Preface |
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xix | |
References |
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xxii | |
I ATOMIC STRUCTURE |
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1 | (132) |
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3 | (14) |
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3 | (3) |
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Why are Solids Crystalline? |
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4 | (2) |
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6 | (5) |
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6 | (1) |
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Enumeration of Two-Dimensional Bravais Lattices |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (6) |
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11 | (1) |
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Translation and Point Groups |
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11 | (2) |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (2) |
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Three-Dimensional Lattices |
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17 | (26) |
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17 | (3) |
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Distribution Among Elements |
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17 | (3) |
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20 | (4) |
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20 | (1) |
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The Face-Centered Cubic Lattice |
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20 | (1) |
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The Body-Centered Cubic Lattice |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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The Hexagonal Close-Packed Lattice |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (4) |
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Rocksalt---Sodium Chloride |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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Fluorite---Calcium Fluoride |
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26 | (1) |
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Zincblende---Zinc Sulfide |
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26 | (2) |
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28 | (1) |
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Perovskite---Calcium Titanate |
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28 | (1) |
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Classification of Lattices by Symmetry |
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28 | (4) |
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Fourteen Bravais Lattices and Seven Crystal Systems |
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30 | (2) |
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Symmetries of Lattices with Bases |
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32 | (5) |
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Thirty-Two Crystallographic Point Groups |
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32 | (4) |
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Two Hundred Thirty Distinct Lattices |
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36 | (1) |
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Some Macroscopic Implications of Microscopic Symmetries |
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37 | (6) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (3) |
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41 | (2) |
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Experimental Determination of Crystal Structures |
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43 | (26) |
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43 | (1) |
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Theory of Scattering from Crystals |
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44 | (10) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (3) |
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51 | (1) |
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Scattering from a Lattice with a Basis |
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52 | (2) |
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54 | (5) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (2) |
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58 | (1) |
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Further Features of Scattering Experiments |
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59 | (10) |
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Interaction of X-Rays with Matter |
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60 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (2) |
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Deciphering Complex Structures |
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63 | (1) |
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Accuracy of Structure Determinations |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (2) |
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67 | (2) |
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69 | (18) |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (4) |
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Coherent and Commensurate Interfaces |
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70 | (1) |
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Stacking Period and Interplanar Spacing |
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71 | (2) |
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Other Topics in Surface Structure |
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73 | (1) |
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Experimental Observation and Creation of Surfaces |
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73 | (14) |
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Low-Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) |
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74 | (1) |
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Reflection High-Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED) |
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75 | (1) |
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Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) |
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76 | (1) |
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Field Ion Microscopy (FIM) |
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77 | (1) |
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Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) |
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77 | (5) |
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Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) |
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82 | (1) |
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High Resolution Electron Microscopy (HREM) |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (3) |
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85 | (2) |
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87 | (46) |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (10) |
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87 | (2) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (3) |
