Ancient Cuzco

by
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2004-06-01
Publisher(s): Univ of Texas Pr
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Summary

"This book is a major, up-to-date synthesis of a large mass of empirical archaeological information, much of it collected during the past ten-to-fifteen years by Bauer and his associates. It also presents a full synthesis of historic and ethnohistoric sources bearing upon Cuzco and its inhabitants, including many previously unpublished photographs from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that add greatly to the book's overall importance and appeal." --Jeffrey R. Parsons, Professor of Anthropology and Curator of Latin American Archaeology, University of Michigan The Cuzco Valley of Peru was both the sacred and the political center of the largest state in the prehistoric Americas--the Inca Empire. From the city of Cuzco, the Incas ruled at least eight million people in a realm that stretched from modern-day Colombia to Chile. Yet, despite its great importance in the cultural development of the Americas, the Cuzco Valley has only recently received the same kind of systematic archaeological survey long since conducted at other New World centers of civilization. Drawing on the results of the Cuzco Valley Archaeological Project that Brian Bauer directed from 1994 to 2000, this landmark book undertakes the first general overview of the prehistory of the Cuzco region from the arrival of the first hunter-gatherers (ca. 7000 B.C.) to the fall of the Inca Empire in A.D. 1532. Combining archaeological survey and excavation data with historical records, the book addresses both the specific patterns of settlement in the Cuzco Valley and the larger processes of cultural development. With its wealth of new information, this book will become the baseline for research on the Inca and the Cuzco Valley for years to come.

Author Biography

Brian S. Bauer is Professor of Anthropology at the University of Illinois at Chicago. A leading expert on the Incas with over twenty years of field research experience in the Peruvian Andes, he is the author or coauthor of four previous books

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments xiii
Introduction to the Inca
1(14)
The Cuzco Valley at the Time of the Inca Empire: A Brief Overview
3(1)
The Cuzco Valley and Its Natural Resources
4(3)
Overview of Cuzco Archaeological Research
7(2)
The Cuzco Valley Archaeological Project
9(4)
The Cuzco Chronology
13(2)
The Inca Heartland
15(8)
The Social Hierarchy of the Cuzco Region
15(6)
Summary and Discussion
21(2)
Human Impact and Environmental History of the Cuzco Region
23(8)
Alex Chepstow-Lusty
Brian S. Bauer
Michael Frogley
Ice Cores
23(1)
Lake-Sediment Cores
23(1)
The Cuzco Environment and Human Impact: 10,000--2000 BC
24(1)
The Cuzco Environment and Human Impact: 2000 BC--AD 100
25(2)
The Cuzco Environment and Human Impact: AD 100--1100
27(1)
The Cuzco Environment and Human Impact: AD 1100--1490
28(1)
The Cuzco Environment and Human Impact during the Little Ice Age: AD 1490--1880
28(1)
Summary and Discussion
28(3)
The Archaic Period and the First People of the Cuzco Valley (9500--2200 BC)
31(8)
Brian S. Bauer
Bradford Jones
Cindy Klink
The Cuzco Archaic Period
33(3)
Summary and Discussion
36(3)
The Formative Period and the Emergence of Ranked Societies (2200 BC--AD 200)
39(8)
The Early Formative Phase (2200--1500 BC) and the Beginnings of Ceramic Production
39(1)
The Middle Formative Phase and the Establishment of Autochthonous Village Leadership (ca. 1500--500 BC)
40(1)
The Late Formative Phase and the Development of a Valley-wide Chiefdom (500 BC--AD 200)
41(1)
The Late Formative Phase in the Cuzco Valley
42(2)
Summary and Discussion
44(3)
The Qotakalli Period: Time of Regional Development (AD 200--600)
47(8)
Previous Research on the Qotakalli Period
47(3)
Altiplano Influence in the Cuzco Region during the Qotakalli Period
50(1)
The Cuzco Valley during the Qotakalli Period
51(2)
The Distribution of Qotakalli Ceramics beyond the Cuzco Valley
53(1)
Summary and Discussion
53(2)
The Wari Period (AD 600--1000) in the Cuzco Region
55(16)
Indicators of Wari Influence
55(1)
The Development and Expansion of the Wari Empire
56(1)
The Site of Pikillacta
57(5)
The Wari in the Cuzco Region
62(5)
Dating the Period of Wari Influence in the Cuzco Region
67(1)
Summary and Discussion
68(3)
The Development of the Inca State (AD 1000--1400)
71(20)
Brian S. Bauer
R. Alan Covey
Previous Research on the Development of the Inca Heartland
71(1)
Archaeological Surveys in the Inca Heartland
72(2)
Ceramic Styles of the Killke Period
74(1)
Other Killke-Related Styles in the Cuzco Region
75(1)
State Formation in the Cuzco Basin
76(2)
The Region South of the Cuzco Valley
78(1)
The Region West and Northwest of the Cuzco Valley
78(3)
The Region North of the Cuzco Valley
81(3)
The Region East and Southeast of the Cuzco Valley
84(3)
Inca State Formation and Imperial Administrative Strategies
87(2)
Summary and Discussion
89(2)
The Cuzco Valley during Imperial Inca Rule
91(16)
Identifying Inca Sites
91(3)
Distribution of Inca Sites in the Cuzco Valley
94(2)
Storage Facilities in Cuzco and the Valley
96(2)
The Site of Sacsayhuaman
98(7)
Summary and Discussion
105(2)
Inca Cuzco
107(32)
Important Documents
108(1)
The Arrival of the First Europeans in Cuzco
109(1)
The Fall of Inca Cuzco (1533--1536)
110(1)
The Plazas of Central Cuzco
111(6)
The Casana Compound
117(5)
The Coracora Compound
122(1)
East Side of the Plaza
122(2)
The Amarucancha Compound
124(2)
The Sondorhuaci Tower
126(2)
The Acllahuaci Compound
128(2)
The Hatuncancha Compound
130(4)
The Pucamarca Compound
134(1)
Cusicancha
135(1)
Other Important Buildings in Cuzco
135(2)
Summary and Discussion
137(2)
The Coricancha
139(20)
Atahualpa's Ransom and the Gold of the Coricancha (1533--1534)
143(3)
Other Early Descriptions of the Coricancha
146(6)
The Coricancha and Inca Astronomy
152(1)
The Coricancha as the Center of the Empire
153(1)
The Coricancha and the Shrines of the Cuzco Ceque System
154(3)
Summary and Discussion
157(2)
The Mummies of the Royal Inca
159(26)
Polo de Ondegardo and the Inca Mummies
159(1)
Ancestor Worship in the Andes
160(2)
The Royal Panacas of Cuzco
162(1)
Care for the Mummies
162(5)
Representations of the Inca Kings and Their Huauques and Bultos
167(5)
Discovery and Destruction of the Royal Inca Mummies
172(7)
Polo de Ondegardo, Viceroy Hurtado de Mendoza, and the Fate of the Inca Mummies
179(3)
Summary and Discussion
182(3)
Overview of the Inca Heartland
185(6)
Appendix. Radiocarbon Dates from the Cuzco Region 191(12)
Notes 203(26)
Bibliography 229(20)
Index 249

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