250 HTML and Web Design Secrets

by Molly E. Holzschlag

ISBN13: 9780764568459

ISBN10: 0764568450

Format: Paperback

Pub. Date: 2004-07-01

Publisher(s): Wiley

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Summary

This value-priced guide by one of the Top 25 Most Influential Women on the Web delivers 250 solutions, workarounds, tips, and annoyance-busters that Web designers won't find anywhere else Offers 500 pages of insider techniques to improve workflow and efficiency, save development time and money, and increase search engine rankings and site traffic, whether designers want to enhance an existing Web site or build a state-of-the-art site from scratch Covers topics such as HTML, XHTML, CSS, graphics and multimedia, cell phone and PDA accessibility, content development, tools, usability, information architecture, globalization, and site redesign Molly Holzschlag is a steering committee member of the Web Standards Project (WaSP) and spokesperson for the World Organization of Webmasters, as well as a frequent lecturer at industry conferences and the author of twenty-five previous books

Author Biography

In the world of Web design and development, Molly E. Holzschlag is one of the most vibrant and influential people around. With over 30 Web development book titles to her credit, Molly is also a noted columnist, speaker, and educator. As a Steering Committee Member of the Web Standards Project (WaSP), Molly works along with a group of other dedicated Web developers and designers to promote open standards for the Web. She serves as an advisor and spokeswoman for the World Organization of Webmasters. Molly speaks regularly at conferences in addition tot teaching and developing curriculum for a number of colleges and universities, including the University of Phoenix, New School University, and Pima Community College. Many recognize Molly from her Column “Integrated Design.” Which appeared in the much-missed Web Techniques Magazine for three years, and from sister publication Webreview.com, where Molly served as Executive Editor for a year during the best of the San Francisco dot.com era. Molly has been honored as one of the Top 25 Most Influential Women on the Web. For more information about Molly, drop by at www.molly.com/.

Acknowledgments

xvii

Introduction

xix

Part I: Tools, Planning, and Content

(112)

Chapter 1: Setting up a Master Toolbox

(32)

Web Browsers

(3)

Choosing a Code Editor

(3)

File Management with FTP

(1)

Telnet and SSH

(2)

Validation Tools

(2)

PNH Toolbar

(1)

Sidebar Reference Panels

(1)

Bitmap Image Programs

(4)

Vector Image Programs

(1)

Web Animation Utilities

(2)

Screen Capture Utilities

(1)

Rename Utilities

(1)

Tag Strippers

(1)

HTML Tidy

(1)

Compression Utilities

(2)

Audio and Video Players

(1)

Plug-Ins

(1)

SVG and SMIL Support

(1)

Software for Security and Safety

(2)

Collaborative Communication Software

(1)

Summary

(2)

Chapter 2: Managing Your Web Project

(16)

The Challenge of Web Project Management

(2)

Toward Consistent Organizational Structure

(1)

Creating Industry-Wide Standards for Web Project Management

(1)

Fixing Disparities in Problem-solving Approaches

(1)

Selecting the Project Manager

(1)

Defining the Budget

(1)

Identifying Goals

(1)

Determining the Stakeholders

(1)

Determining Market Needs

(1)

Identifying Roles and Responsibilities

(2)

Creating a Project Workflow

(1)

Listing Creative Tasks

(1)

Clarifying Technical Tasks

(1)

Defining Administrative Tasks

(1)

Listing Marketing Tasks

(1)

Addressing Quality Assurance Concerns

(1)

Setting Milestones

(1)

Getting Signoff Throughout the Process

(1)

Encouraging Collaboration

(1)

Managing Scope Creep

(1)

Summary

(2)

Chapter 3: Architecting Your Information

(16)

What Is Information Architecture?

