A Brief History Of Chinese And Japanese Civilizations,9780534643072

A Brief History Of Chinese And Japanese Civilizations

by
Edition: 3rd
ISBN13: 9780534643072
ISBN10: 0534643078
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2005-07-11
Publisher(s): Wadsworth Publishing
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Summary

Preface. Part I: THE CLASSICAL CIVILIZATION OF CHINA. 1. Chinese Antiquity. 2. The Age of Philosophers. 3. The First Empire: 221 B.C.-A.D. 220. Part II: CHINA AND JAPAN IN A BUDDHIST AGE. 4. China during the Period of Disunity. 5. The Cosmopolitan Civilization of the Sui and Tang. 6. Early Japan To 794. 7. Heian Japan. Part III: CHINA AND JAPAN: GENTRY AND SAMURAI. 8. China during the Song: 960-1279. 9. The Mongol Empire and The Yuan Dynasty. 10. The Ming Dynasty: 1368-1644. 11. Japan in the Kamakura Period: 1185-1333. 12. The Ashikaga Shogunate and The Period of Unification. 13. East Asia and Modern Europe: First Encounters. Part IV: TRADITIONAL CHINA AND JAPAN: THE LAST PHASE. 14. China under the Manchus. 15. Tokugawa Japan. Part V: CHINA AND JAPAN IN THE MODERN WORLD. 16. The Intrusion of the West: China. 17. The Intrusion of the West: Japan. 18. The Emergence of Modern Japan: 1874-1894. 19. Self-Strengthening In China: 1874-1894. 20. End of the Old Order and Struggle for the New: China. 21. The Limits of Success: Japan, 1895-1931.

Table of Contents

Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiv
About the Authors xvi
Part One: The Classical Civilization of China
1(82)
``China'' in Antiquity
2(22)
The Neolithic Age
3(4)
The Rise of the Bronze Age
7(1)
The Shang
7(1)
The Origins of Chinese Writing
8(1)
Oracle Bones
9(4)
Bronze Vessels
13(1)
Other Bronze Age Civilizations
14(3)
The Western Zhou Dynasty
17(3)
The Odes
20(4)
Turbulent Times and Classical Thought
24(26)
The Spring and Autumn Period
25(3)
The Warring States Period
28(4)
``The Hundred Schools''
32(1)
Confucius
33(2)
Mozi
35(3)
Mencius
38(2)
Xunzi
40(2)
Laozi and Zhuangzi
42(4)
Han Feizi
46(4)
The Early Imperial Period
50(33)
The Qin
51(5)
Sources and Historiographical Problems
51(3)
Reappraisals
54(2)
The Han
56(27)
The Formative Years
56(2)
The Quality of Han Rule
58(2)
The Xiongnu and Other Neighboring Peoples
60(1)
Intellectual Movements
61(4)
Poetry
65(2)
Gender
67(4)
Changes in Political Economy during the Han Period
71(6)
The Fall of the Han
77(6)
Part Two: China and Japan in a Buddhist Age
83(120)
China during the Period of Disunity
84(22)
The Fundamentals of Buddhism
85(3)
A World in Disarray
88(2)
China Divided
90(1)
The Northern Wei (386--534)
91(1)
Buddhism in the North
92(3)
Daoism---The Religion
95(2)
The South
97(2)
Poetry
99(1)
Calligraphy
100(1)
Painting
101(2)
Buddhism in the South
103(1)
China on the Eve of Reunification
104(2)
The Cosmopolitan Civilization of the Sui and Tang: 581--907
106(28)
The Sui (581--617)
107(2)
The Tang: Establishment and Consolidation
109(3)
Gaozong and Empress Wu
112(2)
High Tang
114(1)
City Life in the Capital: Chang'an
115(3)
The Flourishing of Buddhism
118(1)
Institutionally
118(1)
Aesthetically
119(1)
Intellectually
119(2)
Pure Land and Chan
121(1)
The Hungry Ghost Festival
122(1)
Daoism
123(1)
The Rebellion of An Lushan (755--763)
123(1)
Li Bai and Du Fu
124(3)
Late Tang
127(1)
Late Tang Poetry and Culture
128(2)
Collapse of the Dynasty
130(4)
Early Japan to 794
134(40)
Prehistory
135(13)
Geography
135(3)
Paleolithic Culture
138(1)
Jomon Culture
138(3)
Yayoi Culture
141(2)
Political and Social Developments
143(1)
The Tomb Period (Mid-Third-Late Sixth Century C.E.)
