCH
65(1)
Mapping of the SDCCH/SACCH
66(1)
Mapping of Logical Channels in Low Capacity Systems
67(1)
Security in GSM
67(3)
Authentication
68(1)
Encryption
68(1)
User Identity Protection
69(1)
Sequence of Events
69(1)
Operation of the GSM System
70(6)
Location Updating
71(2)
Call Establishment from a Mobile
73(3)
Call Establishment to a Mobile
76(1)
Call Release
76(1)
Voice Coding in GSM
76(1)
Non Voice Services
77(3)
Data Transmission Transparent Mode
78(1)
Data Transmission (Non Transparent Mode)
78(1)
The GSM Short Message Service
79(1)
Error Protection
80(3)
Channel Coding in GSM
80(2)
Interleaving
82(1)
Handover in GSM
83(1)
GSM Handover Measurements
84(2)
Features of the GSM System
86(3)
Adaptive Frame Alignment
86(1)
Adaptive Power Control
86(1)
Slow Frequency Hopping
87(1)
Discontinuous Transmission and Reception (DTX)
88(1)
GSM Evolution
88(1)
Cordless Communication Systems
89(1)
The Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications System (DECT)
89(1)
Voice Coding in DECT
90(1)
The DECT Physical Layer
91(1)
DECT Medium Access Control
92(1)
Call Management in DECT
92(2)
Handover in DECT
94(1)
Dynamic Channel Selection (DCS)
94(2)
Spread Spectrum System
96(1)
Code Division Multiple Access
96(3)
Power Control in CDMA
97(1)
Diversity in CDMA
97(1)
Frequency Diversity
97(1)
Spatial Diversity
98(1)
Time Diversity
98(1)
The Forward (Base to Mobile) Link in cdmaOne™
99(2)
Synchronisation Channel
100(1)
Paging Channels
100(1)
Quad Cover
100(1)
The cdmaOne™ Reverse Link
101(1)
Access Channel
101(1)
Payload Data
101(1)
Signalling
102(1)
The Rake Receiver
102(1)
Power Control Loops in cdmaOne™
103(2)
Open Loop Power Control
104(1)
Closed Loop Power Control
104(1)
Base Station Transmission Power Control
104(1)
Mobile Access in cdmaOne™
105(1)
Conclusion
105(2)
The Private Mobile Radio Environment
107(22)
Introduction
107(1)
The PMR User Community
108(5)
Emergency Services
110(1)
Utilities
111(1)
National Government
111(1)
Local Government
111(1)
On-site
111(1)
PAMR Operators
111(1)
Transport
112(1)
Requirements of PMR Services
113(3)
PMR Configurations
116(3)
Comparison Between PMR and Cellular
119(3)
PMR standards
122(4)
The Need for and Development of Standards
122(1)
Analogue PMR
122(1)
Digital PMR
123(3)
PMR Market Evolution
126(3)
An Overview of the TETRA System
129(32)
Introduction
129(1)
The Basic Services of the Tetra System
130(1)
TETRA Network Architecture
131(1)
TETRA Circuit Mode (V+D)
132(3)
Burst Structure
134(1)
Logical Channels Hierarchy
135(5)
Broadcast Control CHannel (BCCH)
137(1)
Common Control CHannel (CCCH)
137(1)
Associated Control CHannel (ACCH)
138(1)
Access Assignment CHannel (AACH)
138(1)
Common Linearisation CHannel (CLCH)
139(1)
Traffic CHannels (TCH)
139(1)
Signalling CHannel (SCH)
139(1)
Mapping of Logical Channels in TETRA
140(1)
Operation of the TETRA V+D Mode
141(5)
Location Registration
141(1)
Random Access
142(2)
Call set-up Procedure
144(2)
Special Features of the V+D Mode
146(1)
Voice Coding in TETRA
147(4)
Algebraic Code Excited Liner Predictive Coding (ACELP)
148(2)
Error Concealment
150(1)
DATA Services in V+D Mode
151(1)
Direct Mode
152(5)
The Direct Mode Channel
154(1)
Call Set-up in Direct Mode
155(2)
Control Channels in Direct Mode Operation
157(1)
Summary
157(1)
Spectral Efficiency
157(4)
TETRA System Architecture, Components and Services
161(44)
Introduction
161(1)
The TETRA User Groups
162(2)
Potential User Groups
162(1)
The TETRA MoU
163(1)
System Architecture and Components
164(6)
TETRA System Architecture
164(1)
System Components
165(1)
TETRA Network
165(1)
Mobile Station
165(1)
Classes of MS
165(3)
Line Station
168(1)
Direct Mode Mobile Station
168(1)
Gateway
169(1)
Network Management Unit
170(1)
System Interfaces
