Arms Procurement Decision Making Volume 1: China, India, Israel, Japan, South Korea and Thailand,9780198292791

Arms Procurement Decision Making Volume 1: China, India, Israel, Japan, South Korea and Thailand

by
ISBN13: 9780198292791
ISBN10: 0198292791
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 1999-02-25
Publisher(s): Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
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Summary

This study is a comparative analysis of the arms procurement decision-making processes in five countries. It examines whether or not national arms procurement processes, even as they involve sensitive security issues and complex systems, can become more responsive to the broader objectives of security and public accountability. The country case studies are based to a large extent on original research papers written by experts from the respective national academic and defense procurement communities.

Table of Contents

Preface ix(1)
Acknowledgements x(1)
Acronyms and abbreviations xi
1. Introduction
1(7)
Ravinder Pal Singh
I. Background
1(1)
II. The rationale for this study
1(3)
III. The scope, method and conduct of the study
4
Table 1.1. Four major themes of this study
5
Figure 1.1. A sample of essential public services required by society
2
2. China
8(40)
Chinese Country Study Group
I. Introduction
8(1)
II. The arms procurement decision-making process
9(18)
III. The domestic context
27(9)
IV. Factors influencing arms procurement
36(5)
IV. Conclusions
41
Table 2.1. The Chinese defence budget, 1953-80
28
Figure 2.1. High-level organizations in Chinese arms procurement decision making
10
Figure 2.2. Organization of arms procurement bureaux and institutes in the PLA
13
Figure 2.3 The research and information establishments of China's Central Military Commission
16
Figure 2.4. Stages in the Chinese military R&D process
20
Appendix 2A. China's military R&D, manufacturing and trading
43
Appendix 2B. The development of coastal minesweepers by the PLAN in the 1980s
45
Figure 2B.1. Organizations involved in the development of a warship
47
3. India
48(43)
Ravinder Pal Singh
I. Introduction
48(1)
II. The arms procurement decision-making process
49(14)
III. The Indo-Soviet arms transfer relationship
63(3)
IV. Deficiencies in the process
66
V. Conclusions and recommendations
83
Figure 3.1. Organization involved in the Indian arms procurement and review process, 1997
50
Figure 3.2. The arms procurement decision-making process in the Indian Ministry of Defence
52
Figure 3.3. Information and decision channels in the Indian arms procurement decision-making process
55
Appendix 3A. India's defence R&D and production establishments
88
4. Israel
91(40)
Gerald Steinberg
I. Introduction
91(3)
II. The arms procurement decision-making process
94(4)
III. Threat assessment and Israeli security planning
98(6)
IV. External influences on arms procurement
104(4)
V. Procurement budgeting
108(3)
VI. Influence of the defence industry
111(5)
VII. Checks and balances
116(9)
VIII. Analysis and recommendations
125(5)
IX. Conclusions
130
Table 4.1. US military aid to Israel, 1949-95
105
Table 4.2. The Israeli defence budget by category, 1989-94
109
Table 4.3. The Israeli defence industry: sales and exports, 1980-95
112
Table 4.4. Subsidies for Israeli state-owned defence firms, 1991-94
116
Figure 4.1. Major actors in the Israeli defence establishment
96
Figure 4.2. Military technology evaluation procedure in Israel
102
Figure 4.3. Evaluation of the equipment needs of the Israeli infantry based on decision tree analysis
103
5. Japan
131(46)
Masako Ikegami-Andersson
I. Introduction
131(2)
II. The arms procurement decision-making process
133(12)
III. Defence budgeting
145(6)
IV. R&D and domestic production in arms procurement
151(10)
V. Factors which constrain the rationality of arms procurement in Japan
161(10)
VI. Conclusions
171
Table 5.1. The Japanese defence budget and its share of GNP, 1955-95
136
Table 5.2. Stages in the defence and arms procurement decision-making process in Japan
139
Table 5.3. Changes in the composition of Japanese defence expenditure (original budget), FYs 1992-96