144(2)
The Yamato Kings
146(2)
The Emergence of the Japanese State and Elite Culture
148(26)
Korean Backgrounds
149(1)
The Late Tomb Period
150(2)
The Seventh-Century Transition (the Asuka Period)
152(4)
Nara as a Center and Symbol
156(3)
Nara as a Religious Center
159(2)
Documents and Structures
161(2)
Literature
163(3)
The Visual Arts
166(5)
The End of the Nara Period
171(3)
Heian Japan
174(29)
The Fujiwara
176(1)
The Estates
177(1)
Government and Administration
178(2)
The Warriors
180(1)
Rule by Retired Emperors
181(1)
Heian Buddhism: Tendai
182(1)
Esoteric Buddhism: Shingon
183(1)
Pietism
184(2)
A World Permeated by Religion
186(1)
Literature
187(4)
Life of the Heian Aristocracy
191(2)
The Visual Arts
193(5)
Painting
198(2)
The Phoenix Pavilion
200(3)
Part Three: A New and Crucial Phase
203(140)
China during the Song: 960--1279
204(32)
The Founding
205(1)
The New Elite
206(1)
The Examination System
207(1)
The Northern Song
208(1)
Government and Politics
209(3)
Wang Anshi
212(1)
The Economy
213(3)
The Religious Scene
216(3)
The Confucian Revival
219(1)
Poetry and Painting
219(4)
The Southern Song (1127--1279)
223(1)
Southern Song Cities and Commerce
224(1)
Literary and Visual Arts
225(2)
``Neo-Confucianism''
227(3)
Values and Gender
230(3)
The End
233(3)
The Mongol Empire and the Yuan Dynasty
236(22)
Chinggis Khan: Founding of the Mongol Empire
237(3)
China under the Mongols: The Early Years (1211--1260)
240(1)
Khubilai Khan and the Early Yuan
241(2)
The Yuan Continued, 1294--1355
243(2)
The Economy
245(1)
Society
246(1)
Religion
246(1)
Cultural and Intellectual Life
247(2)
``Northern'' Drama
249(3)
Painting
252(3)
Rebellions and Disintegration
255(3)
The Ming Dynasty: 1368--1644
258(28)
The Early Ming (1368-1424)
259(3)
Maritime Expeditions (1405--1433)
262(1)
The Early Middle Period (1425-1505)
263(2)
The Later Middle Period (1506-1590)
265(3)
Economy and Society
268(2)
Literacy and Literature
270(1)
The Novel
271(1)
Drama
272(1)
Painting
273(2)
Ming Thought: Wang Yangming
275(2)
Religion
277(1)
Ming Thought after Wang Yangming
278(1)
Dong Qichang and Late Ming Painting
279(2)
Late Ming Government (1590--1644)
281(5)
The Kamakura Period in Japan
286(22)
Triumph and Fall of the Taira (1156--1185)
287(1)
Establishment of the Bakufu
288(2)
Local Governance
290(1)
The Hojo Regents
291(1)
The Mongol Invasion and Its Aftermath
292(2)
The Warrior and His Ideals
294(1)
Religion: The Pure Land Sect
294(2)
Nichiren
296(1)
Zen
297(1)
Kami Worship
298(1)
Religious Art
299(5)
Literature
304(4)
Muromachi Japan
308(20)
The Kenmu Restoration (1333--1336)
309(1)
The Establishment of the Ashikaga Shogunate (1336--1368)
310(1)
Japanese and Continental Culture
311(1)
Government and Politics
312(2)
Yoshimitsu and His Age
314(1)
The No Drama
315(2)
Political Decline and Cultural Brilliance
317(3)
Poetry and Painting
320(3)
Economic Growth
323(2)
A Century of Warfare
325(3)
East Asia and Modern Europe: First Encounters
328(15)
The Portuguese in East Asia
329(2)
The Jesuits in Japan
331(2)
The Impact of Other Europeans
333(1)
The ``Closing'' of Japan
334(2)
The Jesuits in China
336(2)
The Rites Controversy
338(1)
The Decline of Christianity in China
339(2)
Trade with the West and the Canton System
341(2)
Part Four: Last Dynasties
343(59)
Tokugawa: Background, Establishment, and Middle Years
344(34)
The Legacy of War
345(1)
Unification and Consolidation (1573--1651)