170(1)
TETRA Reference Configuration
171(1)
Basic Concepts
171(1)
Reference Points in TETRA
172(1)
Subscriber Access Interfaces
172(6)
The ISDN Reference Configuration
173(1)
Circuit Mode TETRA Reference Configurations
174(2)
Packet Mode Reference Configurations
176(2)
Peripheral Equipment Interface
178(3)
Overview
178(1)
The TETRA PEI
178(1)
PEI Components
179(2)
Addressing and Identities
181(4)
TETRA Equipment Identity (TEI)
181(1)
Mobile Network Identity (MNI)
182(1)
TETRA Management Identities (TMI)
183(1)
TETRA Subscriber Identity (TSI)
183(1)
Network-Layer SAP Addresses (NSAP)
184(1)
TETRA Network Services
185(6)
Overview
185(1)
Circuit Mode Data
186(1)
Packet Mode Data
186(1)
Short Data Service
186(1)
Teleservices
187(1)
Supplementary Services
188(3)
Mobility Management
191(4)
Basic Principles
191(3)
Basic Mobility Procedures
194(1)
TETRA Inter-System Interface
195(3)
ISI Overview
195(1)
PISN Architecture
196(1)
TETRA ISI Signalling
197(1)
TETRA Comparisons with GSM
198(2)
System Level Comparison
198(1)
System Parameters and Others
199(1)
Summary of TETRA parameters
200(1)
TETRA Conformance Testing
201(2)
Scope of Conformance Testing
201(1)
Conformance Statement
202(1)
Conclusions
203(2)
The Physical Layer
205(54)
Overview, Function and Requirements
205(1)
Frequency allocation
206(1)
Choice of Multiplexing Method
207(5)
CDMA Operation of PMR Systems
208(1)
FDM Operation of PMR Systems
208(1)
TDM Operation for PMR Systems
209(3)
Choice of TDMA Parameters
212(3)
Modulation
215(5)
Frame, Slot and Burst Structures
220(7)
TETRA Frame Structure
220(1)
TETRA Burst Structure
221(3)
Types of Burst of the Physical Layer
224(3)
Logical Physical Layer Logical Burst Types
227(1)
Synchronisation
227(2)
Transmission Delays
229(4)
Scrambling
233(2)
Transmission Power and Power Control
235(2)
Power Classes
235(1)
Power Control
236(1)
Channel Quality Measurement
237(1)
Received Signal Strength Measurement
237(1)
Signal Quality Measurement
237(1)
Round-trip MS-BS Path Delay
238(1)
Physical Layer Performance
238(10)
TETRA Receiver Sensitivity
238(1)
TETRA Reference Channels
239(1)
TETRA Receiver Classes
240(1)
Link Budget
241(2)
Area Coverage
243(2)
Area Coverage in the Noise Limited Case
245(2)
Area Coverage in the Interference Limited Case
247(1)
Interference to Other Systems
248(2)
Limits on Adjacent Carrier Interference
249(1)
Limits on Emissions Far from the Carrier Within the TETRA Band
250(1)
Limits on Emissions Outside the TETRA Band
250(1)
Area Coverage Techniques
250(7)
Single site wide area coverage
251(1)
Cellular Channel Re-use
251(1)
Quasi-synchronous Transmission
251(2)
Time-sharing Transmission
253(1)
Antenna Diversity
254(1)
Site Diversity
254(1)
On-Frequency Repeaters
255(1)
Direct Mode / Trunked Gateway
256(1)
Conclusions
257(2)
The Data Link Layer
259(74)
Introduction
259(1)
Organisation of the Data Link Layer
259(2)
Organisation of the MAC
261(3)
Coding and Interleaving
264(27)
Error Control Strategies
265(1)
Forward Error Correction and Detection
266(14)
TETRA Data and Signalling Channel Coding Schemes
280(5)
Coding Parameters for Data and Control Channels
285(1)
TETRA Speech Coding Scheme
286(3)
Mapping on the Physical Layer Channels
289(1)
Example of Coding Steps
289(1)
Coding Performance
290(1)
Stealing
291(2)
Use of Stealing on the Uplink
292(1)
Use of Stealing on the Downlink
293(1)
Trunking Methods
293(2)
Message Trunking
294(1)
Transmission Trunking
294(1)
Quasi-transmission Trunking
295(1)
Random Access
295(9)
Random Access for Direct Mode Operation
297(1)
Random Access for V+D Mode Operation
297(2)
Access Frames
299(2)
Access Control Channels
301(2)
Reserved Access Procedures
303(1)
Independent Allocation of Slots on the Uplink and Downlink
303(1)
