Detectors for Particle Radiation

by
Edition: 2nd
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 1999-01-28
Publisher(s): Cambridge University Press
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Summary

This textbook provides a clear, concise and comprehensive review of the physical principles behind the devices used to detect charged particles and gamma rays, and the construction and performance of these many different types of detectors. This second edition has been thoroughly revised and updated to include all the latest developments in detector technology. Detectors for high-energy particles and radiation are used in many areas of science, especially particle physics and nuclear physics experiments, nuclear medicine, cosmic ray measurements, space sciences and geological exploration. This second edition includes several new chapters, covering micro-strip gas chambers, silicon strip detectors and CCDs, scintillating fibres, shower detectors using noble liquid gases, and compensating calorimeters for hadronic showers. This lucid textbook is well illustrated throughout with examples from the many areas in science in which these detectors are used. It provides both a coursebook for students in physics, and a useful introduction for researchers in other fields.

Table of Contents

Preface ix
1 Physics foundations
1(45)
1.1 Range of application for radiation detectors
1(8)
1.1.1 Natural sources of radiation
1(1)
1.1.2 Units for radiation measurements
2(2)
1.1.3 Artificial radioactivity
4(2)
1.1.4 Particle accelerators
6(3)
1.2 Interactions of particles and Gamma-radiation with matter
9(16)
1.2.1 Detection of charged particles
9(10)
1.2.2 Detection of Gamma-rays
19(4)
1.2.3 Bremsstrahlung of electrons
23(2)
1.3 Electrons and ions in gases
25(14)
1.3.1 Mobility of ions
25(1)
1.3.2 Diffusion of ions in a field-free gas
26(1)
1.3.3 Recombination and electron capture
27(2)
1.3.4 Drift of electrons in electric fields
29(3)
1.3.5 Drift of electrons in electric and magnetic fields
32(3)
1.3.6 Diffusion of electrons in electric and magnetic fields
35(4)
1.4 Quantities characterizing detectors
39(7)
2 Measurement of ionization
46(20)
2.1 Ionization chambers
46(4)
2.2 Proportional counters
50(5)
2.3 Geiger-Mueller counters
55(2)
2.4 Measurement of ionization in liquids
57(4)
2.5 Semiconductor detectors
61(8)
3 Measurement of position
69(44)
3.1 Multiwire proportional chamber
69(5)
3.2 Planar drift chambers
74(4)
3.3 Cylindrical drift chambers
78(3)
3.4 The Jet drift chamber
81(3)
3.5 Time projection chamber (TPC)
84(5)
3.6 Simulation of particle tracks by ultraviolet lasers
89(1)
3.7 Microstrip gas chambers (MSGC)
90(3)
3.8 Bubble chambers
93(4)
3.9 Streamer chambers
97(3)
3.10 Flash chambers
100(1)
3.11 Spark chambers
101(2)
3.12 Nuclear emulsions
103(1)
3.13 Silicon strip detectors and CCDs
104(4)
3.14 Scintillating fibres
108(4)
3.15 Comparison of position detectors
112(1)
4 Measurement of time
113(19)
4.1 Photomultiplier tubes
113(6)
4.2 Scintillators
119(5)
4.3 Collection of scintillation light
124(5)
4.4 Planar spark counters
129(3)
5 Particle identification
132(33)
5.1 Neutron counters
132(5)
5.2 Time-of-flight measurement
137(1)
5.3 Cherenkov counters
137(13)
5.4 Transition radiation detectors
150(4)
5.5 Multiple ionization measurement
154(10)
5.6 Comparison of identification methods for charged particles
164(1)
6 Measurement of energy
165(23)
6.1 Electron-photon shower counters
165(9)
6.2 Hadron calorimeters
174(11)
6.3 Calibration and monitoring of calorimeters
185(3)
7 Measurement of momentum
188(9)
7.1 Magnet shapes for fixed target experiments
188(4)
7.2 Magnet shapes for storage ring experiments
192(2)
7.3 Central tracking detectors for storage ring experiments
194(3)
8 Applications of detector systems
197(37)
8.1 Medical applications
198(2)
8.2 Geophysical applications
200(2)
8.3 Applications in space sciences
202(3)
8.4 A detector for ion-atom collisions
205(2)
8.5 A detector for heavy ion reactions
207(3)
8.6 Detector systems for high-energy experiments
210(17)
8.6.1 A fixed target detector for CP-violating B decays
210(1)
8.6.2 A detector for high-energy neutrinos
211(3)
8.6.3 Detectors for B decays at an asymmetric electron-positron collider (B factory)
214(1)
8.6.4 A detector for proton-antiproton collisions at high energy
214(4)
8.6.5 The four detectors at the electron-positron collider LEP
218(4)
8.6.6 The two HERA detectors
222(3)
8.6.7 Detectors at the future Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
225(2)
8.7 Proton decay detectors
227(3)
8.8 Solar neutrino detectors
230(4)
References 234(7)
Index 241

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