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Nonequilibrium Structures in Alloys |
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94 | (1) |
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Dynamics of Phase Separation |
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95 | (2) |
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97 | (2) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (4) |
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99 | (2) |
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Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) |
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101 | (2) |
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Calculating Correlation Functions |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (4) |
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107 | (3) |
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Nematics, Cholesterics, and Smectics |
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108 | (1) |
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Liquid Crystal Order Parameter |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (5) |
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111 | (4) |
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115 | (18) |
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One-Dimensional Quasicrystal |
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116 | (5) |
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Two-Dimensional Quasicrystals---Penrose Tiles |
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121 | (3) |
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Experimental Observations |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (4) |
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129 | (4) |
II ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE |
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133 | (128) |
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The Single-Electron Model |
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135 | (20) |
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135 | (2) |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (4) |
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Definition of Density of States D |
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140 | (1) |
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Results for Free Electrons |
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141 | (2) |
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Statistical Mechanics of Noninteracting Electrons |
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143 | (3) |
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146 | (9) |
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Specific Heat of Noninteracting Electrons at Low Temperatures |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (3) |
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153 | (2) |
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The Schrodinger Equation and Symmetry |
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155 | (30) |
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155 | (1) |
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Translational Symmetry---Bloch's Theorem |
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155 | (14) |
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160 | (3) |
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Fourier Analysis of Bloch's Theorem |
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163 | (3) |
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166 | (3) |
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Rotational Symmetry---Group Representations |
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169 | (16) |
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175 | (3) |
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Consequences of point group symmetries for Schrodinger's equation |
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178 | (3) |
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181 | (3) |
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184 | (1) |
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Nearly Free and Tightly Bound Electrons |
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185 | (18) |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (4) |
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Degenerate Perturbation Theory |
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187 | (2) |
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189 | (5) |
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Nearly Free Electron Fermi Surfaces |
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191 | (3) |
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194 | (9) |
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194 | (3) |
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197 | (2) |
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199 | (3) |
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202 | (1) |
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Electron-Electron Interactions |
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203 | (26) |
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203 | (1) |
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Hartree and Hartree-Fock Equations |
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204 | (10) |
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205 | (1) |
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205 | (4) |
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209 | (3) |
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Hartree-Fock Equations for Jellium |
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212 | (2) |
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Density Functional Theory |
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214 | (6) |
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216 | (2) |
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218 | (2) |
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220 | (9) |
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223 | (3) |
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226 | (3) |
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Calculation of Band Structures |
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229 | (32) |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (16) |
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Pseudopotentials and Orthogonalized Planes Waves (OPW) |
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230 | (5) |
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Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals (LCAO) |
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235 | (2) |
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237 | (3) |
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Linear Augmented Plane Waves (LAPW) |
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240 | (3) |
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Linearized Muffin Tin Orbitals (LMTO) |
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243 | (3) |
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Definition of Metals, Insulators, and Semiconductors |
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246 | (2) |
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Brief Survey of the Periodic Table |
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248 | (13) |
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248 | (2) |
