Introduction |
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xvii | |
Brief History of Muscle Testing |
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xvii | |
How to Use This Book |
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xix | |
Names of the Muscles |
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xx | |
Anatomical Authorities |
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xx | |
The Convention of Arrows in the Text |
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xx | |
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Principles of Manual Muscle Testing |
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1 | (12) |
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2 | (1) |
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Overview of Test Procedures |
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2 | (4) |
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Criteria for Assigning a Muscle Test Grade |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (1) |
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Preparing for the Muscle Test |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (5) |
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Testing the Muscles of the Neck |
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13 | (22) |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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Combined Neck Extension (Capital plus Cervical) |
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16 | (7) |
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23 | (3) |
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26 | (4) |
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Combined Neck Flexion (Capital plus Cervical) |
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30 | (1) |
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Combined Cervical Flexion (Capital plus Cervical) |
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31 | (1) |
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Combined Flexion to Isolate a Single Sternocleidomastoid |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (2) |
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Testing the Muscles of the Trunk |
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35 | (26) |
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36 | (5) |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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Lumbar and Thoracic Spine |
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39 | (2) |
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41 | (3) |
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44 | (5) |
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49 | (5) |
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54 | (5) |
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59 | (2) |
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Testing the Muscles of the Upper Extremity |
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61 | (118) |
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Scapular Abduction and Upward Rotation (Serratus anterior) |
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63 | (6) |
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Scapular Elevation (Trapezius, upper fibers) |
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69 | (4) |
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Scapular Adduction (Trapezius, lower fibers) |
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73 | (1) |
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Scapular Adduction (Trapezius, middle fibers) |
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74 | (3) |
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Scapular Depression and Adduction (Trapezius, lower fibers) |
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77 | (3) |
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Scapular Adduction and Downward Rotation (Rhomboids) |
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80 | (6) |
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Shoulder Flexion (Anterior Deltoid and Coracobrachialis) |
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86 | (4) |
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Shoulder Extension (Latissimus dorsi, Teres major, Posterior Deltoid) |
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90 | (4) |
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Shoulder Scaption (Deltoid and Supraspinatus) |
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94 | (1) |
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Shoulder Abduction (Middle Deltoid and Supraspinatus) |
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95 | (4) |
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Shoulder Horizontal Abduction (Posterior Deltoid) |
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99 | (3) |
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Shoulder Horizontal Adduction (Pectoralis major) |
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102 | (5) |
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Shoulder External Rotation (Infraspinatus and Teres minor) |
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107 | (3) |
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Shoulder Internal Rotation (Subscapularis) |
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110 | (4) |
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Elbow Flexion (Biceps, Brachialis, and Brachioradialis) |
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114 | (4) |
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Elbow Extension (Triceps brachii) |
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118 | (5) |
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Forearm Supination (Supinator and Biceps brachii) |
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123 | (5) |
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Forearm Pronation (Pronator teres and Pronator quadratus) |
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128 | (4) |
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Wrist Flexion (Flexor carpi radialis and Flexor carpi ulnaris) |
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132 | (5) |
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Wrist Extension (Extensor carpi radialis longus, Extensor carpi radialis brevis, and Extensor carpi ulnaris) |
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137 | (4) |
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Finger MP Flexion (Lumbricales and Interossei) |
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141 | (4) |
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Finger PIP and DIP Flexion (Flexor digitorum superficialis and Flexor digitorum profundus) |
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145 | (4) |
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146 | (2) |
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148 | (1) |
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Finger MP Extension (Extensor digitorum, Extensor indicis, Extensor digiti minimi) |
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149 | (3) |
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Finger Abduction (Dorsal interossei) |
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152 | (3) |
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Finger Adduction (Palmar interossei) |
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155 | (3) |
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Thumb MP and IP Flexion (Flexor pollicis brevis and Flexor pollicis longus) |
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158 | (2) |
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Thumb MP and IP Flexion Tests (Flexor pollicis brevis) |
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160 | (1) |
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Thumb IP Flexion Tests (Flexor pollicis longus) |
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161 | (2) |
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Thumb MP and IP Extension (Extensor pollicis brevis and Extensor pollicis longus) |
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163 | (1) |
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Thumb MP Extension Tests (Extensor pollicis brevis) |
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164 | (2) |
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Thumb IP Extension Tests (Extensor pollicis longus) |
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166 | (2) |
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Thumb Abduction (Abductor pollicis longus and Abductor pollicis brevis) |
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168 | (1) |
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Abductor pollicis longus Test |
