Credit Derivatives Trading, Investing, and Risk Management

by
Edition: 2nd
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2010-04-19
Publisher(s): Wiley
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Summary

The credit derivatives industry has come under close scrutiny over the past 2 years, with the Credit Crisis highlighting the instability of a number of credit structures and throwing the industry into turmoil. What has been made clear by recent events is the necessity for a thorough understanding of credit derivatives by all parties involved in a transaction, from traders, structurers, quants and investors.This book covers the subject from a real world perspective, tackling issues such as liquidity, poor data, and credit spreads, to the latest innovations in portfolio products, hedging and risk management techniques. The book concentrates on practical issues and develops an understanding of the products through applications and detailed analysis of the risks and alternative means of trading. Credit Derivatives: Risk Management, Trading and Investing provides: A description of the key products, applications, and an analysis of typical trades including basis trading, hedging, and credit structuring Analysis of the industry standard 'default and recovery' and Copula models including many examples, and a description of the models' shortcomings Tools and techniques for the management of a portfolio or book of credit risks including appropriate and inappropriate methods of correlation risk management A thorough analysis of counterparty risk An intuitive understanding of credit correlation in reality and in the Copula modelThe book has been thoroughly updated to reflect the changes the industry has seen over the past 5 years, notably with an analysis of the lead up and causes of the credit crisis. It will contain 50% new material, which will include copula valuation and hedging, portfolio optimisation, portfolio products and correlation risk management, pricing in illiquid environments, chapters on the evolution of credit management systems, the credit meltdown and the mathematics of the credit bubble. The book is accompanied by a CD ROM which will illustrate the models used in the book and also provide an advanced valuation toolkit.Contents [Foreword] Preface Disclaimer AcknowledgementsPart I: Credit Background and Credit Derivatives 1. Credit Debt and other traditional credit instruments 2. Pricing Methods 3. Default & Recovery Data; Transition Matrices; Historical Pricing 4.The Credit Event for Debt 5. Asset Swaps and Asset Swap Spread; z-spread 6. Liquidity 7. Credit portfolios and portfolio risk Software examples: Transition matrix based pricing; historical and implied transition matrices Asset swap, z-spread, maturity spread calculations Portfolio correlation and VaRPart II: Credit Default Swaps and other Single Name Products 8. Credit Default Swaps: Product Description, and Simple Applications - 9. Valuation and Risk: Basic Concepts - 10. CDS Deal Examples 11. CDS/Bond Basis Trading 12. Sensitivities; Hedging Issues 13. Credit Linked Notes 14. Digital CDS 15. Basket CDS and Index CDS structures 16. Spread Options, Callable/Putable Bonds, Callable Asset Swaps, Callable Default Swaps 17. Total Return Swaps 18. Single Name Book management 19. CDS Pricing by Simulation Software examples: Deterministic model [Excel and MathCad] Debt valuation [Excel and MathCad] CDS valuation [Excel and MathCad] Sensitivity calculation examples [Excel and MathCad]Part III: Portfolio Products - Correlated stochastic recovery models, Semi-closed form solutions, Structure pricing Correlation in structures. CDOs and structured credit products - synthetic - static and standard index products - synthetic - bespoke, static and managed -#

Author Biography

GEOFF CHAPLIN studied mathematics at Cambridge (MA 1972) and Oxford (MSc 1973, DPhil 1975) and trained as an actuary (FFA 1978) while working in a life insurance company. He moved to the City in 1980 and has worked for major banks (including HSBC, Nomura International, and ABN AMRO). As a partner in Reoch Credit he has consulted to law firms, hedge funds, corporate treasurers, institutional investment funds and risk control departments of major banks in the areas of credit and mortality risk. He has been involved in the credit derivatives market since 1996 and life settlements structures since 2003. Geoff has also maintained strong academic interests – he was a visiting (emeritus) professor at the University of Waterloo, Canada, from 1987 until 1999. He has also published many articles in Risk, the Journal of the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries, and others, speaks regularly at conferences and is the author of Credit Derivatives: Risk management, Trading and Investing (John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2005) and co-author of Life Settlements and Longevity Structures: Pricing and Risk Management: Investment and Structured Finance (John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2009).