346(7)
Oda Nobunaga
347(1)
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
348(1)
The Invasion of Korea
349(2)
Grand Castles and the Arts
351(2)
The Tokugawa Political Consolidation (1600--1653)
353(3)
The Middle Years (1653--1787)
356(22)
Bakufu-Han Relations
356(2)
Economic and Social Change
358(2)
Classes and Values
360(2)
The Aesthetic Culture of the Aristocracy
362(1)
Genroku Urban Culture
363(1)
The Print
364(1)
Theater and Literature
365(3)
Intellectual Currents: Confucianism
368(2)
Historiography and Nativism
370(1)
Dutch Learning
371(1)
Reform and Its Limits
372(1)
Art and Literature after the Genroku Period
373(5)
The Qing Dynasty
378(24)
The Founding of the Qing
379(3)
Early Qing Thinkers and Painters
382(2)
The Reign of Kangxi
384(2)
Yongzheng
386(1)
Qianlong
387(2)
Eighteenth-Century Governance
389(1)
Eighteenth-Century Literati Culture
390(1)
Fiction
391(3)
A Buoyant Economy
394(1)
Social Change
395(3)
Ecology
398(1)
Dynastic Decline
399(3)
Part Five: China and Japan in the Modern World
402(159)
China: The Troubled Nineteenth Century
404(34)
The Opium War and Taiping Rebellion
405(14)
The Opium War (1839--1841) and Its Causes
406(4)
The Treaty of Nanjing and the Treaty System
410(2)
Internal Crisis
412(1)
The Taiping Rebellion (1850--1864)
413(2)
Zeng Guofan and the Defeat of the Taiping
415(2)
China and the World from the Treaty of Nanjing to the End of the Taiping
417(2)
1870--1894
419(14)
The Post-Taiping Revival
419(1)
Self-Strengthening---The First Phase
420(3)
Self-Strengthening---The Theory
423(1)
The Empress Dowager and the Government
424(2)
Education
426(1)
Economic Self-Strengthening
427(1)
The Traditional Economic Sector
428(1)
Missionary Efforts and Christian Influences
429(2)
Old and New Wine in Old Bottles
431(2)
Foreign Relations
433(5)
Continued Pressures
433(1)
Vietnam and the Sino-French War of 1884--1885
434(4)
Japan: Endings and Beginnings: From Tokugawa to Meiji, 1787--1873
438(24)
Late Tokugawa
439(14)
The Bakufu (1787--1841)
439(1)
Economy and Society
440(1)
Reforms
441(2)
Intellectual Currents
443(2)
The Opening of Japan
445(3)
Domestic Politics
448(1)
Sonno Joi
449(1)
Mixed Responses to the West
450(1)
Last Years of the Shogunate (1860--1867)
450(3)
The Meiji Restoration
453(9)
Formation of a New Government
453(1)
The Charter Oath
454(1)
Dismantling the Old Order
455(1)
Disaffection and Opposition
456(1)
The Crisis of 1873
457(1)
The Meaning of the Restoration
458(4)
The Emergence of Modern Japan: 1874--1894
462(24)
Political Developments
464(1)
Formation of Parties
465(2)
The Emperor and the Constitution
467(2)
Western Influences on Values and Ideas
469(1)
``Civilization and Enlightenment''
469(2)
Social Darwinism
471(1)
The Arts
472(1)
Conservatism and Nationalism
473(2)
Education
475(2)
Modernizing the Economy
477(1)
The Zaibatsu
478(2)
The Military
480(1)
Korea and the Sino-Japanese War of 1894--1895
481(2)
The Treaty of Shimonoseki (April 1895)
483(3)
China: Endings and Beginnings, 1894--1927
486(26)
The Last Years of the Last Dynasty
487(9)
The New Reformers
487(2)
The Scramble for Concessions
489(1)
The Boxer Rising
490(1)
Winds of Change
491(1)
Stirrings of Protest and Revolution
492(1)
Eleventh-Hour Reform
493(2)
The Revolution of 1911
495(1)
From Yuan Shikai to Chiang Kai-shek
496(16)
Yuan Shikai
496(1)
The Warlord Era
497(1)
Intellectual Ferment
498(2)