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169 | (1) |
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Abductor pollicis brevis Test |
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170 | (1) |
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Thumb Adduction (Adductor pollicis) |
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171 | (3) |
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Opposition (Thumb to Little Finger) (Opponens pollicis and Opponens digiti minimi) |
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174 | (5) |
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Testing the Muscles of the Lower Extremity |
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179 | (74) |
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Hip Flexion (Psoas major and Iliacus) |
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180 | (5) |
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Hip Flexion, Abduction, and External Rotation with Knee Flexion (Sartorius) |
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185 | (3) |
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Hip Extension (Gluteus maximus and Hamstrings) |
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188 | (4) |
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Hip Extension Test to Isolate Gluteus Maximus |
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192 | (2) |
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Hip Extension Test Modified for Hip Flexion Tightness |
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194 | (2) |
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Supine Hip Extension Test |
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196 | (2) |
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Hip Abduction (Gluteus medius and minimus) |
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198 | (4) |
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Hip Abduction from Flexed Position (Tensor fasciae latae) |
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202 | (3) |
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Hip Adduction (Adductors magnus, brevis, and longus, Pectineus and Gracilis) |
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205 | (4) |
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Hip External Rotation (Obturators internus and externus, Gemellae superior and inferior, Piriformis, Quadratus femoris, Gluteus maximus (posterior)) |
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209 | (4) |
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Hip Internal Rotation (Glutei minimus and medius, Tensor fasciae latae) |
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213 | (3) |
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Knee Flexion (All hamstring muscles) |
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216 | (6) |
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Hamstring Muscles in Aggregate |
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218 | (1) |
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Medial Hamstring Test (Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus) |
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218 | (1) |
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Lateral Hamstring Test (Biceps femoris) |
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219 | (3) |
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Knee Extension (Quadriceps femoris) |
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222 | (4) |
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Ankle Plantar Fiexion (Gastrocnemius and Soleus) |
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226 | (8) |
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Gastrocnemius and Soleus Test |
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228 | (3) |
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Plantar Flexion, Soleus Only |
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231 | (3) |
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Foot Dorsiflexion and Inversion (fibialis anterior) |
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234 | (3) |
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Foot Inversion (Tibialis posterior) |
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237 | (3) |
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Foot Eversion with Plantar Flexion (Peroneus longus and Peroneus brevis) |
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240 | (3) |
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Hallux and Toe MP Flexion (Lumbricales and Flexor hallucis brevis) |
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243 | (3) |
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Hallux MP Flexion (Flexor hallucis brevis) |
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244 | (1) |
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Toe MP Flexion (Lumbricales) |
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245 | (1) |
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Hallux and Toe DIP and PIP Flexion (Flexor digitorum longus, Flexor digitorum brevis, Flexor hallucis longus) |
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246 | (3) |
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Hallux and Toe MP and IP Extension (Extensor digitorum longus and brevis, Extensor hallucis longus) |
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249 | (4) |
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Testing of Infants, Toddlers, and Preschool Children |
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253 | (36) |
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256 | (17) |
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Toddlers and Preschool Children: 1-5 years |
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273 | (16) |
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Assessment of Muscles Innervated |
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289 | (54) |
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Introduction to Testing and Grading |
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290 | (2) |
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292 | (4) |
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Muscles of the Face and Eyelids |
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296 | (8) |
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304 | (2) |
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Muscles of the Mouth and Face |
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306 | (6) |
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312 | (6) |
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318 | (6) |
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324 | (5) |
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329 | (3) |
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332 | (4) |
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336 | (7) |
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Muscle Actions in Swallowing |
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336 | (1) |
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337 | (6) |
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343 | (8) |
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The Test for Upright Control |
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344 | (1) |
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344 | (2) |
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Extension Control Test (in Parts 4, 5, and 6) |
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346 | (5) |
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351 | (110) |
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Using this Ready Reference Section |
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352 | (1) |
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Alphabetical List of Muscles |
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352 | (4) |
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List of Muscles by Region |
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356 | (4) |
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Skeletal Muscles of the Human Body |
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360 | (68) |
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Motions and Their Participating Muscles (Motions of the Neck, Trunk, and Limbs) |
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428 | (11) |
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Cranial and Peripheral Nerves and the Muscles They Innervate |
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439 | (10) |
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Myotomes; The Motor Nerve Roots and the Muscles They Innervate |
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449 | (12) |
Index |
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461 | |