Table of Contents

Preface to the First Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Acknowledgements
Disclaimer
Table of Spreadsheet Examples and Software
About the Author
Credit Background and Credit Derivatives
Credit Debt and Other Traditional Credit Instruments
Bonds and Loans; Libor Rates and Swaps; 'REPO' and General Collateral Rates
Credit Debt Versus 'Risk-Free' Debt
Issue Documents, Seniority and the Recovery Process
Valuation, Yield and Spread
Buying Risk
Marking to Market, Marking to Model and Reserves
The 'Credit Crunch' and Correlation
Parties Involved in the Credit Markets and Key Terminology
Default and Recovery Data; Transition Matrices; Historical Pricing
Recovery: Ultimate and Market-Value-Based Recovery
Default Rates: Rating and Other Factors
Transition Matrices
'Measures' and Transition Matrix-Based Pricing
Spread Jumps and Spread Volatility Derived from Transition Matrices
Adjusting Transition Matrices
Asset Swaps and Asset Swap Spread; z-Spread
'Par-Par' Asset Swap Contracts
Asset Swap Spread
Maturity and z-Spread
Callable Asset Swaps; 'Perfect' Asset Swaps
A Bond Spread Model
Liquidity, the Credit Pyramid and Market Data
Bond Liquidity
The Credit Pyramid
Engineered and Survey Data
Spread and Rating
Traditional Counterparty Risk Management
Vetting
Collateralisation and Netting
Additional Counterparty Requirements for Credit Derivative Counterparties
Internal Capital Charge
Credit Portfolios and Portfolio Risk
VaR and counterpartyVaR
Distribution of Forward Values of a Credit Bond
Correlation and the Multi-Factor Normal (Gaussian) Distribution
Correlation and the Correlation Matrix
Introduction to Credit Derivatives
Products and Users
Market Participants and Market Growth
Credit Default Swaps and Other Single Name Products
Credit Default Swaps; Product Description and Simple Applications
CDS Product Definition
Documentation
Credit Triggers for Credit Derivatives
CDS Applications and Elementary Strategies
Counterparty Risk: PFE for CDS
CDS Trading Desk
CDS Contract and Convention Changes 2009
Valuation and Risk: Basic Concepts and the Default and Recovery Model
The Fundamental Credit Arbitrage - Repo Cost
Default and Recovery Model; Claim Amount
Deterministic Default Rate Model
Stochastic Default Rate Model; Hazard and Pseudo-Hazard Rates
Calibration to Market Data
CDS Data/Sources
Model Errors and Tests
CDS Risk Factors; Reserves and Model Risk
CDS Deal Examples
A CDS Hedged Against Another CDS
Introduction to Bond Hedging
Hedge and Credit Event Examples
CDS/Bond Basis Trading
Bond Versus CDS: Liquidity
Bond Repo Cost
Bond Spread Measurement - z-Spread not Asset Swap Spread
Bond Price Impact
Embedded Options in Bonds and Loans
Delivery Option in CDSs
Payoff of Par
Trigger Event Differences
Embedded Repo Option
Putting it All Together
Forward CDS; Back-to-Back CDS, Mark to Market and CDS Unwind
Forward CDS
Mark-to-Market and Back-to-Back CDS
Unwind Calculation; Off-Market Trade Valuation and Hedging
'Double-Trigger CDS'
Credit-Linked Notes
CLN Set-Up; Counterparty or Collateral Risk
Embedded Swaps and Options
Costs
Applications
CLN Pricing
Capital Guaranteed Note
Digital or 'Fixed Recovery' CDS
Product Description
Pricing, Hedging, Valuation and Risk Calculations
Trigger Event Differences
Spread Options, Callable/Puttable Bonds, Callable Asset Swaps, Callable Default Swaps
Product Definitions
Model Alternatives and a Stochastic Default Rate Model for Spread Option Pricing
Sensitivities and Hedging
Total Return Swaps
Product Definition and Examples
Applications
Hedging and Valuation
Single Name Book Management
Risk Aggregation
CreditVaR for CDSs
CDS and Simulation
The Poisson Model and Default Times
Valuation by Monte Carlo Simulation
Sensitivity
Portfolio Products
Portfolio Product Types
Nth-to-Default Baskets
'Synthetic' CDOs
Cashflow CDOs
Credit Securitisations
Rating
Alternative Levered Credit Portfolio Products
The Normal Copula and Correlation
Default Time Correlation
Normal Copula
Correlation
Correlation in Practice
Tranche Correlation
Base Correlation
Correlated Recoveries
Correlation Regime Change and Other Modelling Approaches
Valuation and Hedging
Valuation Examples
Sensitivity Calculation and Hedging
Pricing More Complex Structures
Model Errors and Tests; Alternative Models
Alternative Copulas
Student's t-Distribution
Copulas in General
Archimedean Copulas: Clayton, Gumbel
Clayton at ¿ = 0 and ¿ = ∞
Model Risk
Correlation Portfolio Management
Static and Dynamic Hedges
Correlation Book Management
CreditVaR and CounterpartyVaR
Default Swaps Including Counterparty Risk
Single Name CDS
Non-Correlated Counterparty
100% Correlation
Correlated Counterparty: Pricing and Hedging
Choice of Copula
Collateralised Deals and CDS Book Management
Counterparty CDSs
Pricing
Counterparty CDS (CCDS) Book Management
Systems Implementation and Testing
Mathematical Model and Systems Validation
Testing Procedures
Implementation and Documentation
System Implementation
Anatomy of a CDO
Management
Valuation
IT Considerations
THE CREDIT CRISIS
Cause and Effect: Credit Derivatives and the Crisis of 2007
The Credit Markets Pre-Crisis
The Events of MID-2007
Issues to be Addressed
Market Clearing Mechanisms
Appendix Markit Credit and Loan Indices
References
Index
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

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