(1)

Sites Big and Small, New and Old

(1)

Organic Growth and the Web

(1)

Performing a Content Audit

(1)

Determining Hierarchies of Content

(2)

Defining Technical Infrastructure

(1)

Determining Naming Conventions

(2)

Site Mapping

(1)

Understanding Wireframing

(1)

Developing Prototypes

(1)

Creating User Pathways

(1)

Creating Archive Systems

(1)

Considering Frequency of Updates and Redesigns

(1)

Setting Site-Wide Standards

(1)

Developing a Site-Wide Style Guide

(1)

Summary

(1)

Chapter 4: Making Sites Usable and Persuasive

(26)

Create Consistent Branding

(1)

Determining Primary Navigation

(2)

Secondary Navigation

(1)

Grouping Navigation by Like Items

(2)

Iconography and Language Use

(3)

Managing External Links

(4)

Direct Access to Site Features

(2)

Placement of Critical Information

(1)

Consistent Placement of Elements

(1)

Drop-Down Menus

(1)

Pop-Up Windows

(2)

Consider Tabbed Navigation

(1)

Provide Orientation

(1)

Date and Time Formats

(1)

Cost-Controlled Usability Testing

(1)

Summary

(2)

Chapter 5: Creating and Managing Fantastic Content

(20)

Finding Your Voice

(1)

Clarifying Site Purpose

(1)

Text and the Computer Screen

(3)

Writing Effective Paragraphs

(1)

Varying Pace

100

(2)

Removing Extraneous Information

102

(1)

Using Tables to Organize Data

102

(2)

Using Lists to Simplify Ideas

104

(1)

Using Headers Meaningfully

105

(1)

Applying Style Standards

106

(1)

Avoiding Problem Grammar

107

(1)

Understand Copyright!

107

(1)

Extending Copyright with Creative Commons

108

(1)

Protecting Intellectual Property with Trademarks

109

(1)

The Role of Patents on the Web

110

(1)

What Is Digital Rights Management?

110

(1)

Exploring Content Management Systems

111

(1)

Summary

112

(1)

Part II: HTML, XHTML, CSS, and Accessibility

113

(156)

Chapter 6: Crafting Pages with HTML

115

(28)

Is HTML Easy?

116

(1)

HTML is a Markup Language

116

(1)

Face the Changes

116

(1)

Document Conformance

117

(1)

Author to the Specification

117

(1)

Validate the Document

118

(1)

Create a Markup Style and Stick to It

118

(1)

Understand Document Types and Language Versions

119

(3)

Use DOCTYPEs

122

(1)

HTML is Root

123

(2)

Use [head] and [body] Appropriately 124

Always Use [title] 125

Manage Character Sets

125

(2)

Author Documents Structurally

127

(1)

Use Lists to Enhance Structure and Readability

128

(3)

[em] and [strong] versus [i] and [b] 130

Know your Document Tree

131

(2)

Elements, Tags, and Attributes

133

(1)

Intrinsic Events

134

(1)

Special Characters

135

(1)

Limit Color Names to Standard Colors

136

(1)

Avoid the font Element

136

(2)

Avoid the center Element

138

(1)

Avoid All Deprecated, Obsolete, and Proprietary Elements and Attributes

138

(1)

Use Elements as They Were Intended

139

(1)

Restrict Use of Tables

140

(1)

Restrict Use of Frames

141

(1)

Validate, Validate, Validate!

141

(1)

Summary

142

(1)

Chapter 7: Moving Ahead with XHTML

143

(24)

About XHTML

144

(3)

History

144

(1)

Goals of XHTML

144

(1)

XHTML Versions and DTDs

145

(2)

So Is XHTML Better?