Intellectual Alternatives
500(1)
Cultural Alternatives
501(3)
Marxism in China: The Early Years
504(1)
The GMD and Sun Yat-sen (1913--1923)
505(1)
GMD and C.C.P. Cooperation (1923--1927)
506(2)
The Break
508(1)
Establishment of the Nationalist Government
509(3)
Imperial Japan: 1895--1931
512(24)
Late Meiji (1895--1912)
513(10)
Foreign Policy and Empire Building
513(3)
Economic and Social Developments
516(1)
Politics
517(2)
Literature and the Arts
519(4)
The Taisho Period (1912--1926) and the 1920s
523(13)
The Taisho Political Crisis (1912--1913)
523(1)
Japan during World War I
524(1)
Politics and Policies (1918--1924)
525(2)
Party Government (1924--1931)
527(2)
Popular Culture
529(1)
Fine Arts
530(1)
Mingei
531(1)
Literature
532(1)
Intellectual Trends
533(3)
The 1930s and World War II
536(25)
The Manchurian Incident and Its Consequences
537(2)
Japanese Politics and the Road to War
539(2)
China: The Nanjing Decade---An Uneasy Peace
541(1)
China: The Nanjing Decade---Domestic Policies
542(2)
The Chinese Communists (1927--1934)
544(2)
The Long March
546(2)
United Front and War
548(1)
Expansion of the War into a Pacific War
549(2)
The Course of the War
551(1)
China at War
552(3)
Japan at War
555(1)
Colonial East Asia during the War
556(1)
The End of the War
557(4)
Part Six: East Asia since World War II
561(99)
The Aftermath of the War and Unfinished Business
562(24)
Toward a New Order in China and Japan
563(13)
China: Civil War and Communist Triumph (1945--1949)
563(4)
Taiwan
567(3)
Japan: The Occupation (1945--1952)
570(1)
Means and Ends
570(2)
Social Policies
572(1)
Economic Policy
573(2)
The End of the Occupation
575(1)
Unfinished Business: Korea and Vietnam
576(10)
The Korean War
578(1)
International Relations after the Korean War
578(1)
Vietnam
579(3)
The Vietnam War (1946--1975) and Its Aftermath
582(4)
China under Mao
586(24)
Consolidation and Construction Soviet Style, 1949--1958
587(7)
Government and Politics
587(2)
Foreign Relations and the Korean War
589(1)
Economic Policies
590(2)
Thought Reform and Intellectuals
592(2)
The Revolution Continued, 1958--1976
594(16)
The Great Leap Forward
594(3)
The Sino-Soviet Split
597(2)
Domestic Politics, 1961--1965
599(2)
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution: The Radical Phase, 1966--1969
601(2)
The Winding Down, 1969--1976
603(7)
The Chinese World since Mao
610(22)
Deng Xiaoping and the Four Modernizations
611(2)
The Four Cardinal Principles
613(1)
Intellectual Life and the Arts in the 1980s
614(2)
Tiananmen
616(2)
State, Economy, and Society in the 1990s and into the New Century
618(2)
The Environment
620(1)
The Revival of Religion
621(1)
Foreign Relations and Hong Kong
622(2)
Intellectuals and Artists in the 1990s and into the New Century
624(3)
Taiwan
627(5)
The New Japan
632(28)
The New Japan (1952--1989)
634(8)
The Economy
634(3)
Government and Politics
637(2)
The 1970s and 1980s
639(3)
Society, Thought, and the Arts
642(11)
Social Change and Quality of Life
642(4)
Film
646(2)
Intellectual Life and Literature
648(2)
The Visual Arts
650(3)
From 1989 into the New Century
653(7)
Afterword
660(7)
International Tensions
660(2)
Economic Globalization
662(1)
Contending Trends
663(1)
Cultural Globalization
664(3)
Appendix: Suggestions for Further Study 667(27)
Photo Credits 694(2)
Text Credits 696(2)
Index 698

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