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Nearly Free Electron Metals |
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250 | (2) |
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252 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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252 | (2) |
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254 | (4) |
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258 | (3) |
III MECHANICAL PROPERTIES |
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261 | (150) |
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263 | (24) |
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263 | (2) |
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263 | (2) |
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265 | (4) |
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269 | (3) |
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270 | (2) |
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272 | (4) |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (4) |
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277 | (2) |
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Structural Phase Transitions |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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Cohesive Energy from Band Calculations |
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280 | (2) |
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282 | (5) |
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283 | (2) |
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285 | (2) |
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287 | (18) |
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287 | (1) |
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General Theory of Linear Elasticity |
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287 | (8) |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (5) |
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295 | (10) |
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295 | (3) |
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298 | (3) |
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Composite and Granular Materials |
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301 | (1) |
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301 | (2) |
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303 | (2) |
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305 | (38) |
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305 | (1) |
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Vibrations of a Classical Lattice |
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305 | (8) |
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307 | (2) |
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309 | (4) |
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Vibrations of a Quantum-Mechanical Lattice |
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313 | (13) |
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317 | (4) |
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Einstein and Debye Models |
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321 | (3) |
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324 | (2) |
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Inelastic Scattering from Phonons |
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326 | (10) |
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327 | (2) |
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Formal Theory of Neutron Scattering |
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329 | (4) |
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333 | (2) |
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Evaluation of Structure Factor |
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335 | (1) |
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336 | (1) |
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336 | (7) |
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339 | (1) |
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340 | (3) |
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343 | (32) |
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343 | (2) |
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345 | (8) |
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Experimental Observations of Dislocations |
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347 | (3) |
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Force to Move a Dislocation |
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350 | (1) |
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One-Dimensional Dislocations: Frenkel-Kontorova Model |
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350 | (3) |
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Two-Dimensional Dislocations and Hexatic Phases |
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353 | (10) |
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Impossibility of Crystalline Order in Two Dimensions |
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353 | (2) |
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355 | (1) |
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Kosterlitz-Thouless-Berezinskii Transition |
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356 | (7) |
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363 | (12) |
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363 | (3) |
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Stresses Around an Elliptical Hole |
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366 | (2) |
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368 | (1) |
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Atomic Aspects of Fracture |
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368 | (2) |
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370 | (3) |
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373 | (2) |
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375 | (36) |
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375 | (1) |
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375 | (3) |
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375 | (2) |
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377 | (1) |
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378 | (7) |
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385 | (4) |
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389 | (22) |
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392 | (1) |
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393 | (2) |
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395 | (5) |
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Lagrangian Theory of Wave Function |
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|
400 | (3) |
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|
403 | (1) |
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|
404 | (4) |
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|
408 | (3) |
IV ELECTRON TRANSPORT |
|
411 | (148) |
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Dynamics of Bloch Electrons |
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|
413 | (30) |
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|
413 | (2) |
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|
413 | (2) |
|
Semiclassical Electron Dynamics |
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|
415 | (4) |
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|