146
Table 5.4. Budget allocations to the Japanese Self-Defense Forces, 1992-96
147
Table 5.5. Annual process of compiling the Japanese defence budget
148
Table 5.6. Government expenditure on defence R&D in select countries
152
Table 5.7. Ratios of defence production to industrial production and of domestic procurement to total procurement in Japan, 1985-94
158
Table 5.8. Defence production by category as a percentage of total industrial production in Japan, 1994 (preliminary)
159
Figure 5.1. Coordination of foreign and security policy making in Japan
141
Figure 5.2. Actors involved in arms procurement decision making in the Japan Defense Agency and the Self-Defense Forces
144
Figure 5.3. The role of the Japanese Central Procurement Office in the arms procurement decision-making process
145
Figure 5.4. The organization of the Japanese Technical Research and Development Institute
153
Figure 5.5. Flow-chart of defence R&D planning in Japan
156
6. South Korea
177(34)
Jong Chul Choi
I. Introduction
177(2)
II. The arms procurement decision-making process
179(23)
III. Problems with the arms procurement process and recommendations
202(7)
IV. Conclusions: short-and long-term developments
209
Table 6.1. Major activities of the force improvement plan, 1974-94
183
Table 6.2. Major arms to be procured under the Mid-Term National Defense Plan for 2001
184
Table 6.3. Procurement by source: domestic, foreign and US, 1988-94
185
Table 6.4. Defence R&D investment in South Korea, 1970-95
192
Table 6.5. South Korean imports of major conventional weapons, 1980-96
193
Table 6.6. Rank of offset preferences based on technological merit
197
Table 6.7. Technology assessment for domestic R&D
198
Table 6.8. Methods of arms acquisitions in South Korea, 1970-
200
Table 6.9. Designated defence products and contractors, 1996
201
Table 6.10. Time span of the arms procurement decision-making process
204
Table 6.11. Offset rates provided by the 50 largest US arms exporting companies, 1980-87
205
Table 6.12. Comparison of offset rates and directed buy-back requirement in the F/A-18 co-production programmes
206
Figure 6.1. South Korea's National Defense Planning and Management System
180
Figure 6.2. Main stages in South Korea's arms procurement process
187
7. Thailand
211(31)
Panitan Wattanayagorn
I. Introduction
211(1)
II. The arms procurement decision-making process
212(11)
III. Arms procurement programmes
223(3)
IV. Problems with the existing structure
226(2)
V. Factors affecting arms procurement
228(6)
VI. An `ideal type' of process
234(6)
VII. Conclusions
240
Table 7.1. Equipment holdings of the armed forces of Thailand and its neighbouring countries, as of 1 August 1996
225
Table 7.2. The Thai Ministry of Defence budget, 1982-97
229
Table 7.3. Costs of the Thai equipment procurement and force modernization programmes, 1997
230
Table 7.4. Breakdown of the Thai Ministry of Defence budget, 1982, 1985 and 1990
231
Table 7.5. Breakdown of the Thai Ministry of Defence budget, 1992-95
232
Figure 7.1. The arms procurement structure in the Thai armed services
214
Figure 7.2. The arms procurement structure at the Thai Supreme Command Headquarters
215
Figure 7.3. The arms procurement structure at the Thai Ministry of Defence
216
Figure 7.4. The arms procurement structure in the Thai Parliament and Cabinet
217
Figure 7.5. A Model arms procurement structure for the Thai military
236
Figure 7.6. A Model arms procurement structure for the Thai Parliament
237
8. Comparative analysis
242(35)
Ravinder Pal Singh
I. Introduction
242(1)
II. Military and politico-security issues
243(7)
III. Defence budgets, financial planning and audit
250(5)
IV. Techno-industrial issues
255(8)
V. Organizational behaviour and public-interest issues
263(8)
VI. Conclusions
271
Table 8.1. Manpower ratios and personnel costs in Indian and Japanese R&D institutes
257
Table 8.2. High-technology engineering exports to the USA from China and India, 1991
260
Annexe A. Research questions 277(20)
Annexe B. Abstracts 297(10)
Annexe C. About the contributors 307(8)
Index 315

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