Logical Channel Routing
304(11)
Introduction
304(1)
Logical Channels Passed to the Upper MAC
304(4)
Logical Channels Generated Within the Upper MAC
308(1)
Logical Channel Routing to the Lower MAC
309(2)
Channel Mapping in the Lower MAC
311(2)
Inter-working Between MAC Layers
313(2)
Air Interface Encryption
315(2)
Logical Link Control
317(8)
Introduction
317(1)
ARQ
318(3)
LLC Operation
321(4)
System Modes of Operation
325(4)
Normal Mode
326(1)
Extended Mode
326(1)
Minimum Mode
327(1)
Discontinuous Transmission---Time, Carrier and MCCH Sharing
328(1)
Mobile Station Modes of Operation
329(2)
Idle Mode
329(1)
Signalling and Packet Mode Data
329(1)
Traffic Mode
330(1)
Energy Economy Mode
330(1)
Conclusions
331(2)
TETRA Network Layer Protocols
333(50)
Introduction
333(1)
Network Layer Concepts
333(3)
Generic Functions of the Network Layer
333(2)
Control and User Plane Separation
335(1)
Users' View of the Network Layer
336(1)
Overview of TETRA Network Layer
336(6)
Types of Information Transported
336(1)
TETRA Protocol Stacks
337(1)
V+D Protocol Stack
338(1)
PDO Protocol Stack
339(1)
DMO Protocol Stack
340(2)
Remarks on Air Interface Protocols
342(1)
Mobile to Base Link Entity
342(18)
Overview
342(1)
MLE Functions
342(3)
Attachment Management
345(8)
MLE Services and Access Points
353(1)
MLE PDU Descriptions
354(5)
Concluding Remarks on MLE
359(1)
Mobility Management Protocols
360(12)
Mobility Management Functions
360(1)
MM Subsystem Elements
361(1)
Functional Organisation of the MS-MM
361(1)
MM at the LMM-SAP
362(2)
MM at the TNMM-SAP
364(1)
MM with Network-MM Peer
364(1)
Overview of MM Procedures
365(1)
Description of Selected MM PDUs
365(6)
Concluding Remarking on MM Protocols
371(1)
Circuit Mode Connection Entity
372(3)
Overview
372(1)
MLE functions at CMCE SAP
372(3)
Packet Mode Data Services
375(5)
Introduction
375(1)
Overview of X.25 Data Services
376(2)
Overview of TETRA Data Services
378(1)
Specific Connectionless Network Protocol (SCLNP)
379(1)
TETRA Inter-network Protocols
379(1)
Layers 4 to 7
380(1)
Transport Layer Protocol
380(1)
Session Layer Protocol
381(1)
Presentation Layer Protocol
381(1)
Application Layer Protocol
381(1)
Conclusion
381(2)
Operational Aspects of the TETRA Network
383(30)
Introduction
383(1)
Network Security Management
383(17)
Overview of TETRA Network Security
383(2)
Principles of Encryption and Authentication
385(2)
Types of Encryption
387(1)
Principles of Authentication
388(1)
TETRA Encryption Algorithms
389(1)
Protection Differences in TETRA Systems
389(1)
Authentication in TETRA
390(3)
Authentication PDU Examples
393(1)
Encryption Keys
394(1)
Over The Air Re-keying
395(2)
OTAR PDU Examples
397(1)
Transfer of Authentication Information
398(1)
Overview of Air Interface Encryption
398(1)
Overview of End-to-End Encryption
399(1)
Lawful Interception
400(1)
TETRA Inter-System Signalling
400(5)
The TETRA ISI Reference Configuration
400(1)
Q and C Reference Points
401(1)
Private Signalling System 1 for TETRA
402(1)
PSSI Protocol Stack
403(2)
TETRA Network Management
405(6)
Overview
405(1)
Principles of Network Management
406(2)
Network Management Protocols
408(1)
The SNMP Model
408(2)
TETRA Network Management Methodology
410(1)
Conclusions
411(2)
Appendices 413(14)
A.1 The TETRA Technical Specifications
414(1)
A.2 TETRA MoU Members
415(6)
A.2.1 Manufacturers
415(3)
A.2.2 Users
418(2)
A.2.3 Regulators
420(1)
A.2.4 Accredited test houses
420(1)
A.3 Erlang B Table (for Blocked-Calls-Cleared)
421(3)
A.3.1 Overview of Basic Concepts
421(1)
A.3.2 Erlang B Table
422(2)
A.4 Erlang C Table (for Blocked-Calls-Delayed)
424(3)
A.4.1 Overview of Basic Concepts
424(1)
A.4.2 Erlang C Table
425(2)
Index 427

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