147

(1)

Choose a DTD

147

(1)

Avoid the XML Declaration

148

(1)

Use Correct XHTML DOCTYPEs

149

(1)

Add the Namespace to Root

150

(1)

Implementing Style in XHTML

151

(1)

Adding Scripts in XHTML

152

(1)

XHTML and Case Sensitivity

153

(1)

Quotation of Attribute Values in XHTML

154

(1)

Managing Nonempty Elements

155

(1)

Terminating Empty Elements

155

(1)

Managing Minimized Attributes

156

(1)

Entities and XHTML

156

(1)

alt Attribute Required

157

(1)

Understand Well-Formedness

158

(1)

Proper Nesting of Lists

159

(3)

DOCTYPE Switching

162

(1)

Enclose Inline Elements in Blocks

163

(1)

name Becomes id

164

(1)

The target Attribute is Unavailable in Anchor

165

(1)

Summary

165

(2)

Chapter 8: Style Tips for Type and Design

167

(42)

Learning CSS

168

(1)

When to Use Linked Style

168

(1)

When to Use Embedded Style

169

(1)

When to Use Inline Styles

170

(1)

Importing Style

170

(1)

Understand the Cascade

171

(1)

Work with Inheritance

171

(2)

Be Aware of Specificity

173

(1)

Creating Multiple Link Styles

174

(3)

Link Effects

177

(2)

CSS Borders and Border Styles

179

(2)

Gaining Space with Padding

181

(1)

Understanding Type Sizing Options in CSS

182

(1)

Type Effects

182

(4)

Styling Lists with CSS

186

(2)

Using Lists for Vertical Navigation

188

(2)

Using Lists for Horizontal Navigation

190

(1)

Spice Up Forms

191

(2)

Add Visual Effects to Data Tables

193

(2)

Using Background Graphics in CSS

195

(1)

Image Replacement Techniques

196

(2)

CSS-Based Text Mouseovers

198

(3)

Text and Image Mouseovers

201

(1)

Dynamic CSS Menus

202

(3)

Rounded Tabs

205

(1)

Sliding Doors

205

(2)

Cool Rules

207

(1)

Summary

207

(2)

Chapter 9: Laying Out Pages with CSS

209

(34)

CSS Layout Basics

210

(1)

Two-Column Layout, Positioned Left Navigation

211

(1)

Float-Based Layout

212

(2)

Nested Float

214

(4)

Three-Column Layout

218

(2)

Vertical Centering in CSS

220

(6)

Ordering DIVs for Backward Compatibility

226

(1)

@import for Graceful Degradation

227

(1)

CSS Hacking Strategies

228

(2)

The Box Model Hack

230

(1)

The High Pass Filter

231

(1)

The Mid Pass Filter

232

(1)

IE 5.0 Windows Band Pass Filter

232

(1)

IE 5.5 Windows Band Pass Filter

233

(1)

Opera Hacks

233

(1)

Understanding CSS Media Types

234

(1)

Alternate Style Sheet for Print

235

(1)

Alternate Style Sheet for Small-screen Media

236

(1)

Alternate Style Sheet for Projection

237

(1)

CSS Best Practices

237

(4)

Summary

241

(2)

Chapter 10: Adding Accessibility Features

243

(26)

What is Web Accessibility?

244

(3)

The Advent of Accessibility Challenges

244

(2)

Accessibility and Law

246

(1)

Accessibility and You

247

(1)

Describing Visual and Aural Content

247

(1)

Providing Alternate Content

247

(2)

They're NOT alt "Tags!"

249

(1)

Use the title Attribute in Links

249

(2)

Using the abbr Element for Abbreviations

251

(1)

Using the acronym Element for Acronyms

252

(2)

Understand the accesskey Attribute

254

(1)

Index Link and Form Controls Using tabindex

255

(1)

Group Form Selections with select and optgroup

256

(2)

Add fieldset and legend to Forms

258

(1)

Using the label Element with Forms

259

(1)

Summarize and Caption Data Tables

260

(3)

Consider Using Skip Links

263

(2)

Making Frames Accessible

265

(1)

Testing with Accessibility Validators

266

(1)

Testing with Lynx

267

(1)

Testing with Screen Reader Software

267

(1)

Summary

268

(1)

Part III: Designing Sites for Long Term Success

269

(110)

Chapter 11: Sophisticated Visual Design

271

(22)

Visual Design and Site Intent

272

(1)

Defining and Maintaining Your Brand

272

(1)

GIFs and JPEGs: Still Your Secret Graphic Weapon

273

(3)

Refinding the Lost Promise of PNG

276

(2)

GIF Animation Do's and Don'ts

278

(1)

Image Maps: To Use or Not to Use

278

(1)

Make the Most Out of Text-Based Type

279

(1)

Combine Graphics and Markup for Effective Typography

280

(1)

What Is White Space and Why Do I Care?