416 | (1) |
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|
417 | (2) |
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|
419 | (1) |
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Noninteracting Electrons in an Electric Field |
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419 | (6) |
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422 | (3) |
|
Semiclassical Equations from Wave Packets |
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|
425 | (5) |
|
Formal Dynamics of Wave Packets |
|
|
425 | (5) |
|
Quantizing Semiclassical Dynamics |
|
|
430 | (13) |
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432 | (1) |
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de Haas-van Alphen Effect |
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|
432 | (2) |
|
Experimental Measurements of Fermi Surfaces |
|
|
434 | (3) |
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437 | (3) |
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|
440 | (3) |
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Transport Phenomena and Fermi Liquid Theory |
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|
443 | (38) |
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|
443 | (1) |
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443 | (6) |
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|
445 | (1) |
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Relaxation Time Approximation |
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|
446 | (2) |
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Relation to Rate of Production of Entropy |
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|
448 | (1) |
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|
449 | (2) |
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|
450 | (1) |
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451 | (11) |
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451 | (2) |
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|
453 | (1) |
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Mixed Thermal and Electrical Gradients |
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|
454 | (1) |
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455 | (1) |
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Thermopower---Seebeck Effect |
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456 | (1) |
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|
457 | (1) |
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457 | (2) |
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459 | (2) |
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|
461 | (1) |
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|
462 | (1) |
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462 | (19) |
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|
462 | (2) |
|
Statistical Mechanics of Quasi-Particles |
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|
464 | (2) |
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466 | (2) |
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|
468 | (1) |
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|
469 | (1) |
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|
470 | (3) |
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Comparison with Experiment in 3He |
|
|
473 | (1) |
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|
474 | (4) |
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|
478 | (3) |
|
Microscopic Theories of Conduction |
|
|
481 | (36) |
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|
481 | (1) |
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Weak Scattering Theory of Conductivity |
|
|
481 | (7) |
|
General Formula for Relaxation Time |
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|
481 | (5) |
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|
486 | (1) |
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|
487 | (1) |
|
Metal-Insulator Transitions |
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|
488 | (11) |
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|
488 | (4) |
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Impurity Scattering and Green's Functions |
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|
492 | (1) |
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493 | (4) |
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|
497 | (2) |
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Coherent Potential Approximation |
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|
499 | (1) |
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|
500 | (17) |
|
Exact Results in One Dimension |
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|
501 | (4) |
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Scaling Theory of Localization |
|
|
505 | (4) |
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Comparison with Experiment |
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|
509 | (1) |
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510 | (4) |
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514 | (3) |
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517 | (42) |
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|
517 | (1) |
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518 | (6) |
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519 | (1) |
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520 | (2) |
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|
522 | (2) |
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524 | (9) |
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|
525 | (3) |
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Semiconductor in Equilibrium |
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|
528 | (2) |
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530 | (1) |
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|
531 | (2) |
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533 | (15) |
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536 | (1) |
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|
537 | (3) |
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Boltzmann Equation for Semiconductors |
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|
540 | (2) |
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Detailed Theory of Rectification |
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|
542 | (3) |
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545 | (3) |
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548 | (11) |
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548 | (2) |
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550 | (3) |
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553 | (3) |
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|
556 | (1) |
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|
557 | (2) |
V OPTICAL PROPERTIES |
|
559 | (110) |
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|
561 | (22) |
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|
561 | (2) |
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563 | (5) |
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565 | (1) |
|
Mechanical Oscillators as Dielectric Function |
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|
566 | (2) |
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|
568 | (5) |
|
Application to Optical Experiments |
|
|
570 | (3) |
|
The Kubo-Greenwood Formula |
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|
573 | (10) |
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573 | (4) |