280

(2)

The Importance of Proximity

282

(2)

There's No Such Thing as Web-Safe Color

284

(1)

Making the Most Out of Web Color

285

(2)

The Symbolic Meaning of Shapes

287

(1)

The Psychology of Color

287

(1)

Color and Culture

288

(2)

Color and Gender

290

(1)

Color Tips

290

(1)

Exploring Scalable Vector Graphics

291

(1)

Summary

292

(1)

Chapter 12: Spicing It Up with Dynamic Content

293

(36)

All about Scripting and Rich Media

294

(3)

JavaScript, ECMAScript, and DOM

294

(2)

Using Rich Media

296

(1)

Providing the Current Date

297

(1)

Doing Popups Properly

298

(3)

Randomize Images and Text

301

(6)

Open a New Window Without target

307

(2)

Check for Plug-Ins

309

(1)

Text Size Switching

310

(5)

Style Sheet Switching for Visual Design

315

(2)

Dynamic Menu Systems

317

(2)

Forms Validation with JavaScript

319

(1)

The Trouble with applet, object, and embed

320

(2)

Adding Flash and Complying with Standards

322

(1)

Adding Audio

323

(1)

Adding Video

324

(2)

About Digital Storytelling

326

(1)

Summary

327

(2)

Chapter 13: Keeping Sites Fresh and Engaging

329

(24)

Use Personalization

330

(2)

Offer Useful Information and Applications

332

(2)

Provide Random or Frequently Changed Features

334

(1)

Add a Weblog

335

(2)

Consider Weblog Commenting Systems

337

(1)

Offer Site Registration

338

(2)

Consider Cookies to Track Usage

340

(1)

The Power of Polls

341

(2)

Add Discussion Groups

343

(1)

Use Web-based Chat

343

(3)

Refresh Your Page Style Regularly

346

(1)

Style Sheet Switching for Customization

347

(2)

Add Search Technology

349

(1)

Aggregate Content

349

(2)

Summary

351

(2)

Chapter 14: Improving Site Ranking and Managing

353

(16)

About Web Site Marketing

354

(2)

Now Focus Is on Structure and Content

354

(1)

Avoid Unscrupulous Marketing Techniques

355

(1)

Targeting Keywords for meta Elements

356

(1)

Writing Effective meta Descriptions

357

(1)

Using Targeted Words in Headers

358

(1)

Using Keywords in Text

359

(1)

Keeping URLs Short and Relevant

360

(1)

Solicit Reciprocal Links

361

(1)

Consider Affiliate Programs

361

(2)

Use Opt-In E-mail Newsletters to Drive Traffic

363

(1)

Run Regular and Seasonal Promotions

364

(1)

Learn More About Web Ads

365

(1)

Add Sponsored Links

366

(1)

Search Engine Submission

367

(1)

Don't Forget Offline Promotions!

368

(1)

Summary

368

(1)

Chapter 15: Dealing with Growth and Redesigns

369

(10)

The Importance of Server Logs

370

(2)

Develop a Regular Assessment Cycle

372

(1)

Ensure Scalability

373

(1)

Manage Content Growth

374

(1)

When to Redesign

374

(1)

Map Redesign Projects and Timelines Carefully

375

(1)

Express Upcoming Changes to Audience Members

376

(1)

Re-Evaluate Long-Term Goals

377

(1)

Summary

378

(1)

Part IV: Appendixes

379

(20)

Appendix A: Demystifying Service Provision

381

(6)

Appendix B: Overview of Application and Database Technology

387

(6)

Appendix C: Helpful Reading, Web Sites, and Resources

393

(6)

Index

399

250 HTML and Web Design Secrets

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