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577 | (1) |
|
Many-Body Green Functions |
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|
578 | (1) |
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|
578 | (3) |
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|
581 | (2) |
|
Optical Properties of Semiconductors |
|
|
583 | (26) |
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|
583 | (1) |
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|
583 | (5) |
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|
586 | (2) |
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|
588 | (3) |
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|
588 | (1) |
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589 | (2) |
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|
591 | (4) |
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|
591 | (3) |
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|
594 | (1) |
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|
595 | (1) |
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|
595 | (14) |
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|
595 | (1) |
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596 | (6) |
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|
602 | (4) |
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|
606 | (3) |
|
Optical Properties of Insulators |
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|
609 | (28) |
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|
609 | (1) |
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|
609 | (4) |
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|
609 | (2) |
|
Clausius-Mossotti Relation |
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|
611 | (2) |
|
Optical Modes in Ionic Crystals |
|
|
613 | (10) |
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|
616 | (2) |
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|
618 | (5) |
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Experimental Observations of Polarons |
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
Point Defects and Color Centers |
|
|
623 | (14) |
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|
624 | (1) |
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
Electron Spin Resonance and Electron Nuclear Double Resonance |
|
|
626 | (2) |
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|
628 | (1) |
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|
628 | (4) |
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|
632 | (1) |
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|
633 | (2) |
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|
635 | (2) |
|
Optical Properties of Metals and Inelastic Scattering |
|
|
637 | (32) |
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|
637 | (3) |
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|
637 | (3) |
|
Metals at Low Frequencies |
|
|
640 | (3) |
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|
642 | (1) |
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|
643 | (3) |
|
Experimental Observation of Plasmons |
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|
644 | (2) |
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|
646 | (3) |
|
Brillouin and Raman Scattering |
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|
649 | (2) |
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|
650 | (1) |
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|
651 | (1) |
|
Inelastic X-Ray Scattering |
|
|
651 | (1) |
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|
651 | (18) |
|
Measurement of Work Functions |
|
|
651 | (3) |
|
Angle-Resolved Photoemission |
|
|
654 | (4) |
|
Core-Level Photoemission and Charge-Transfer Insulators |
|
|
658 | (6) |
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|
664 | (3) |
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|
667 | (2) |
VI MAGNETISM |
|
669 | (172) |
|
Classical Theories of Magnetism and Ordering |
|
|
671 | (36) |
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|
671 | (1) |
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|
671 | (4) |
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|
671 | (1) |
|
|
672 | (1) |
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|
673 | (2) |
|
|
675 | (7) |
|
Spontaneous Magnetization of Ferromagnets |
|
|
678 | (1) |
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|
679 | (2) |
|
|
681 | (1) |
|
Mean Field Theory and the Ising Model |
|
|
682 | (6) |
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|
684 | (3) |
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|
687 | (1) |
|
Other Order-Disorder Transitions |
|
|
688 | (3) |
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|
688 | (3) |
|
|
691 | (1) |
|
|
691 | (16) |
|
|
692 | (6) |
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|
698 | (4) |
|
|
702 | (3) |
|
|
705 | (2) |
|
Magnetism of Ions and Electrons |
|
|
707 | (38) |
|
|
707 | (2) |
|
|
709 | (8) |
|
|
710 | (4) |
|
|
714 | (3) |
|
Magnetism of the Free-Electron Gas |
|
|
717 | (7) |
|
|
718 | (1) |
|
|
719 | (3) |
|
|
722 | (2) |
|
Tightly Bound Electrons in Magnetic Fields |
|
|
724 | (4) |
|
|
728 | (17) |
|
Integer Quantum Hall Effect |
|
|
728 | (5) |
|
Fractional Quantum Hall Effect |
|
|
733 | (6) |
|
|
739 | (3) |
|
|
742 | (3) |
|
Quantum Mechanics of Interacting Magnetic Moments |
|
|
745 | (38) |
|
|
745 | (1) |
|
|
745 | (5) |
|
Heitler-London Calculation |
|
|
745 | (5) |
|
|
750 | (1) |
|
|
750 | (9) |
|
Indirect Exchange and Superexchange |
|
|
752 | (1) |
|
|
753 | (1) |
|
|
753 | (3) |
|
Spin Waves in Antiferromagnets |
|
|
756 | (3) |
|
Comparison with Experiment |
|
|
759 | (1) |
|
Ferromagnetism in Transition Metals |
|
|
759 | (4) |
|
|
759 | (2) |
|
Calculations Within Band Theory |
|
|
761 | (2) |
|
|
763 | (9) |
|
|
768 | (4) |
|
|
772 | (11) |
|
|
773 | (3) |
|
|
776 | (3) |
|
|
779 | (4) |
|
|
783 | (58) |
|
|
783 | (1) |
|
Phenomenology of Superconductivity |
|
|
784 | (18) |
|
Phenomenological Free Energy |
|
|
785 | (2) |
|
Thermodynamics of Superconductors |
|
|
787 | (1) |
|
Landau-Ginzburg Free Energy |
|
|
788 | (1) |
|
Type I and Type II Superconductors |
|
|
789 | (5) |
|
|
794 | (2) |
|
|
796 | (2) |
|
Circuits with Josephson Junction Elements |
|
|
798 | (1) |
|
|
799 | (1) |
|
Origin of Josephson's Equations |
|
|
800 | (2) |
|
Microscopic Theory of Superconductivity |
|
|
802 | (39) |
|
|
803 | (3) |
|
|
806 | (2) |
|
Instability of the Normal State: Cooper Problem |
|
|
808 | (4) |
|
Self-Consistent Ground State |
|
|
812 | (5) |
|
Thermodynamics of Superconductors |
|
|
817 | (3) |
|
Superconductor in External Magnetic Field |
|
|
820 | (4) |
|
Derivation of Meissner Effect |
|
|
824 | (3) |
|
Comparison with Experiment |
|
|
827 | (1) |
|
High-Temperature Superconductors |
|
|
828 | (5) |
|
|
833 | (4) |
|
|
837 | (4) |
APPENDICES |
|
841 | (18) |
|
A Lattice Sums and Fourier Transforms |
|
|
843 | (6) |
|
|
843 | (1) |
|
|
843 | (1) |
|
A.3 Three-Dimensional Sum |
|
|
844 | (1) |
|
|
845 | (1) |
|
|
846 | (1) |
|
A.6 Using the Fast Fourier Transform |
|
|
846 | (2) |
|
|
848 | (1) |
|
|
849 | (4) |
|
B.1 Functionals and Functional Derivatives |
|
|
849 | (1) |
|
B.2 Time-Independent Schrodinger Equation |
|
|
850 | (1) |
|
B.3 Time-Dependent Schrodinger Equation |
|
|
851 | (1) |
|
B.4 Method of Steepest Descent |
|
|
852 | (1) |
|
|
852 | (1) |
|
|
853 | (6) |
|
|
853 | (1) |
|
|
853 | (1) |
|
|
853 | (1) |
|
|
854 | (1) |
|
|
855 | (1) |
|
|
855 | (1) |
|
|
856 | (3) |
Index |
|
859 | |